List of primates by population

This is a list of primate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive as not all primates have had their numbers quantified.

Unless specified in the Notes section, primary population values given are for number of mature individuals.

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Hainan black crested gibbon

(Hainan gibbon)

Nomascus hainanus 10[1] CR[1] [1] Population was estimated at over 2,000 in the late 1950s. Current total population is estimated to be more than 25 individuals.[1]
Cat Ba langur

(Cat Ba hooded black leaf monkey)

Trachypithecus poliocephalus 30-35[2] CR[2] [2] Total confirmed population (2016) is 51-54 individuals.[2]
Eastern black crested gibbon

(Cao-vit gibbon)

Nomascus nasutus 45–47[3] CR[3] [3] Previously thought to be possibly extinct, rediscovered in 2002. Total population is estimated to be 129 individuals.[3]
Golden bamboo lemur Hapalemur aureus 50-249[4] CR[4] [4] Total population is estimated to be 600–1,000 individuals.[4]
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus avunculus 80-100[5] CR[5] [5] Total population is estimated to be 200-250 individuals.[5]
Barbara Brown's titi monkey

(Blond titi monkey)

Callicebus barbarabrownae 100-250[6] CR[6] [6] Total population is estimated to be less than 1,000 individuals.[6]
Tana River mangabey Cercocebus galeritus 100-1,000[7] CR[7] [7] Total population is estimated to be 1,000 individuals.[7]
Perrier's sifaka Propithecus perrieri 125[8] CR[8] [8] Total population is estimated to be less than 500 individuals.[8]
Popa langur Trachypithecus popa 135–176[9] CR[9] [9] Values given are for mature individuals.[9]
Gray snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus brelichi 200[10] CR[10] [10] Total population is estimated to be 750 individuals.[10]
Raffles' banded langur Presbytis femoralis 200–250[11] CR[11] [11] Total population is estimated to be "only a few hundred individuals."[11]
Sarawak surili

(Bornean banded langur)

Presbytis chrysomelas 200–500[12] CR[12] [12] Values given are for total population.[12]
White-headed langur

(White-headed black langur)

Trachypithecus leucocephalus 230-250[13] CR[13] [13] Total population is estimated to be 600 individuals.[13]
Delacour's langur Trachypithecus delacouri 234-275[14] CR[14] [14] Values given are for total population.[14]
Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala 240-250[15] EN[15] [15] Total population is at least 569 individuals.[15]
Silky sifaka Propithecus candidus 249[16] CR[16] [16] Value given is a maximum estimate for number of mature individuals.[16]
Superagüi lion tamarin

(Black-faced lion tamarin)

Leontopithecus caissara 250[17] CR[17] [17] Total population is estimated to be, at maximum, 400 individuals.[17]
Black lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysopygus > 250[18] EN[18] [18] Total population is estimated to be 1,600 individuals.
Coimbra Filho's titi Callicebus coimbrai 250-2,499[19] EN[19] [19] Total population is estimated to be 4,500 individuals.[19]
Mentawai langur Presbytis potenziani 300–1,200[20] CR[20] [20] Values given are for total population.[20]
Myanmar snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri 350-400[21] CR[21] [21] Total population is estimated to be less than 950 individuals.[21]
Greater bamboo lemur Prolemur simus 500[22] CR[22] [22] Total population is estimated to be approximately 1,000 individuals.
Blond capuchin

(Blonde capuchin)

