List of even-toed ungulates by population

This is a list of even-toed ungulate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive, as not all ungulates have had their numbers quantified. Note that this is only a subset of the order Artiodactyla, listing terrestrial species only. For populations of the cetaceans (infraorder Cetacea), see list of cetaceans.

Where available, population is given as number of mature individuals following IUCN reporting standards of estimating effective population size.

Wild species by population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Kouprey Bos sauveli 0-50[1] CR[1] [1] Last confirmed sighting occurred in 1970. Most likely extinct.[1]
Saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis 25-750[2] CR[2] [2] Best estimate for number of mature individuals in 50-300. It is possible that species has fallen below the minimum viable population.[2]
Addax Addax nasomaculatus 30–90[3] CR[3] [3] Total population is estimated to be < 100 individuals.[3]
Dama gazelle Nanger dama 100-200[4] CR[4] [4] Maximum estimate for total population is 250 individuals.[4]
Pygmy hog Porcula salvania 100-250[5] EN[5] ?[5] Values given are for mature population. Approximately 100 captive individuals have been reintroduced to the wild.[5]
Scimitar oryx

(Scimitar-horned oryx)

Oryx dammah 140-160[6] EN[6] [6] Values given are absolute minimum for mature, wild individuals. Total population is estimated to be 227-1,452 individuals in Chad, and an additional 200 in Tunisia. Approximately 15,000 individuals are held in captivity.[6]
Hirola Beatragus hunteri 200-250[7] CR[7] [7] Values given are for mature population.[7]
Bawean deer Axis kuhlii 200–500[8] CR[8] [8] Values given are estimates of total population.[8]
Tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis 220-300[9] CR[9] [9] Total population is estimated to be at least 430 individuals.[9]
Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica >250[10] EN[10] [10] Previously thought to be extinct. Value given is total estimated number of adults. There are approximately 430 individuals held in captivity.[10]
Rhim gazelle

(Slender-horned gazelle)

Gazella leptoceros 300-600[11] EN[11] [11] Per IUCN assessment, it "is highly unlikely that the remaining population numbers more than a few hundred."[11]
Togian babirusa

(Togian Islands babirusa)

Babyrousa togeanensis 500[12] EN[12] [12] Value given is maximum estimate for total population (2008), though interviews with local residents indicate population could be higher.[12]
Walia ibex Capra walie 585[13] VU[13] [13] Total population is estimated to be 975 individuals.[13]
Père David's deer Elaphurus davidianus 600[14] EW[14] N/A Value given is for population of individuals living in the wild after escaping captivity, ca. 2015.[14]

More recent estimates give feral population of 2,825 individuals and a total population (including captivity) of 9,062 individuals.[15]

Eld's deer Rucervus eldii < 700[16] EN[16] [16] Population could be higher, but remaining populations are expected to be sparsely distributed across range.[16]
Visayan spotted deer

(Philippine spotted deer)

Rusa alfredi 700[17] EN[17] [17] Total population is estimated to be 1,100 individuals.[17]
Anhui musk deer Moschus anhuiensis 700–800[18] EN[18] [18] Most recent estimate was in 1998.[18]
Wild Bactrian camel Camelus ferus 780-1,380[19] EN[19] [19] Total population is estimated to be 1,040–1,840 individuals.[19]
Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx 850[20] VU[20] [20] Total population in wild is estimated to be 1,220 individuals. This estimate does not include individuals in captivity (ca. 6,000-7,000).[20]
Calamian deer Axis calamianensis 887-1,359[21] EN[21] [21] 1994 estimate of total population; has almost certainly decreased.[21]
South Andean deer

(Patagonian huemul)

Hippocamelus bisulcus 1048–1500[22] EN[22] [22] Maximum estimate for total population is 1,500 individuals.[22]
Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii 1,320-1,635[23] EN[23] [23] Values given are for total population.[23]
Abbott's duiker Cephalophus spadix 1500[24] EN[24] [24] Maximum estimate for total population.[24]
Mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni 1,500-2,500[25] EN[25] [25] It is likely that total population is between 1,500-2,000 individuals, but a 2007 survey indicated a maximum population of 4,000.[25]
Heuglin's gazelle

(Eritrean gazelle)

Eudorcas tilonura 1,750-2,450[26] EN[26] [26] Total population is estimated to be, at most, 2,500-3,500 individuals.[26]
Nilgiri tahr Nilgiritragus hylocrius 1800–2000[27] EN[27] [27] Values given are for total population (2008).[27]
Jentink's duiker Cephalophus jentinki 2,000[28] EN[28] [28] Value given is estimate of total population, circa 2001.[28]
Pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis 2,000-2,499[29] EN[29] [29] Global population has not been recently quantified; estimate is for total population, based on 1993 data.[29]
Central Asian red deer

(Tarim red deer)

Cervus hanglu 2,000-2,500[30] LC[30] [30] Values given are estimate of mature individuals.[30]
Arabian tahr Arabitragus jayakari 2,202-2,324[31] EN[31] [31] Total population is estimated to be 2,446 individuals.[31]
Cuvier's gazelle Gazella cuvieri 2,360-4,560[32] VU[32] [32] Values given are for total population.
Banteng Bos javanicus 2,475-4,900[33] CR[33] [33] Values given are estimate for total population; best estimate for total population is 3,300 individuals.[33]
Lowland anoa Bubalus depressicornis < 2,500[34] EN[34] [34] Value given is estimate for mature population.[34]
Mountain anoa Bubalus quarlesi < 2,500[35] EN[35] [35] Value given is estimate for mature population.[35]
Wild water buffalo Bubalus arnee 2,500[36] EN[36] [36] Total population is estimated to be less than 4,000 individuals.
Mountain gazelle Gazella gazella 2,500[37] EN[37] [37] Value given is for mature population. Total population was estimated to be 10,000 individuals ca. 1990s but is expected to now be much lower.[37]
Long-tailed goral Naemorhedus caudatus 2,500-10,000[38] VU[38] [38] Values given are number for mature individuals.[38]
European bison Bison bonasus 2,518[39] NT[39] [39] Value given is number of mature individuals in free-living, wild populations.[39]
Dibatag Ammodorcas clarkei 2,800[40] VU[40] [40] Total population is estimated to be approximately 4,000 individuals.[40]
West Caucasian tur

(Western tur)

Capra caucasica 3,000-4,000[41] EN[41] [41] Total population is estimated to be 4,000-5,000 individuals.[41]
Chacoan peccary Catagonus wagneri 3,200[42] EN[42] [42] Estimate was made in 2002; wide-scale deforestation of their habitat began in 2003.[42]
Soemmerring's gazelle Nanger soemmerringii 4,000-5,000[43] VU[43] [43] Total population is tentatively estimated to be <6,000-7,500 individuals.[43]
Barasingha Rucervus duvaucelii 4,100-5,050[44] VU[44] [44] Values are an estimate of total population, which consists of three subspecies:[44]
  • R. d. duvaucelli (3,450-4,200 individuals)
  • R. d. ranjitsinhi (350-500 individuals)
  • R.d. branderi (300-350 individuals)
Taruca Hippocamelus antisensis 4,162-5,750[45] VU[45] [45] Total population is estimated to be 15,750-21,000 individuals.[45]
Nile lechwe Kobus megaceros 4,291[46] EN[46] [46] Value is the result of an early dry season count from 2007. A count from the same season in 1983 estimated 12,000 total individuals.[46]
Nubian ibex Capra nubiana 4,500[47] VU[47] [47] Estimate for mature individuals only due to some areas lacking population estimates.[47]
Arabian gazelle Gazella arabica 5,000-7,000[48] VU[48] [48] Total population is estimated to be 12,000 individuals, ca. 2008.[48]
Barbary sheep

(Aoudad)

Ammotragus lervia 5,000-10,000[49] VU[49] [49] Values given are estimate for mature population.[49]
Markhor Capra falconeri 5,754[50] NT[50] [50] Total population is estimated to be 9,700 individuals, which includes ~900 animals assumed to live in areas without data.[50]
Gaur Bos gaurus 6,000-21,000[51] VU[51] [51] Total population is estimated to be 15,000-35,000 individuals.[51]
Beira Dorcatragus megalotis 7,000[52] VU[52] [52] Value given is estimate for total population, circa 1999.[52]
Thorold's deer

(White-lipped deer)