Cebus flavius 500[23] EN[23] [23]
Gray-shanked douc Pygathrix cinerea 550–700[24] CR[24] [24] Values given are for total population.[24]
Northern muriqui Brachyteles hypoxanthus < 1,000[25] CR[25] [25] Value given is for total population.[25]
Black snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti < 1,000[26] EN[26] [26] Total population is estimated to be less than 2,000 individuals.[26]
Southern muriqui Brachyteles arachnoides 1,100-1,200[27] CR[27] [27] Values given are for total population.[27]
Kipunji Rungwecebus kipunji 1,117[28] EN[28] [28] Value given is for total population.[28]
Sanje mangabey Cercocebus sanjei 1,300-3,500[29] EN[29] [29] Values given are for total population.[29]
Siau Island tarsier Tarsius tumpara 1,358–12,470[30] CR[30] [30] Values given are for total population.[30]
Golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia 1,400[31] EN[31] [31] Total wild population is estimated to be 3,700 individuals. 372 individuals are currently held in captivity.[31]
Kashmir gray langur Semnopithecus ajax 1,400-1,500[32] EN[32] [32] Values are a maximum estimate for number of mature individuals.[32]
Black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor 1,500[33] CR[33] [33] Value given is for mature individuals.[33]
Sangihe tarsier Tarsius sangirensis 1,505–2,795[34] EN[34] [34] Values given are for total population; do not include "brush" habitat of unknown suitability. If this species does inhabit this habitat, upper bound could be as high as 52,734 individuals.[34]
Cotton-top tamarin

(Cotton-headed tamarin)

Saguinus oedipus 2,000[35] CR[35] [35] Total population is estimated to be 7,400 individuals.[35]
François' langur Trachypithecus francoisi 2,000–2,100[36] EN[36] [36] Estimate for mature individuals.[36]
Red slender loris Loris tardigradus 2,000-2,250[37] EN[37] [37] Total population is estimated to be less than 2,650 individuals.[37]
Pagai Island macaque Macaca pagensis 2,100–3,700[38] CR[38] [38] Values given are for mature individuals. Numbered 15,000 in 1980.[38]
Javan surili Presbytis comata 2,300–5,500[39] VU[39] [39] Total population is estimated to be 5,000–12,000 individuals.[39]
Javan fuscous leaf monkey Presbytis fredericae 2,300-7,800[40] VU[40] [40] Total population is estimated to be 5,000–17,000 individuals.[40]

Some taxonomists classify this species as a subspecies of Javan surili.[41]

Lion-tailed macaque Macaca silenus 2,400-2,500[42] EN[42] [42] Total population is estimated to be 4,000 individuals.[42]
Indochinese gray langur Trachypithecus crepusculus 2,400–2,500[43] EN[43] [43] Values given are for mature individuals.[43]
Golden-headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas < 2,500[44] EN[44] [44] Value given is most recent estimate for number of mature individuals.[44]
Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur

(Alaotra reed lemur)

Hapalemur alaotrensis 2,500[45] CR[45] [45] Value given is for total population.[45]
Eastern gorilla Gorilla beringei 2,600[46] CR[46] [46] Total population is estimated to be less than 5,000 individuals. As of 2015, subspecies populations for eastern lowland gorillas (G. b. graueri) and mountain gorillas (G. b. beringei) are 3,800 and 1,000 individuals, respectively.[46]
Silvery gibbon Hylobates moloch 4,000-4,500[47] EN[47] [47] Values given are for total population from 2008 IUCN Assessment.[48] Current IUCN Assessment does not provide a population estimate.[47]
Golden-crowned sifaka Propithecus tattersalli 4,000-5,000[49] CR[49] [49] Total population is estimated to be 11,000-26,000 individuals.[49]
Siberut macaque Macaca siberu 4,639–18,438[50] EN[50] [50] Values given are estimate for total population living in Siberut National Park. Total population is almost certainly slightly higher.[50]
Zanzibar red colobus Procolobus kirkii 5,862[51] EN[51] [51] Value given is for total population.[51]
Gee's golden langur Trachypithecus geei 6,000–6,500[52] EN[52] [52] Values given are for mature individuals.[52]
Muna-Buton macaque

(Buton macaque)

Macaca brunnescens 6,221–18,435[53] VU[53] [53] Values given are an estimate of total population from 2007.[53]
Pig-tailed langur

(Pig-tailed snub-nosed langur)

Simias concolor 6,700–17,300[54] CR[54] [54] Values given are an estimate of total population from 2006.[54]
Gray-headed lemur

(White-collared lemur)

Eulemur cinereiceps 7,265[55] CR[55] [55] Maximum total population estimate for the year 2000 was 7,265±2,268. Population is now expected to be much lower.[55]
Madame Berthe's mouse lemur Microcebus berthae 8,000[56] CR[56] [56] Value given is a maximum estimate of total population from 2005.[56]
Natuna Island surili Presbytis natunae 9,000[57] VU[57] [57] Total population is estimated to be less than 10,000 individuals.[57]
Nilgiri langur Semnopithecus johnii 9,500-10,000[58] VU[58] [58] Total population is estimated to be less than 20,000 individuals.[58]
Moor macaque Macaca maura < 10,000[59] EN[59] [59] Total population is unknown, having last been estimated as less than 10,000 individuals in 1999.[59]
Siberut langur Presbytis siberu 11,014–27,439[60] EN[60] [60] Values given are estimate for total population living in Siberut National Park. Total population is almost certainly slightly higher.[60]
Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii 13,846[61] CR[61] [61] Value given is an estimate of total population.[61]
Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus 15,000[62] EN[62] [62] Value given is an estimate of total population in 1999; may be an underestimate.[62]
Bonobo Pan paniscus 15,000–20,000[63] EN[63] [63] Values given are a minimum estimate for total population.[63]
Northern giant mouse lemur Mirza zaza 16,500–177,500[64] VU[64] [64] Values given are for total population, assuming different rates of habitat occupancy.[64]
Kloss's gibbon Hylobates klossii 17,500[65] EN[65] [65] Value given is for total population.[65]
Capped langur Trachypithecus pileatus 18,600[66] VU[66] [66] Values given is for total population.[66]
Golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana 20,000[67] EN[67] [67] Value given is an estimate of total population, compiled from estimates of three subspecies.[67]
Red-eared guenon

(Red-eared monkey)

Cercopithecus erythrotis 20,000[68] VU[68] [68] Value given is an estimate of total population from 2008 IUCN estimate.[69] Current IUCN estimate does not provide a population estimate.[68]
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset

(Black-crowned dwarf marmoset)

Callibella humilis 30,000[70] LC[70] ?[70] Population was estimated to be 10,000 individuals 2003. However, range is now known to be 3x larger than this estimate supposed, leading to current estimate of at least 30,000 individuals.[70]
Udzungwa red colobus Procolobus gordonorum 30,000–40,000[71] VU[71] [71] Values given are for total population.[71]
Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus 47,000–104,700[72] CR[72] [72] Values given are for total population; lower arm is projected 2025 population.[72]
Müller's gibbon

(Bornean gibbon)

Hylobates muelleri 80,000-100,000[73] EN[73] [73] Values given are for total population.[73]
Heck's macaque Macaca hecki 100,000[74] VU[74] [74] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[74]
Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata 114,431[75] LC[76] [76] IUCN Assessment does not provide a population estimate.[76]
Tonkean macaque Macaca tonkeana 150,000[77] VU[77] [77] Value given is for total population.[77]
Booted macaque Macaca ochreata 180,000[78] VU[78] [78] Value given is an estimate for total population from 2001.[78]
Western gorilla Gorilla gorilla 316,000[79] CR[79] [79] Value given is the projected total population of G. g. gorilla circa 2018. Subspecies G. g. diehli is expected to have only a few hundred individuals.[79]
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 345,000–470,000[80] EN[80] [80] Values given are an estimate of total population, determined by adding populations of four subspecies:[80]
  • P. t. ellioti (6,000-9,000 individuals)
  • P. t. schweinfurthii (181,000-256,000 individuals)
  • P. t. troglodytes (140,000 individuals)
  • P. t. verus (18,000-65,000 individuals)
Crab-eating macaque

(Long-tailed macaque)

Macaca fascicularis 904,638[81] EN[81] [81] Value given is an estimate of total population, determined by country-specific analyses of threats and rate of decline. See supplementary material on IUCN Assessment for further details.[81]
Senegal bushbaby

(Northern lesser galago)

Galago senegalensis 107,000,000[82] LC[83] [83] Rough estimate based on population density and range.
Human Homo sapiens 8,163,000,000[84] LC[85] [85] *IUCN has issued one assessment for humans (2008), but has since stopped recurring assessments.