Cervus albirostris 7,000[53] VU[53] ?[53] Value given is most recent estimate for total population, circa 1998. Given other contemporary estimates, could be slight underestimate.[53]
Hairy-fronted muntjac

(Black muntjac)

Muntiacus crinifrons 7,000–8,500[54] VU[54] [54] Values given are estimate of total population in 1998.[54]
Red goral Naemorhedus baileyi 7,000-10,000[55] VU[55] [55] Values given are for mature individuals; best estimate is 7,000-8,000 mature individuals.[55]
Four-horned antelope Tetracerus quadricornis 7,000-10,000[56] VU[56] [56] Total population is estimated to be >10,000 individuals, circa 2001.[56]
Wild yak Bos mutus 7,500-9,999[57] VU[57] [57] Values given are estimate of mature population.[57]
Giant eland Tragelaphus derbianus 8,400-9,800[58] VU[58] [58] Total population is estimated to be 12,150-14,200 individuals.[58]
Small red brocket Mazama bororo 8,500[59] VU[59] [59] Value given is an estimate for mature population.[59]
Zebra duiker Cephalophus zebra 9,500[60] VU[60] [60] Total population was estimated to be 15,000 individuals ca. 2001.[60]
Black wildebeest Connochaetes gnou 9,765-11,382[61] LC[61] [61] Total wild population is estimated to be 16,260 individuals, with an additional 18,000+ individuals on ranches.[61]
Sulawesi babirusa Babyrousa celebensis 9,999[62] VU[62] [62]
Javan rusa

(Javan deer)

Rusa timorensis 10,000[63] VU[63] [63] Total population in native range is estimated to be 13,000-20,000. However, more than 200,000 individuals exist in populations across its introduced range.[63]
Okapi Okapia johnstoni 10,000-50,000[64] EN[64] [64] Values given are best guesses for total population, combining estimates from 1999 and 2013.[64]
Southern pudú Pudu puda > 10,000[65] NT[65] [65] Value given is estimate for total population, assuming 10% of suitable habitat is occupied.[65]
East African oryx

(Beisa oryx)

Oryx beisa 11,000-13,000[66] EN[66] [66] Estimates for total population by subspecies:[66]
  • O. b. beisa (12,000 total individuals)
  • O. b. callotis (4,000-6,000 total individuals)
American bison Bison bison 11,248-13,123[67] NT[67] [67] Total wild population is estimated to be 31,000 individuals (20,000 plains, 11,000 wood bison). Including captive herds would add at least 10,000 individuals.[67]
Red-fronted gazelle Eudorcas rufifrons 12,000[68] VU[68] [68] Value given is for total population.[68]
Aders's duiker Cephalophus adersi 14,000[69] VU[69] [69] Total population is estimated to be 20,000 individuals.[69]
Bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus 15,000-25,000[70] NT[70] [70] Two subspecies:
  • T. e. isaaci (~100 total individuals)
  • T. e. eurycerus (28,000 total individuals).[70]
Mouflon Ovis gmelini 16,000[71] NT[71] ?[71] Total population is estimated to be 26,500 individuals.[71]
Urial Ovis vignei 18,000[72] VU[72] [72] Total population is estimated to be 30,000 individuals.[72]
Grey rhebok Pelea capreolus 18,000[73] NT[73] [73] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. Populations are expected to have decreased.[73]
Harvey's duiker Cephalophus harveyi 20,000[74] LC[74] [74] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999, though is expected to be "a substantial underestimate."[74]
Nyala Tragelaphus angasii 20,000-27,500[75] LC[75] [75] Total population is estimated to be 36,500 individuals.[75]
Pampas deer Ozotoceros bezoarticus 20,000-80,000[76] NT[76] [76] Values given are an estimate of minimum-maximum total population size, ca. 1994.[76]
East Caucasian tur

(Eastern tur)

Capra cylindricornis 23,000[77] NT[77] [77] Total population is estimated to be 31,000–32,000 individuals.[77]
Silver dik-dik Madoqua piacentinii 30,000[78] DD[78] [78] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999.[78]
Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra 35,000[79] LC[79] ?[79] Total population was estimated to be 50,000 individuals ca. 2000. Sizeable introduced populations exist in Argentina and USA.[79]
Ogilby's duiker Cephalophus ogilbyi 35,000[80] LC[80] [80] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999.[80]

IUCN considers this species to have two subspecies:[80]

Dorcas gazelle Gazella dorcas 35,000-99,999[81] VU[81] [81] Values given are a very rough estimate for total population, ca. 1999.[81]
Mountain reedbuck Redunca fulvorufula 36,000[82] EN[82] [82] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999.[82]
Red forest duiker

(Natal red duiker)

Cephalophus natalensis 42,000[83] LC[83] [83] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate.[83]
Klipspringer Oreotragus oreotragus 42,000[84] LC[84] [84] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate.[84]
Goitered gazelle Gazella subgutturosa 42,000-49,000[85] VU[85] [85] Values given are estimate for number of mature individuals. Total population was estimated to be 120,000-140,000 individuals ca. 2001, but is expected to be lower now due to rapid declines.[85]
Bharal

(Blue sheep)

Pseudois nayaur 47,000-414,000[86] LC[86] ?[86] Values given range from a "very conservative estimate" to "probably an overestimate."[86]
Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus 48,000-62,000[87] LC[87] [87] Total population is estimated to be 80,700-117,200 individuals.[87]
Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis 49,000[88] LC[88] [88] Total population is estimated to be 82,655-84,000 individuals.[88]
Iberian ibex

(Iberian wild goat)

Capra pyrenaica 50,000[89] LC[89] [89] Total population is estimated to be 100,000 individuals.[89]
Pyrenean chamois

(Southern chamois)

Rupicapra pyrenaica 50,000[90] LC[90] [90] Value given is for number of mature individuals.[90]
Roan antelope Hippotragus equinus 50,000-60,000[91] LC[91] [91] Total population was estimated to be 76,000 individuals ca. 1999.[91]
Sable antelope Hippotragus niger 50,000-60,000[92] LC[92] [92] Total population was estimated to be 75,000 individuals ca. 1999.[92]
Chinkara

(Indian gazelle)

Gazella bennettii 50,000-70,000[93] LC[93] [93] Total population is estimated to be approximately 100,000 individuals.[93]
Alpine ibex Capra ibex 53,000[94] LC[94] [94] Value given is for total population.[94]
Bontebok Damaliscus pygargus 55,000[95] LC[95] [95] Total population is estimated to be at least 78,503-79,369 individuals between two subspecies:[95]
  • D. p. phillipsi (>77,751)
  • D. p. pygargus (752 - 1,618)
Dall sheep

(Thinhorn sheep)

Ovis dalli 57,600–75,600[96] LC[96] [96] Total population is estimated to be 96,000 – 126,000 individuals.[96]
Royal antelope Neotragus pygmaeus 62,000[97] LC[97] [97] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate.[97]
Giraffe

(Northern giraffe)

Giraffa camelopardalis 68,293[98] VU[98] [98] Total population is estimated to be 97,562 individuals.

Note that some taxonomists recognize as many as eight different species of giraffe (see Giraffidae), though current IUCN assessment considers all populations to be within G. camelopardalis.[98]

However, as of 2025, the IUCN recognizes 3 additional species currently contained within the populations cited here.[99]

Wild goat Capra aegagrus 70,000[100] NT[100] [100] Total population is estimated to be 110,000 individuals, not including populations in Pakistan and Afghanistan.[100]
Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus 70,000-100,000[101] LC[101] [101] Values given are for number of mature individuals. A feral introduced population, numbering approximately 67,000 individuals, is established in Texas.[101]
Southern reedbuck Redunca arundinum 73,000[102] LC[102] [102] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999.[102]
Lesser kudu Tragelaphus imberbis 80,000-100,000[103] NT[103] [103] Total population is estimated to be 118,000 individuals.[103]
Snow sheep Ovis nivicola 85,000-95,000[104] LC[104] ?[104] Values given are for total population (mid 1980s).[104]
Common eland Tragelaphus oryx 90,000-110,000[105] LC[105] [105] Total population was estimated to be 136,000 individuals ca. 1999.[105]
Sitatunga Tragelaphus spekii 90,000-120,000[106] LC[106] [106] Total population was estimated to be 170,000 individuals ca. 1999, but this was likely an overestimate.[106]
Gerenuk Litocranius walleri 95,000[107] NT[107] [107] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999.[107]
Sharpe's grysbok Raphicerus sharpei 95,000[108] LC[108] [108] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate.[108]
Japanese serow Capricornis crispus 100,000[109] LC[109] [109] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1984; may be an underestimate.[109]
Black duiker Cephalophus niger 100,000[110] LC[110] [110] Value given is for total population ca. 1999.[110]
Tibetan gazelle

(Goa)

Procapra picticaudata 100,000[111] NT[111] [111] Value given is for total population ca. 1998.[111]
Tibetan antelope

(Chiru)

Pantholops hodgsonii 100,000-150,000[112] NT[112] [112] Values given are lower and upper estimates of total population.[112]
Bohor reedbuck Redunca redunca 101,000[113] LC[113] [113] Value given is for total population ca. 1999; likely an underestimate.[113]
Siberian ibex Capra sibirica 102,000-150,000[114] NT[114] [114] Total population is estimated to be 170,000-250,000 individuals.[114]
Argali Ovis ammon 107,000[115] NT[115] [115] Value given is for total population; could be a large overestimate.[115]
Hippopotamus

(Common hippopotamus)

Hippopotamus amphibius 115,000-130,000[116] VU[116] [116] Values given are for total population.[116]
Muskox Ovibos moschatus 127,102[117] LC[117] [117] Value given is for total population.[117]
Puku Kobus vardonii 130,000[118] NT[118] [118] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[118]
Grant's gazelle Nanger granti 140,000[119] LC[119] [119] Value given is for total population, but may be an underestimate.[119]
Thomson's gazelle Eudorcas thomsonii 145,000[120] LC[120] [120] Total population is estimated to be 207,361 individuals.[120]
Lechwe

(Southern lechwe)

Kobus leche 158,750[121] NT[121] [121] Value is for total population. Four subspecies:[121]
  • K. l. leche (80,000)
  • K. l. kafuensis (78,000)
  • K. l. smithemani (49,036)
  • K. l. anselli (<1000)
Yellow-backed duiker Cephalophus silvicultor 160,000[122] NT[122] [122] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[122]
Red-flanked duiker Cephalophus rufilatus 170,000[123] LC[123] [123] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[123]
Weyns's duiker Cephalophus weynsi 188,000[124] LC[124] [124] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[124]
Waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus 200,000[125] LC[125] [125] Value is for total population ca. 1999. Two subspecies:[125]
  • K. e. ellipsiprymnus (105,000)
  • K. e. defassa (95,000).
Bates's pygmy antelope Neotragus batesi 219,000[126] LC[126] ?[126] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[126]
Water chevrotain Hyemoschus aquaticus 278,000[127] LC[127] [127] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[127]
Mongalla gazelle Eudorcas albonotata >278,000[128] LC[128] [128] Value given is total population from an aerial survey in 2007, which may not have captured entire range.[128]
White-bellied duiker Cephalophus leucogaster 287,000[129] NT[129] [129] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[129]
Black-fronted duiker Cephalophus nigrifrons 300,000[130] LC[130] [130] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[130]
Chamois

(Northern chamois)

Rupicapra rupicapra 300,000[131] LC[131] [131]
Greater kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros 300,000-350,000[132] LC[132] [132] Total population was estimated to be 482,000 individuals ca. 1999.[132]
Tufted deer Elaphodus cephalophus 300,000-500,000[133] NT[133] [133] Value given is a best guess for total population, ca. 1998.[133]
Vicuña Vicugna vicugna 350,000[134] LC[134] [134] Total population is estimated to be 473,297 – 527,691 individuals.[134]
Hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus 362,000[135] LC[135] [135] Value is for total population ca. 1999. Likely now an overestimate given steep declines of A. b. lelwel.[135]
Suni Nesotragus moschatus 365,000[136] LC[136] [136] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[136]
Gemsbok Oryx gazella 373,000[137] LC[137] [137] Value given is for total population.[137]
Peters's duiker Cephalophus callipygus 382,000[138] LC[138] [138] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[138]
African buffalo Syncerus caffer 398,000-401,000[139] NT[139] [139] Total population is estimated to be 569,000-573,000 individuals.[139]
Topi

(Tsessebe, Tiang)

Damaliscus lunatus > 405,000[140] LC[140] [140] Value given is a rough estimate for total population, given a) 1999 estimate of 300,000 total individuals and b) a known underestimate of D. l. lunatus for this estimate by at least 105,000 individuals.[140]
Salt's dik-dik Madoqua saltiana 485,600[141] LC[141] [141] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[141]
Kob Kobus kob 500,000-1,000,000[142] LC[142] [142] Estimates for total population are broken down by subspecies:[142]
  • K. k. kob - 95,000 (1999)
  • K. k. thomasi - 100,000 (1999)
  • K. k. leucotis - > 753,572 (2007)
Mongolian gazelle Procapra gutturosa 500,000-1,500,000[143] LC[143] [143] Values given are for total population; could be an overestimate, with population as low as 400,000 individuals.[143]
Günther's dik-dik Madoqua guentheri 511,000[144] LC[144] [144] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[144]
Steenbok Raphicerus campestris > 600,000[145] LC[65] [145] Value given is for total population, ca. 1999; considered to be an underestimate.[145]
Bay duiker Cephalophus dorsalis 725,000[146] NT[146] [146] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[146]
Pronghorn Antilocapra americana 750,000[147] LC[147] [147] Total population is estimated to be approximately 1 million individuals.[147]
Oribi Ourebia ourebi 750,000[148] LC[148] [148] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[148]
Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica 922,600-988,500[149] NT[149] [149] Total population is estimated to be 1,344,275 individuals, most of whom are in Kazakhstan population.[149]
Kirk's dik-dik Madoqua kirkii 971,000[150] LC[150] [150] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[150]
Siberian roe deer Capreolus pygargus 1,000,000[151] LC[151] [151] Value is for total population ca. 1999. Likely now an overestimate.[151]
Bushbuck

(Harnessed bushbuck)

Tragelaphus scriptus 1,000,000-1,500,000[152] LC[152] [152] Values given are estimate for number of mature individuals.[152]

Some taxonomists split this species into harnessed bushbuck (T. scriptus) and cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus).[153] IUCN maintains both within T. scriptus.[152]

Springbok Antidorcas marsupialis 1,400,000-1,750,000[154] LC[154] [154] Total population is estimated to be 2,000,000-2,500,000 individuals.[154]
Moose Alces alces 1,440,000[155] LC[155] [155] Value given is for total population, with an estimated 440,000 individuals in Europe, and 1 million in North America.[155]
Guanaco Lama guanicoe 1,498,170-2,192,300[156] LC[156] [156] Values given are for total population.[156]
Blue wildebeest

(Common wildebeest)

Connochaetes taurinus 1,550,000[157] LC[157] [157] Value given is for total population.[157]
Impala Aepyceros melampus 2,000,000[158] LC[158] [158] Value is for total population ca. 1999.[158]
Maxwell's duiker Philantomba maxwellii 2,137,000[159] LC[159] [159] Value is for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate.[159]
Red deer Cervus elaphus 2,400,000[160] LC[160] [160] Value is for European population ca. 2005; while this represents majority of its range, almost certainly an underestimate for global population.[160]
Reindeer

(Caribou)

Rangifer tarandus 2,890,400[161] VU[161] [161] Value given is for total population.[161]
Blue duiker Philantomba monticola 7,000,000[162] LC[162] [162] Value is for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate.[162]
Common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia 10,000,000[163] LC[163] [163] Value given is most recent estimate for total population, ca. 2013. Previous 1999 estimate was for 1.66 million individuals.[163]
White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus 11,500,000[164] LC[164] [164] Estimated population in the United States and Canada only, with estimate of 11 million in the U.S. considered a minimum.[164]
Roe deer

(European roe deer)

Capreolus capreolus 15,000,000[165] LC[165] [165] Value given is for total population in central Europe. Populations in Italy and Turkey are estimated to be 10,000 and 6,000-8,000 individuals, respectively.[165]

Domestic species by population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianus 952,000[166] Domestic Value given is estimate from 2016.[166]

The 2024 population estimate from the FAO for domestic camels (species not delineated) is 44,336,084 individuals.[167]

Llama Lama glama 3,000,000[168] Domestic Domestic form of the guanaco (L. guanicoe).[169]

The 2024 official figure from the FAO for number of domestic 'other camelids' (i.e., llamas and alpacas) is 8,621,586 individuals.[167]