Species without population estimates

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Gelada Theropithecus gelada unknown[86] LC[86] [86] Total population was estimated between 440,000 and 884,000 individuals in 1977. Current IUCN Assessment does not provide a population estimate, but the largest known population has decreased by 57% since the 1970s.[86]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Geissmann, T.; Bleisch, W. (2020). "Nomascus hainanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T41643A17969392. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41643A17969392.en.
  2. ^ a b c d Rawson, B.M.; Leonard, N.; Covert, H.; Nadler, T. (2020). "Trachypithecus poliocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39871A17959804. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39871A17959804.en.
  3. ^ a b c d Rawson, B.M.; Roos, C.; Nguyen, M.H.; Bleisch, W.; Geissmann, T.; Fan, P.F. (2020). "Nomascus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T41642A17969578. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41642A17969578.en.
  4. ^ a b c d Wright, P.; Hearthstone, E.; Donohue, M.E.; Andrianoely, D.; Otero-Jiménez, B.J.; Lauterbur, M.E. (2020). "Hapalemur aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T9672A115564398. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9672A115564398.en.
  5. ^ a b c d Quyet, L.K.; Rawson, B.M.; Duc, H.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H.; Ang, A. (2020). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T19594A17944213. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19594A17944213.en.
  6. ^ a b c d Printes, R.C.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Alonso, A.C.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Callicebus barbarabrownae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T39929A191703041. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39929A191703041.en.
  7. ^ a b c d Butynski, T.M.; de Jong, Y.A.; Wieczkowski, J.; King, J. (2020). "Cercocebus galeritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T4200A17956330. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4200A17956330.en.
  8. ^ a b c d Heriniaina, R.; Hosnah, H.B.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Propithecus perrieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18361A115573556. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18361A115573556.en.
  9. ^ a b c d Matauschek, C.; Meyer, D.; Lwin, N.; Ko Lin, A.; Lin, A.; Momberg, F.; Roos, C. (2022). "Trachypithecus popa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T196344474A196344962. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T196344474A196344962.en.
  10. ^ a b c d Long, Y.; Li, B.; Zhou, J.; Ren, B.; Garber, A. (2022). "Rhinopithecus brelichi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T19595A215621115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T19595A215621115.en.
  11. ^ a b c d Ang, A.; Boonratana, R.; Nijman, V. (2022). "Presbytis femoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T39801A215090780. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39801A215090780.en.
  12. ^ a b c d Nijman, V.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A. (2020). "Presbytis chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39803A17955321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39803A17955321.en.
  13. ^ a b c d Bleisch, B.; Yongcheng, L. (2020). "Trachypithecus leucocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39872A17988378. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39872A17988378.en.
  14. ^ a b c d IUCN (2015-11-21). Trachypithecus delacouri: Nadler, T., Quyet, L.K., Rawson, B.M. & Coudrat, C.N.Z.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22043A17958988 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t22043a17958988.en. Accessed 27 July 2023.
  15. ^ a b c d Kumar, A.; Sinha, A.; Kumar, S. (2020). "Macaca munzala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T136569A17948833. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136569A17948833.en.
  16. ^ a b c d Patel, E. (2020). "Propithecus candidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18360A115573359. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18360A115573359.en.
  17. ^ a b c d Nascimento, A.T.A.; Ludwig, G.; Miranda, J.M.D.; Martins, M.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Leontopithecus caissara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T11503A192327024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T11503A192327024.en.
  18. ^ a b c Rezende, G.C.; Knogge, C.; Passos, F.C.; Ludwig, G.; Oliveira, L.C.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2020). "Leontopithecus chrysopygus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T11505A17935400. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11505A17935400.en.
  19. ^ a b c d Jerusalinsky, L.; Souza-Alves, J.P.; Ferrari, S.F. (2020). "Callicebus coimbrai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39954A17972422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39954A17972422.en.
  20. ^ a b c d Setiawan, A.; Quinten, M.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Whittaker, D. (2020). "Presbytis potenziani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39815A17954456. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39815A17954456.en.
  21. ^ a b c d Geissmann, T.; Momberg, F.; Whitten, T. (2020). "Rhinopithecus strykeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T13508501A17943490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13508501A17943490.en.