Alpaca Lama pacos 3,000,000[168] Domestic Domestic form of the vicuña (V. vicugna).[169]

The 2024 official figure from the FAO for number of domestic 'other camelids' (i.e., llamas and alpacas) is 8,621,586 individuals.[167]

Dromedary camel Camelus dromedarius 30,000,000[170] Domestic Value given is estimate from 2019.[170]

The 2024 population estimate from the FAO for domestic camels (species not delineated) is 44,336,084 individuals.[167]

Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 212,008,800[167] Domestic Domestic form of the wild water buffalo (B. arnee).[171]

Value given is the 2024 estimate for number of domestic buffalo worldwide, per the FAO.[167]

Domestic pig Sus domesticus 962,441,623[167] Domestic Domestic form of the wild boar (S scrofa).[172]

Value given is the 2024 official figure for number of domestic swine/pigs worldwide, per the FAO.[167]

Domestic goat Capra hircus 1,187,524,236[167] Domestic Domestic form of the bezoar ibex (wild goat; C. aegagrus).[173]

Value given is the 2024 estimate for number of domestic goats worldwide, per the FAO.[167]

Domestic sheep Ovis aries 1,362,590,940[167] Domestic Domestic form of the mouflon (O. gmelini).[174]

Value given is the 2024 estimate for number of domestic sheep worldwide, per the FAO.[167]

Cattle Bos taurus 1,578,614,149[167] Domestic Domestic form of the extinct aurochs (B. primigenius).[175]

Value given is the 2024 estimate for number of domestic cattle worldwide, per the FAO.[167]

Species without population estimates

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Red brocket Mazama americana unknown[176] DD[176] ?[176]
Central American red brocket Mazama temama unknown[177] DD[177] [177] No estimates of species population or density over most of its range.[177]
Fea's muntjac Muntiacus feae unknown[178] DD[178] ?[178]
Gongshan muntjac Muntiacus gongshanensis unknown[179] DD[179] [179] Population is expected to be relatively large, but geographic range occupancy is largely unknown.[179]
Sumatran muntjac

(Sumatran mountain muntjac)

Muntiacus montanus unknown[180] DD[180] ?[180]
Puhoat muntjac Muntiacus puhoatensis unknown[181] DD[181] ?[181] Species is known from one specimen.[181]
Leaf muntjac Muntiacus putaoensis unknown[182] DD[182] [182]
Roosevelt's muntjac Muntiacus rooseveltorum unknown[183] DD[183] [183]
Truong Son muntjac

(Annamite muntjac)

Muntiacus truongsonensis unknown[184] DD[184] [184]
Walter's duiker Philantomba walteri unknown[185] DD[185] ?[185] Species is only known from 41 specimens. Nothing is known about live populations.[185]
Northern pudu Pudella mephistophiles unknown[186] DD[186] [186] IUCN places this species in genus Pudu.[186]

Some taxonomists split an additional species, the Peruvian Yungas pudu (P. carlae) from this species.[187]

Javan chevrotain

(Java mouse-deer)

Tragulus javanicus unknown[188] DD[188] ?[188]
Vietnam mouse-deer

(Silver-backed chevrotain)

Tragulus versicolor unknown[189] DD[189] [189]
Williamson's mouse-deer

(Williamson's chevrotain)

Tragulus williamsoni unknown[190] DD[190] [190]
Giant muntjac

(Large-antlered muntjac)

Muntiacus vuquangensis unknown[191] CR[191] [191]
Visayan warty pig Sus cebifrons unknown[192] CR[192] [192] Extirpated from, or functionally extinct on 4 of 6 islands it once inhabited. Hybridization with feral pigs threatens the last two populations on Negros and Panay.[192]
Indian hog deer

(Hog deer)

Axis porcinus unknown[193] EN[193] [193]
Speke's gazelle Gazella spekei unknown[194] EN[194] [194] Extinct in its former Ethiopian range, and Somalian population is declining rapidly due to hunting pressures.[194]
Dwarf musk deer

(Forest musk deer)

Moschus berezovskii unknown[195] EN[195] [195] Total population was estimated to be 100,000-200,000 in 1992, but this estimate was a rough guess at the time and is highly uncertain.[195]
Alpine musk deer Moschus chrysogaster unknown[196] EN[196] [196] Several rough estimates exist at the regional level within China and Nepal, but abundance across the species' range is largely unknown.[196]
Kashmir musk deer Moschus cupreus unknown[197] EN[197] [197]
Black musk deer Moschus fuscus unknown[198] EN[198] [198]
Himalayan musk deer

(White-bellied musk deer)

Moschus leucogaster unknown[199] EN[199] [199]
Javan warty pig Sus verrucosus unknown[200] EN[200] [200]
Philippine mouse-deer

(Balabac mouse deer)

Tragulus nigricans unknown[201] EN[201] [201]
Buru babirusa

(Hairy babirusa)

Babyrousa babyrussa unknown[202] VU[202] [202]
Marsh deer Blastocerus dichotomus unknown[203] VU[203] [203] Population across entire range is unknown, but 43,000 individuals are estimated to reside in Brazil.[203]
Takin Budorcas taxicolor unknown[204] VU[204] [204] Populations of some subspecies were estimated in the last century, but no population estimate exists for entire species:[204]
  • B. t. bedfordi - 5,069 (ca. 2001)
  • B. t. taxicolor - 3,500 (ca. 1998)
  • B. t. tibetana - 370-410 (ca. 1989)
  • B. t. whitei - unknown
Red serow

(Burmese red serow)

Capricornis rubidus unknown[205] VU[205] [205]
Mainland serow Capricornis sumatraensis unknown[206] VU[206] [206] IUCN lists three subspecies of this one; some studies indicate they may be standalone species:[206][207]
Water deer Hydropotes inermis unknown[208] VU[208] [208]
Mérida brocket Mazama bricenii unknown[209] VU[209] [209]
Dwarf brocket

(Peruvian dwarf brocket)

Mazama chunyi unknown[210] VU[210] [210]
Pygmy brocket

(Brazilian dwarf brocket)

Mazama nana unknown[211] VU[211] ?[211]
Little red brocket

(Dwarf red brocket)

Mazama rufina unknown[212] VU[212] [212]
Yucatan brown brocket Odocoileus pandora unknown[213] VU[213] [213] IUCN places this species in genus Mazama.[213]
Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus unknown[214] VU[214] [214] Total population in Siberia is estimated to be 110,000 individuals (2011), and 44,000 individuals in Mongolia (1986). No abundance data is available for the species' range in China or Korea.[214]
Chinese goral Naemorhedus griseus unknown[215] VU[215] [215]
Philippine deer Rusa marianna unknown[216] VU[216] [216]
Sambar Rusa unicolor unknown[217] VU[217] [217]
Bornean bearded pig

(Bearded pig)

Sus barbatus unknown[218] VU[218] [218]
Oliver's warty pig Sus oliveri unknown[219] VU[219] [219]
Philippine warty pig Sus philippensis unknown[220] VU[220] [220]
White-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari unknown[221] VU[221] [221] Total population in the Peruvian Amazon is estimated to be 477,000 individuals, though this makes up only a small portion of the species' total range.[221]
Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus unknown[222] NT[222] [222]
Bornean yellow muntjac Muntiacus atherodes unknown[223] NT[223] [223]
Himalayan goral Naemorhedus goral unknown[224] NT[224] [224]
Palawan bearded pig Sus ahoenobarbus unknown[225] NT[225] [225]
Chital Axis axis unknown[226] LC[226] ?[226]
Taiwan serow

(Formosan serow)

Capricornis swinhoei unknown[227] LC[227] ?[227]
Elk

(Wapiti)

Cervus canadensis unknown[228] LC[228] [228] Population is known to be quite large, and national estimates exist for several countries; however, population is unknown across total range.[228]
Sika deer Cervus nippon unknown[229] LC[229] [229] Population is estimated to be 8,500-9,000 individuals in Russia, and less than 1,000 in China. No population estimate is given for the population in Japan, which is expected to hold the large majority of the species' global population.[229]
Common fallow deer

(European fallow deer)

Dama dama unknown[230] LC[230] ?[230] Species is considered introduced across most of its current range. Original, native population is estimated to be less than 30 individuals.[230]
Giant forest hog

(Forest hog)

Hylochoerus meinertzhageni unknown[231] LC[231] [231]
Amazonian brown brocket Mazama nemorivaga unknown[232] LC[232] [232]
Indian spotted chevrotain

(Indian chevrotain)

Moschiola indica unknown[233] LC[233] ?[233]
Yellow-striped chevrotain Moschiola kathygre unknown[234] LC[234] ?[234]
Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain

(White-spotted chevrotain)

Moschiola meminna unknown[235] LC[235] ?[235]
Southern red muntjac Muntiacus muntjak unknown[236] LC[236] [236]
Reeves's muntjac Muntiacus reevesi unknown[237] LC[237] [237] Chinese population was roughly estimated to be 2 million individuals in the 1980s. Population in Taiwan is not quantified.[237]
Northern red muntjac Muntiacus vaginalis unknown[238] LC[238] [238]
Mule deer Odocoileus hemionus unknown[239] LC[239] [239]
Collared peccary Pecari tajacu unknown[240] LC[240] [240]
Desert warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus unknown[241] LC[241] [241]
Common warthog Phacochoerus africanus unknown[242] LC[242] [242] Total population in South Africa is estimated to be at least 22,250 individuals, but population is not known across the rest of its range.[242]
Bushpig Potamochoerus larvatus unknown[243] LC[243] [243]
Red river hog Potamochoerus porcus unknown[244] LC[244] [244]
Cape grysbok Raphicerus melanotis unknown[245] LC[245] [245] Population could be up to 231,448 individuals in the Cape Floristic Region, and is estimated to be between 1,704 to 129,544 individuals in the Western Cape province. However, no estimates exist over the rest of its range.[245]
Gray brocket Subulo gouazoubira unknown[246] LC[246] [246] IUCN places this species in genus Mazama.[246]
Wild boar Sus scrofa unknown[247] LC[247] ?[247]
Lesser mouse-deer

(Lesser oriental chevrotain)

Tragulus kanchil unknown[248] LC[248] ?[248]
Greater mouse-deer

(Greater oriental chevrotain)