  22. ^ a b c Ravaloharimanitra, M.; King, T.; Wright, P.; Raharivololona, B.; Ramaherison, R.P.; Louis Jr, E.E.; Frasier, C.L.; Dolch, R. (2020). "Prolemur simus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T9674A115564770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9674A115564770.en.
  23. ^ a b c Valença-Montenegro, M.M.; Bezerra, B.M.; Martins, A.B.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Fialho, M.S.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021). "Sapajus flavius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T136253A192592928. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136253A192592928.en.
  24. ^ a b c d Long, H.T.; Duc, H.; Quyet, L.K.; Rawson, B.M.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H. (2020). "Pygathrix cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39827A17941672. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39827A17941672.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  25. ^ a b c d de Melo, F.R.; Boubli, J.P.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Tabacow, F.P.; Ferraz, D.S.; Talebi, M. (2021). "Brachyteles hypoxanthus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T2994A191693399. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2994A191693399.en.
  26. ^ a b c d Yongcheng, L.; Bleisch, W.V.; Richardson, M. (2020). "Rhinopithecus bieti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T19597A17943738. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19597A17943738.en.
  27. ^ a b c d Talebi, M.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Martins, M.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Ingberman, B.; Ferraz, D.S.; de Melo, F.R.; Boubli, J.P. (2021). "Brachyteles arachnoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T2993A191692658. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2993A191692658.en.
  28. ^ a b c d Davenport, T.R.B. (2019). "Rungwecebus kipunji". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T136791A17961368. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136791A17961368.en.
  29. ^ a b c d McCabe, G.; Rovero, F.; Fernández, D.; Butynski, T.M.; Struhsaker, T.T. (2019). "Cercocebus sanjei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T4203A17955753. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4203A17955753.en.
  30. ^ a b c d Shekelle, M.; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius tumpara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T179234A17977202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  31. ^ a b c d Ruiz-Miranda, C.R.; Pissinatti, A.; Kierulff, M.C.M.; Oliveira, L.C.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Valença-Montenegro, M.M.; de Oliveira, P.; Jerusalinsky, L. (2021). "Leontopithecus rosalia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T11506A192327291. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T11506A192327291.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  32. ^ a b c d Kumar, A.; Singh, M.; Anandam, M.; Ahuja, V.; Kumara, H.N.; Molur, S. (2020). "Semnopithecus ajax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39833A17943210. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39833A17943210.en.
  33. ^ a b c d Pengfei, F.; Nguyen, M.H.; Phiaphalath, P.; Roos, C.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Rawson, B.M. (2020). "Nomascus concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39775A17968556. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39775A17968556.en.
  34. ^ a b c d Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius sangirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T21493A17977351. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21493A17977351.en.
  35. ^ a b c d Rodríguez, V.; Link, A.; Guzman-Caro, D.; Defler, T.R.; Palacios, E.; Stevenson, P.R.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Saguinus oedipus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T19823A192551067. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19823A192551067.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  36. ^ a b c d IUCN (2015-11-21). Trachypithecus francoisi: Nadler, T., Quyet, L.K., Covert, H. & Long, Y.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39853A17958817 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t39853a17958817.en. Accessed 27 July 2023.
  37. ^ a b c d Gamage, S.N.; Nekaris, K.A.I.; Rudran, R. (2022). "Loris tardigradus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T12375A217756381. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T12375A217756381.en.
  38. ^ a b c d Setiawan, A.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Whittaker, D. (2020). "Macaca pagensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39794A17949995. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39794A17949995.en.
  39. ^ a b c d Nijman, V.; Setiawan, A.; Ang, A. (2022). "Presbytis comata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T210369485A210370097. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210369485A210370097.en.
  40. ^ a b c d Nijman, V.; Setiawan, A.; Ang, A. (2022). "Presbytis fredericae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T18133A210370840. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T18133A210370840.en.
  41. ^ "Javan Fuscous Leaf Monkey, Presbytis fredericae - New England Primate Conservancy". neprimateconservancy.org. 2025-04-06. Retrieved 2026-01-22.