Tragulus napu unknown[249] LC[249] [249]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Timmins, R.J.; Burton, J.; Hedges, S. (2016). "Bos sauveli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T2890A46363360. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2890A46363360.en.
  2. ^ a b c d Timmins, R.J.; Hedges, S.; Robichaud, W. (2020). "Pseudoryx nghetinhensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18597A166485696. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18597A166485696.en.
  3. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Addax nasomaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T512A50180603. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T512A50180603.en.
  4. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Nanger dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T8968A50186128. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8968A50186128.en.
  5. ^ a b c d Meijaard, E.; Narayan, G.; Deka, P. (2019). "Porcula salvania". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T21172A44139115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21172A44139115.en.
  6. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2023). "Oryx dammah". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023 e.T15568A197393805. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T15568A197393805.en.
  7. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Beatragus hunteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T6234A50185297. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T6234A50185297.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d Semiadi, G.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R. (2015). "Axis kuhlii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T2447A73071875. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T2447A73071875.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d Boyles, R.; Schutz, E.; de Leon, J. (2016). "Bubalus mindorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T3127A50737640. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3127A50737640.en.
  10. ^ a b c d Werner, N.Y.; Rabiei, A.; Saltz, D.; Daujat, J.; Baker, K. (2016) [amended version of 2015 assessment]. "Dama mesopotamica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T6232A97672550.
  11. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Gazella leptoceros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T8972A50186909. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8972A50186909.en.
  12. ^ a b c d Macdonald, A.; Leus, K.; Masaaki, I.; Burton, J. (2016). "Babyrousa togeanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136472A44143172. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136472A44143172.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  13. ^ a b c d Ejigu, D. (2020). "Capra walie". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T3797A178652661. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3797A178652661.en.
  14. ^ a b c Jiang, Z.; Harris, R.B. (2016). "Elaphurus davidianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T7121A22159785. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T7121A22159785.en.
  15. ^ Cheng, Zhibin; Tian, Xiuhua; Zhong, Zhenyu; Li, Pengfei; Sun, Daming; Bai, Jiade; Meng, Yuping; Zhang, Shumiao; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Wang, Libo; Liu, Dingzhen (2021). "Reintroduction, distribution, population dynamics and conservation of a species formerly extinct in the wild: A review of thirty-five years of successful Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) reintroduction in China". Global Ecology and Conservation. 31 e01860. Bibcode:2021GEcoC..3101860C. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01860. S2CID 244584326.
  16. ^ a b c d Gray, T.N.E.; Brook, S.M.; McShea, W.J.; Mahood, S.; Ranjitsingh, M.K.; Miyunt, A.; Hussain, S.A.; Timmins, R. (2015). "Rucervus eldii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T4265A22166803. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T4265A22166803.en.
  17. ^ a b c d Brook, S.M. (2016). "Rusa alfredi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4273A22168782. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T4273A22168782.en.
  18. ^ a b c d Wang, Y.; Harris, R.B. (2015). "Moschus anhuiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T136643A61979276. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T136643A61979276.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d Mallon, D.; Jemmett, A.; Xue, Y.; Whitemore, S.; Yadamsuren, A. (2025). "Camelus ferus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T63543A50197851. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T63543A50197851.en.
  20. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Oryx leucoryx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T15569A50191626. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T15569A50191626.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  21. ^ a b c d Widmann, P.; Lastica, E. (2015). "Axis calamianensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T2446A22156678. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T2446A22156678.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  22. ^ a b c d Black-Decima, P.A.; Corti, P.; Díaz, N.; Fernandez, R.; Geist, V.; Gill, R.; Gizejewski, Z.; Jiménez, J.; Pastore, H.; Saucedo, C.; Wittmer, H. (2016). "Hippocamelus bisulcus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T10054A22158895. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T10054A22158895.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  23. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Procapra przewalskii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T18230A50192807. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T18230A50192807.en.
  24. ^ a b c d Moyer, D.; Jones, T.; Rovero, F. (2016). "Cephalophus spadix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4151A50184413. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4151A50184413.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  25. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Tragelaphus buxtoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T22046A115164345.
  26. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Eudorcas tilonura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T8991A50188182. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T8991A50188182.en.
  27. ^ a b c d Alempath, M.; Rice, C. (2008). "Nilgiritragus hylocrius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T9917A13026736. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T9917A13026736.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  28. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus jentinki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4140A50182687. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4140A50182687.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  29. ^ a b c d Ransom, C.; Robinson, P.T.; Collen, B. (2015). "Choeropsis liberiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T10032A18567171. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10032A18567171.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  30. ^ a b c d Brook, S.M.; Donnithorne-Tait, D.; Lorenzini, R.; Lovari, S.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Ahmad, K.; Thakur, M. (2017). "Cervus hanglu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T4261A120733024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T4261A120733024.en.
  31. ^ a b c d Ross, S.; Al-Rawahi, H.; Al-Jahdhami, M.H.; Spalton, J.A.; Mallon, D.; Al-Shukali, A.S.; Al-Rasbi, A.; Al-Fazari, W.; Chreiki, M.K. (2019). "Arabitragus jayakari". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T9918A156925170. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T9918A156925170.en.
  32. ^ a b c IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Gazella cuvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T8967A50186003. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8967A50186003.en.
  33. ^ a b c d Groenenberg, M.; Gray, T.N.E. (2025). "Bos javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T2888A270543638. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-1.RLTS.T2888A270543638.en.
  34. ^ a b c d Burton, J.; Wheeler, P.; Mustari, A. (2016). "Bubalus depressicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T3126A46364222. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3126A46364222.en.
  35. ^ a b c d Burton, J.; Wheeler, P.; Mustari, A. (2016). "Bubalus quarlesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T3128A46364433. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3128A46364433.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  36. ^ a b c Kaul, R.; Williams, A.C.; Rithe, K.; Steinmetz, R.; Mishra, R. (2019). "Bubalus arnee". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T3129A46364616. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T3129A46364616.en.
  37. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella gazella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T8989A50186574. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T8989A50186574.en.
  38. ^ a b c d Bragina, E.; Kim, S.; Zaumyslova, O.; Park, Y.-S.; Lee, W.-S. (2020). "Naemorhedus caudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T14295A22150540. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T14295A22150540.en.
  39. ^ a b c d Plumb, G.; Kowalczyk, R.; Hernandez-Blanco, J.A. (2020). "Bison bonasus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T2814A45156279. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T2814A45156279.en.
  40. ^ a b c d Heckel, J.; Wilhelmi, F.; Kaariye, X.; Amir, O. (2016). "Ammodorcas clarkei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T1141A50181613. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T1141A50181613.en.
  41. ^ a b c d Weinberg, P. (2020). "Capra caucasica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T3794A22143809. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3794A22143809.en.
  42. ^ a b c d Altrichter, M.; Taber, A.; Noss, A.; Maffei, L.; Campos, J. (2015). "Catagonus wagneri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T4015A72587993. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T4015A72587993.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  43. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Nanger soemmerringii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T63541A50197739. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T63541A50197739.en.
  44. ^ a b c d Duckworth, J.W.; Kumar, N.S.; Pokharel, C.P.; Sagar Baral, H.; Timmins, R. (2015). "Rucervus duvaucelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T4257A22167675. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T4257A22167675.en.
  45. ^ a b c d Barrio, J.; Nuñez, A.; Pacheco, L.; Regidor, H.A.; Fuentes-Allende, N. (2017). "Hippocamelus antisensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T10053A22158621. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10053A22158621.en.
  46. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Kobus megaceros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T11034A50189177. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T11034A50189177.en.
  47. ^ a b c d Ross, S.; Elalqamy, H.; Al Said, T.; Saltz, D. (2020). "Capra nubiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T3796A22143385. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3796A22143385.en.
  48. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella arabica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T117582065A88018124. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T117582065A88018124.en.
  49. ^ a b c d Cassinello, J.; Bounaceur, F.; Brito, J.C.; Bussière, E.; Cuzin, F.; Gil-Sánchez, J.; Herrera-Sánchez, F.J.; Wacher, T. (2022). "Ammotragus lervia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T1151A214430287. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T1151A214430287.en.
  50. ^ a b c d Michel, S.; Rosen Michel, T. (2016). "Capra falconeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T3787A97218336.
  51. ^ a b c d Duckworth, J.W.; Sankar, K.; Williams, A.C.; Samba Kumar, N.; Timmins, R.J. (2016). "Bos gaurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T2891A46363646. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2891A46363646.en.
  52. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Dorcatragus megalotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T6793A50185898. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T6793A50185898.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  53. ^ a b c d Harris, R.B. (2015). "Cervus albirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T4256A61976756. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T4256A61976756.en.
  54. ^ a b c d Timmins, R.; Chan, B. (2016). "Muntiacus crinifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T13924A22160753. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13924A22160753.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  55. ^ a b c d Nijhawan, S. (2020). "Naemorhedus baileyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T14294A179947455. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T14294A179947455.en.
  56. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Tetracerus quadricornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T21661A50195368. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21661A50195368.en.
  57. ^ a b c d Buzzard, P.; Berger, J. (2016). "Bos mutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T2892A101293528. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2892A101293528.en.
  58. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Tragelaphus derbianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T44172A50197518. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T44172A50197518.en.
  59. ^ a b c d Vogliotti, A.; Oliveira, M.L.; Duarte, J.M.B (2016). "Mazama bororo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41023A22155086. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41023A22155086.en.
  60. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus zebra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4153A50184648. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4153A50184648.en.
  61. ^ a b c d Vrahimis, S.; Grobler, P.; Brink, J.; Viljoen, P.; Schulze, E. (2017). "Connochaetes gnou". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T5228A50184962. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T5228A50184962.en.
  62. ^ a b c Leus, K.; Macdonald, A.; Burton, J.; Rejeki, I. (2016). "Babyrousa celebensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136446A44142964. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136446A44142964.en.
  63. ^ a b c d Hedges, S.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.; Semiadi, G.; Dryden, G. (2015). "Rusa timorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T41789A22156866. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T41789A22156866.en.
  64. ^ a b c d Mallon, D.; Kümpel, N.; Quinn, A.; Shurter, S.; Lukas, J.; Hart, J.A.; Mapilanga, J.; Beyers, R.; Maisels, F. (2015). "Okapia johnstoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T15188A51140517. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T15188A51140517.en.
  65. ^ a b c d e Silva-Rodríguez, E.; Pastore, H.; Jiménez, J. (2016). "Pudu puda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T18848A22164089. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T18848A22164089.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  66. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2018). "Oryx beisa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T15571A50191877. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T15571A50191877.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  67. ^ a b c d Aune, K.; Jørgensen, D.; Gates, C. (2018) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Bison bison". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T2815A123789863.
  68. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Eudorcas rufifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T8973A50187042. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T8973A50187042.en.
  69. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Cephalophus adersi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T4137A50182159. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T4137A50182159.en.