  42. ^ a b c d Singh, M.; Kumar, A.; Kumara, H.N. (2020). "Macaca silenus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T12559A17951402. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12559A17951402.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  43. ^ a b c d Yongcheng, L.; Nadler, T.; Quyet, L.K. (2021). "Trachypithecus crepusculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T136920A204397334. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T136920A204397334.en.
  44. ^ a b c d Oliveira, L.C.; Neves, L.G.; Kierulff, M.C.M.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Rylands, A.B. (2021). "Leontopithecus chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T40643A192327573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40643A192327573.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  45. ^ a b c d Ralainasolo, F.B.; Raveloarimalala, M.L.; Randrianasolo, H.; Heriniaina, R.; Clarke, T.; Ravaloharimanitra, M.; Volampeno, S.; Donati, G.; Razafindramanana, J.; Andriantsimanarilafy, R.R.; Randriatahina, G.; Irwin, M.; Eppley, T.M.; Borgerson, C. (2020). "Hapalemur alaotrensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T9676A182236363. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T9676A182236363.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  46. ^ a b c d Plumptre, A.J.; Robbins, M.M.; Williamson, E.A. (2019). "Gorilla beringei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T39994A115576640. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39994A115576640.en.
  47. ^ a b c d Nijman, V. (2020). "Hylobates moloch". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T10550A17966495. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10550A17966495.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  48. ^ Andayani, N.; Brockelman, W.; Geissmann, T.; Nijman, V.; Supriatna, J. (2008). "Hylobates moloch". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T10550A3199941. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T10550A3199941.en.
  49. ^ a b c d Semel, B.; Semel, M.; Salmona, J.; Heriniaina, R. (2020). "Propithecus tattersalli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18352A115571806. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18352A115571806.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  50. ^ a b c d Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A.; Quinten, M.; Cheyne, S.M.; Whittaker, D.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2020). "Macaca siberu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39795A17949710. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39795A17949710.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  51. ^ a b c d Davenport, T.R.B. (2020). "Piliocolobus kirkii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39992A168568335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39992A168568335.en.
  52. ^ a b c d Das, J.; Chetry, D.; Medhi, R.; Choudhury, A.U. (2024). "Trachypithecus geei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22037A259357017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22037A259357017.en.
  53. ^ a b c d Lee, R.; Riley, E.; Sangermano, F.; Cannon, C.; Shekelle, M. (2021). "Macaca brunnescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12569A17985924. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T12569A17985924.en.
  54. ^ a b c d Quinten, M.; Setiawan, A.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Whittaker, D. (2020). "Simias concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T20229A17953422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T20229A17953422.en.
  55. ^ a b c d Johnson, S.; Andriamisedra, T.R.; Donohue, M.E.; Ralainasolo, F.B.; Birkinshaw, C.; Ludovic, R.; Ratsimbazafy, J. (2020). "Eulemur cinereiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T8205A115562060. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8205A115562060.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  56. ^ a b c d Markolf, M.; Schäffler, L.; Kappeler, P. (2022). "Microcebus berthae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T41573A215090010. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T41573A215090010.en.
  57. ^ a b c d Setiawan, A.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C. (2020). "Presbytis natunae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T136500A17955492. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136500A17955492.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  58. ^ a b c d Singh, M.; Kumara, H.N.; Kumar, A. (2020). "Semnopithecus johnii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T44694A17958623. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T44694A17958623.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  59. ^ a b c d Riley, E.; Lee, R.; Sangermano, F.; Cannon, C.; Shekelle, M (2020). "Macaca maura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T12553A197831931. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12553A197831931.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  60. ^ a b c d Quinten, M.; Setiawan, A.; Traeholt, C.; Cheyne, S.M.; Whittaker, D. 2020. (2020). "Presbytis siberu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39816A17986963. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39816A17986963.en.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  61. ^ a b c d Singleton, I.; Wich, S.A.; Nowak, M.; Usher, G.; Utami-Atmoko, S.S. (2024). "Pongo abelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T121097935A259045437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T121097935A259045437.en.