  70. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Tragelaphus eurycerus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
  71. ^ a b c d Michel, S.; Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Ovis gmelini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T54940218A22147055. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54940218A22147055.en.
  72. ^ a b c d Michel, S.; Ghoddousi, A. (2021). "Ovis vignei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T54940655A195296049. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54940655A195296049.en.
  73. ^ a b c d Taylor, A.; Cowell, C.; Drouilly, M. (2017). "Pelea capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T16484A50192715. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T16484A50192715.en.
  74. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus harveyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4154A50184807. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4154A50184807.en.
  75. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Tragelaphus angasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017.
  76. ^ a b c d González, S.; Jackson III, J.J.; Merino, M.L. (2016). "Ozotoceros bezoarticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T15803A22160030. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15803A22160030.en.
  77. ^ a b c d Lortkipanidze, B.; Weinberg, P. (2020). "Capra cylindricornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T3795A91287260. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3795A91287260.en.
  78. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Madoqua piacentinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12667A50190430. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T12667A50190430.en.
  79. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Antilope cervicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T1681A50181949. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T1681A50181949.en.
  80. ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus ogilbyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4148A50183770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4148A50183770.en.
  81. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella dorcas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T8969A50186334. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T8969A50186334.en.
  82. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Redunca fulvorufula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T19391A50193881. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19391A50193881.en.
  83. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus natalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4144A50183272. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4144A50183272.en.
  84. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Oreotragus oreotragus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T15485A50191264. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15485A50191264.en.
  85. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella subgutturosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T8976A50187422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T8976A50187422.en.
  86. ^ a b c d Harris, R.B. (2014). "Pseudois nayaur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014 e.T61513537A64313015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T61513537A64313015.en.
  87. ^ a b c d Festa-Bianchet, M. (2024). "Oreamnos americanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T42680A254517035. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T42680A254517035.en.
  88. ^ a b c d Festa-Bianchet, M. (2020). "Ovis canadensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T15735A22146699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T15735A22146699.en.
  89. ^ a b c d Herrero, J.; Acevedo, P.; Arnal, M.C.; Fernández de Luco, D.; Fonseca, C.; García-González, R.; Pérez, J.M.; Sourp, E. (2024). "Capra pyrenaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T3798A223797165. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T3798A223797165.en.
  90. ^ a b c d Herrero, J.; Lovari, S.; Nores, C.; Toigo, C. (2024). "Rupicapra pyrenaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T19771A223797365. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T19771A223797365.en.
  91. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Hippotragus equinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T10167A50188287. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10167A50188287.en.
  92. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Hippotragus niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T10170A50188654. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10170A50188654.en.
  93. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella bennettii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T8978A50187762. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T8978A50187762.en.
  94. ^ a b c d Toïgo, C.; Brambilla, A.; Grignolio, S.; Pedrotti, L. (2024). "Capra ibex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T42397A219261343. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T42397A219261343.en.
  95. ^ a b c d Dalton, D.; Birss, C.; Cowell, C.; Gaylard, A.; Kotze, A.; Parrini, F.; Peinke, D.; Radloff, F.; Viljoen, P. (2019). "Damaliscus pygargus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T30208A50197331. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T30208A50197331.en.
  96. ^ a b c d Festa-Bianchet, M. (2020). "Ovis dalli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39250A22149895. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39250A22149895.en.
  97. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Neotragus pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14602A50190835. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14602A50190835.en.
  98. ^ a b c d Muller, Z.; Bercovitch, F.; Brand, R.; Brown, D.; Brown, M.; Bolger, D.; Carter, K.; Deacon, F.; Doherty, J.B.; Fennessy, J.; Fennessy, S.; Hussein, A.A.; Lee, D.; Marais, A.; Strauss, M.; Tutchings, A.; Wube, T. (2018). "Giraffa camelopardalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T9194A136266699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T9194A136266699.en.
  99. ^ Giraffe and Okapi Specialist Group (August 2025). An Evaluation of the Taxonomic Status of Giraffe (Giraffa spp.) (PDF). IUCN.
  100. ^ a b c d Weinberg, P.; Ambarli, H. (2020). "Capra aegagrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T3786A22145942. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3786A22145942.en.
  101. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Boselaphus tragocamelus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2893A115064758.
  102. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Redunca arundinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T19390A50193692. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19390A50193692.en.
  103. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Tragelaphus imberbis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T22053A115165887.
  104. ^ a b c d Harris, R.B.; Tsytsulina, K. (2008). "Ovis nivicola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T15740A5076357. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T15740A5076357.en.
  105. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Tragelaphus oryx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T22055A115166135.
  106. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Tragelaphus spekii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T22050A115164901.
  107. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Litocranius walleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12142A50190292. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12142A50190292.en.
  108. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Raphicerus sharpei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T19307A50193414. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T19307A50193414.en.
  109. ^ a b c d Tokida, K. (2020). "Capricornis crispus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T3811A22151909. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3811A22151909.en.
  110. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4145A50183437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4145A50183437.en.
  111. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Procapra picticaudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T18231A115142581.
  112. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Pantholops hodgsonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T15967A50192544. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15967A50192544.en.
  113. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Redunca redunca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T19392A50194059. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19392A50194059.en.
  114. ^ a b c d Reading, R.; Michel, S.; Suryawanshi, K.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2020). "Capra sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T42398A22148720. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T42398A22148720.en.
  115. ^ a b c d Reading, R.; Michel, S.; Amgalanbaatar, S. (2020). "Ovis ammon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T15733A22146397. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T15733A22146397.en.
  116. ^ a b c d Lewison, R.; Pluháček, J. (2017). "Hippopotamus amphibius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T10103A18567364. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10103A18567364.en.
  117. ^ a b c d Gunn, A.; Forchhammer, M. (2022). "Ovibos moschatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T29684A22149286. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T29684A22149286.en.
  118. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Kobus vardonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T11037A50189881. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T11037A50189881.en.
  119. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Nanger granti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T8971A50186774. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8971A50186774.en.
  120. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2020). "Eudorcas thomsonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T8982A172360006. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T8982A172360006.en.
  121. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Kobus leche". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T11033A50189021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T11033A50189021.en.
  122. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus silvicultor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4150A50184147. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4150A50184147.en.
  123. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus rufilatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4149A50183959. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4149A50183959.en.
  124. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus weynsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4152A50184533. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4152A50184533.en.
  125. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Kobus ellipsiprymnus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T11035A50189324. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T11035A50189324.en.
  126. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Neotragus batesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14603A50190946. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14603A50190946.en.
  127. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Hyemoschus aquaticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T10341A50188841. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T10341A50188841.en.
  128. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Eudorcas albonotata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T8992A50188208. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8992A50188208.en.
  129. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus leucogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4141A50182823. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4141A50182823.en.
  130. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus nigrifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4146A50183573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4146A50183573.en.
  131. ^ a b c Anderwald, P.; Ambarli, H.; Avramov, S.; Ciach, M.; Corlatti, L.; Farkas, A.; Jovanovic, M.; Papaioannou, H.; Peters, W.; Sarasa, M.; Šprem, N.; Weinberg, P.; Willisch, C. (2021). "Rupicapra rupicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T39255A195863093. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39255A195863093.en.
  132. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2020). "Tragelaphus strepsiceros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22054A166487759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T22054A166487759.en.
  133. ^ a b c d Harris, R.B.; Jiang, Z. (2015). "Elaphodus cephalophus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T7112A22159620. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T7112A22159620.en.
  134. ^ a b c d Acebes, O.; Wheeler, J.; Baldo, J.; Tuppia, P.; Lichtenstein, G.; Hoces, D.; Franklin, W.L. (2019). "Vicugna vicugna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22956A145360542. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22956A145360542.en.
  135. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019). "Alcelaphus buselaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T811A143160967. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T811A143160967.en.
  136. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Nesotragus moschatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14604A50191073. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14604A50191073.en.
  137. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2020). "Oryx gazella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T15573A166485425. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T15573A166485425.en.
  138. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Cephalophus callipygus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4138A50182358. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4138A50182358.en.
  139. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019). "Syncerus caffer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T21251A50195031. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T21251A50195031.en.
  140. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Damaliscus lunatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T6235A50185422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6235A50185422.en.
  141. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Madoqua saltiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12668A50190537. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T12668A50190537.en.
  142. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Kobus kob". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T11036A50189609. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T11036A50189609.en.
  143. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Procapra gutturosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T18232A115142812.
  144. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Madoqua guentheri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12669A50190613. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T12669A50190613.en.
  145. ^ a b c IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Raphicerus campestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T19308A50193533. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T19308A50193533.en.
  146. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2020). "Cephalophus dorsalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T4139A166523704. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4139A166523704.en.
  147. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Antilocapra americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T1677A115056938.