  62. ^ a b c d Wallis, J.; Benrabah, M.E.; Pilot, M.; Majolo, B.; Waters, S. (2020). "Macaca sylvanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T12561A50043570. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12561A50043570.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  63. ^ a b c d Fruth, B.; Hickey, J.R.; André, C.; Furuichi, T.; Hart, J.; Hart, T.; Kuehl, H.; Maisels, F. (2016). "Pan paniscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T15932A102331567.
  64. ^ a b c d Schwitzer, C. (2020). "Mirza zaza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T136684A182240582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136684A182240582.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  65. ^ a b c d Liswanto, D.; Whittaker, D.; Geissmann, T.; Whitten, T. (2020). "Hylobates klossii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T10547A17967475. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10547A17967475.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  66. ^ a b c d Das, J.; Chetry, D.; Choudhury, A.U.; Bleisch, W. (2024). "Trachypithecus pileatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22041A259357527. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22041A259357527.en.
  67. ^ a b c d Yongcheng, L.; Richardson, M. (2021). "Rhinopithecus roxellana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T19596A196491153. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19596A196491153.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  68. ^ a b c d Hofner, A.; Cronin, D.T.; Imong, I.; Gadsby, E.L.; Ndeloh, D. (2020). "Cercopithecus erythrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T4218A17946043. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4218A17946043.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  69. ^ Oates, J.F.; Gippoliti, S.; Groves, C.P. (2008). "Cercopithecus erythrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T4218A10651543. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T4218A10651543.en.
  70. ^ a b c d Mittermeier, R.A.; Röhe, F. (2021). "Callibella humilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T41584A191706209. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41584A191706209.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  71. ^ a b c d Rovero, F.; Barelli, C.; Butynski, T.M.; Marshall, A.J.; Struhsaker, T.T. (2019). "Piliocolobus gordonorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T40015A92629595. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T40015A92629595.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  72. ^ a b c d Ancrenaz, M.; Gumal, M.; Marshall, A.J.; Meijaard, E.; Wich, S.A.; Husson, S. (2024). "Pongo pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T17975A259043172. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T17975A259043172.en.
  73. ^ a b c d Marshall, A.J.; Nijman, V.; Cheyne, S.M. (2020). "Hylobates muelleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39888A17990934. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39888A17990934.en.
  74. ^ a b c d Lee, R.; Riley, E.; Sangermano, F.; Cannon, C.; Shekelle, M. (2020). "Macaca hecki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T12570A17948969. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12570A17948969.en.
  75. ^ "Japanese macaque". Wisconsin National Primate Research Center. Retrieved 2022-09-15.
  76. ^ a b c Watanabe, K.; Tokita, K. (2021). "Macaca fuscata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12552A195347803. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12552A195347803.en.
  77. ^ a b c d Riley, E.; Lee, R.; Sangermano, F.; Cannon, C.; Shekelle, M. (2020). "Macaca tonkeana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T12563A17947990. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12563A17947990.en.
  78. ^ a b c d Riley, E.; Lee, R.; Sangermano, F.; Cannon, C.; Shekelle, M. (2021). "Macaca ochreata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T39793A17985872. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39793A17985872.en.
  79. ^ a b c d Maisels, F.; Bergl, R.A.; Williamson, E.A. (2018). "Gorilla gorilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T9404A136250858. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T9404A136250858.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  80. ^ a b c d Humle, T.; Maisels, F.; Oates, J.F.; Plumptre, A.; Williamson, E.A. (2018). "Pan troglodytes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T15933A129038584.
  81. ^ a b c d Hansen, M.F.; Ang, A.; Fuentes, A.; Nijman, V. (2025). "Macaca fascicularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T12551A273015436. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T12551A273015436.en.
  82. ^ "Results/Wild_land_mammal_biomass_inluding_populations.CSV · master · Milo Lab (Public) / Mammal_biomass · GitLab". 26 February 2023.
  83. ^ a b De Jong, Y.A.; Butynski, T.M.; Svensson, M.S.; Perkin, A. (2019). "Galago senegalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T8789A17963505. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8789A17963505.en.
  84. ^ U.S. and World Population Clock, United States Census Bureau, 2026-01-22, retrieved 2026-01-22
  85. ^ a b Global Mammal Assessment Team (2008). "Homo sapiens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T136584A4313662. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136584A4313662.en.
  86. ^ a b c d Gippoliti, S.; Mekonnen, A.; Burke, R.; Nguyen, N.; Fashing, P.J. (2025). "Theropithecus gelada". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T21744A274974485. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-1.RLTS.T21744A274974485.en.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.