  148. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Ourebia ourebi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T15730A50192202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15730A50192202.en.
  149. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2023). "Saiga tatarica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023 e.T19832A233712210. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T19832A233712210.en.
  150. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Madoqua kirkii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12670A50190709. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T12670A50190709.en.
  151. ^ a b c d Lovari, S.; Masseti, M.; Lorenzini, R. (2016). "Capreolus pygargus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T42396A22161884. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42396A22161884.en.
  152. ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Tragelaphus scriptus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T22051A115165242.
  153. ^ Hassanin, A; Houck, ML; Tshikung, D; Kadjo, B; Davis, H; Ropiquet, A (2018). "Multi-locus phylogeny of the tribe Tragelaphini (Mammalia, Bovidae) and species delimitation in bushbuck: Evidence for chromosomal speciation mediated by interspecific hybridization". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 129: 96–105. Bibcode:2018MolPE.129...96H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.006. PMID 30121341.
  154. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Antidorcas marsupialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T1676A115056763.
  155. ^ a b c d Hundertmark, K. (2016). "Alces alces". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T56003281A22157381. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T56003281A22157381.en.
  156. ^ a b c d Baldi, R.B.; Acebes, P.; Cuéllar, E.; Funes, M.; Hoces, D.; Puig, S.; Franklin, W.L. (2016). "Lama guanicoe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T11186A18540211. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T11186A18540211.en.
  157. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2020). "Connochaetes taurinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T5229A163322525. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T5229A163322525.en.
  158. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Aepyceros melampus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T550A50180828. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T550A50180828.en.
  159. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Philantomba maxwellii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4142A50182944. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4142A50182944.en.
  160. ^ a b c d Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M.; Mattioli, S. (2019). "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T55997072A142404453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T55997072A142404453.en.
  161. ^ a b c d Gunn, A. (2016). "Rangifer tarandus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29742A22167140. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29742A22167140.en.
  162. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Philantomba monticola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T4143A50183103. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4143A50183103.en.
  163. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Sylvicapra grimmia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T21203A50194717. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21203A50194717.en.
  164. ^ a b c d Gallina, S.; Lopez Arevalo, H. (2016). "Odocoileus virginianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T42394A22162580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T42394A22162580.en.
  165. ^ a b c d Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R.; Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T42395A22161386. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42395A22161386.en.
  166. ^ a b Ming, Liang; Siren, Dalai; Hasi, Surong; Jambl, Tuyatsetseg; Ji, Rimutu (2022). "Review of genetic diversity in Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)". Animal Frontiers. 12 (4): 20–29.
  167. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025). "Crops and livestock products". FAOSTAT. Retrieved 2026-01-27.
  168. ^ a b Westendorg, Michael; Stahl, Tess (2024). "Llamas and Alpacas". New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. Rutgers University. Retrieved 2026-01-27.
  169. ^ a b Kadwell, M.; Fernandez, M.; Stanley, H.F.; Baldi, R.; Wheeler, J.C.; Rosadio, R.; Bruford, M.W. (2001). "Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca". Proceedings B. 268 (1485): 2575–2584.
  170. ^ a b Zhu, Sophie; Zimmerman, Dawn; Deem, Sharon L. (2019). "A Review of Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels". EcoHealth. 16: 356–377.
  171. ^ Lau, C.H.; Drinkwater, R.D.; Yusoff, K.; Tan, S.G.; Hetzel, D.J.S.; Barker, J.S.F. (2003). "Genetic diversity of Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): mitochondrial DNA D-loop and cytochrome b sequence variation". Animal Genetics. 29 (4): 253–264.
  172. ^ Giuffra, E.; Kijas, J.M.; Amarger, V.; Carlborg, O.; Jeon, J.T.; Andersson, L. (2000). "The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression". Genetics. 154 (4): 1785–1791.
  173. ^ Takada, T.; Kikkawa, Y.; Yonekawa, H.; Kawakami, S.; Amano, T. (1997). "Bezoar (Capra aegagrus) is a matriarchal candidate for ancestor of domestic goat (Capra hircus): evidence from the mitochondrial DNA diversity". Biochemical Genetics. 35: 315–326.
  174. ^ Hiendleder, S.; Kaupe, B.; Wassmuth, R.; Janke, A. (2002). "Molecular analysis of wild and domestic sheep questions current nomenclature and provides evidence for domestication from two different subspecies". Proceedings B. 269 (1494): 893–904.
  175. ^ Edwards, C.J.; Magee, D.A.; Park, S.D.E.; McGettigan, P.A. & Lohan, A.J. (2010). "A complete mitochondrial genome sequence from a mesolithic wild Aurochs (Bos primigenius)". PLOS ONE. 5 (2) e9255. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9255E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009255. PMC 2822870. PMID 20174668.
  176. ^ a b c Duarte, J.M.B.; Vogliotti, A. (2016). "Mazama americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29619A22154827. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29619A22154827.en.
  177. ^ a b c d Bello, J.; Reyna, R.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Mazama temama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136290A22164644. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136290A22164644.en.
  178. ^ a b c Timmins, R.; Steinmetz, R.; Chutipong, W. (2016). "Muntiacus feae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T13927A22160266. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13927A22160266.en.
  179. ^ a b c d Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J.W. (2016). "Muntiacus gongshanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T13926A22160596. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13926A22160596.en.
  180. ^ a b c Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Groves, C.P. (2016). "Muntiacus montanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136831A22168363. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136831A22168363.en.
  181. ^ a b c d Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W. (2016). "Muntiacus puhoatensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136293A22164930. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136293A22164930.en.
  182. ^ a b c Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W. (2016). "Muntiacus putaoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136479A22159478. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136479A22159478.en.
  183. ^ a b c Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J.W. (2016). "Muntiacus rooseveltorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T13928A22160435. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13928A22160435.en.
  184. ^ a b c Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J.W. (2016). "Muntiacus truongsonensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T44704A22154056. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T44704A22154056.en.
  185. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Philantomba walteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T88418111A88418148. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T88418111A88418148.en.
  186. ^ a b c d Barrio, J.; Tirira, D.G. (2019). "Pudu mephistophiles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T18847A22163836. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T18847A22163836.en.
  187. ^ Barrio, Javier; Gutiérrez, Eliécer E; D’Elía, Guillermo (2024-03-01). Moratelli, Ricardo (ed.). "The first living cervid species described in the 21st century and revalidation of Pudella (Artiodactyla)". Journal of Mammalogy. 105 (3): 577–588. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyae012. ISSN 0022-2372.
  188. ^ a b c Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.; Semiadi, G. (2015). "Tragulus javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T41780A61978138. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T41780A61978138.en.
  189. ^ a b c Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J.W.; Meijaard, E. (2015). "Tragulus versicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T136360A61978789. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T136360A61978789.en.
  190. ^ a b c Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J.W.; Meijaard, E. (2015). "Tragulus williamsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T136533A61978926. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T136533A61978926.en.
  191. ^ a b c Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Robichaud, W.; Long, B.; Gray, T.N.E.; Tilker, A. (2016). "Muntiacus vuquangensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T44703A22153828. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T44703A22153828.en.
  192. ^ a b c d Meijaard, E.; Oliver, W.R.T.; Leus, K. (2017). "Sus cebifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T21175A44139575. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T21175A44139575.en.
  193. ^ a b c Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J.W.; Samba Kumar, N.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H.; Long, B.; Maxwell, A. (2015). "Axis porcinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T41784A22157664. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41784A22157664.en.
  194. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Gazella spekei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T8975A50187314. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8975A50187314.en.
  195. ^ a b c d Wang, Y.; Harris, R. (2016). "Moschus berezovskii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T13894A103431781.
  196. ^ a b c d Harris, R. (2016). "Moschus chrysogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T13895A61977139. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13895A61977139.en.
  197. ^ a b c Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W. (2015). "Moschus cupreus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T136750A61979453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T136750A61979453.en.
  198. ^ a b c Wang, Y.; Harris, R. (2015). "Moschus fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T13896A61977357. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T13896A61977357.en.
  199. ^ a b c Timmins, R.J. (2015). "Moschus leucogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T13901A61977764. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T13901A61977764.en.
  200. ^ a b c Semiadi, G.; Rademaker, M.; Meijaard, E. (2016). "Sus verrucosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T21174A44139369. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21174A44139369.en.
  201. ^ a b c Widmann, P. (2015). "Tragulus nigricans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T22065A61977991. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T22065A61977991.en.
  202. ^ a b c Macdonald, A.A.; Burton, J.; Leus, K. (2008). "Babyrousa babyrussa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T2461A9441445. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T2461A9441445.en.
  203. ^ a b c d Duarte, J.M.B.; Varela, D.; Piovezan, U.; Beccaceci, M.D.; Garcia, J.E. (2016). "Blastocerus dichotomus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T2828A22160916. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T2828A22160916.en.
  204. ^ a b c d Song, Y.-L.; Smith, A.T.; MacKinnon, J. (2008). "Budorcas taxicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T3160A9643719. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T3160A9643719.en.
  205. ^ a b c Shepherd, C.R. (2022). "Capricornis rubidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T3815A214430673. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T3815A214430673.en.
  206. ^ a b c d Phan, T.D.; Nijhawan, S.; Li, S.; Xiao, L. (2020). "Capricornis sumatraensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T162916735A162916910. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T162916735A162916910.en.
  207. ^ Calamari, Zachary T. (June 2021). "Total Evidence Phylogenetic Analysis Supports New Morphological Synapomorphies for Bovidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)". American Museum Novitates (3970): 1–38. doi:10.1206/3970.1. hdl:2246/7267. ISSN 0003-0082. S2CID 235441087.
  208. ^ a b c Harris, R.B.; Duckworth, J.W. (2015). "Hydropotes inermis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T10329A22163569. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10329A22163569.en.
  209. ^ a b c Lizcano, D.J.; Alvarez, S.J. (2016). "Mazama bricenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136301A22165039. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136301A22165039.en.
  210. ^ a b c Rumiz, D.I.; Barrio, J. (2016). "Mazama chunyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12913A22165860. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12913A22165860.en.
  211. ^ a b c Duarte, J.M.B.; Vogliotti, A.; Cartes, J.L.; Oliveira, M.L. (2015). "Mazama nana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T29621A22154379. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T29621A22154379.en.
  212. ^ a b c Lizcano, D.; Alvarez, S.J. (2016). "Mazama rufina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12914A22165586. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12914A22165586.en.
  213. ^ a b c d Weber, M.; de Grammont, P.C.; Cuarón, A.D. (2016). "Mazama pandora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29622A22154219. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T29622A22154219.en.
  214. ^ a b c d Nyambayar, B.; Mix, H.; Tsytsulina, K. (2015). "Moschus moschiferus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T13897A61977573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T13897A61977573.en.
  215. ^ a b c Duckworth, J.W.; Steinmetz, R.; Rattanawat Chaiyarat (2008). "Naemorhedus griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T14303A4430834. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T14303A4430834.en.
  216. ^ a b c MacKinnon, J.R.; Ong, P.; Gonzales, J. (2015). "Rusa marianna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T4274A22168586. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T4274A22168586.en.
  217. ^ a b c Timmins, R.; Kawanishi, K.; Giman, B.; Lynam, A.; Chan, B.; Steinmetz, R.; Sagar Baral, H.; Samba Kumar, N. (2015). "Rusa unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T41790A85628124.
  218. ^ a b c Luskin, M.; Ke, A.; Meijaard, E.; Gumal, M.; Kawanishi, K. (2017). "Sus barbatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T41772A123793370.
  219. ^ a b c Schütz, E. (2016). "Sus oliveri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136340A44142784. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136340A44142784.en.
  220. ^ a b c Heaney, L.; Meijaard, E. (2017). "Sus philippensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T21176A44139795. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T21176A44139795.en.
  221. ^ a b c d Beck, H.; Altrichter, M.; Reyna-Hurtado, R.; Fragoso, J.M.V.; Pacheco, L.; Gongora, J.; Keuroghlian, A.; Butti, M.; Wallace, R.B.; Mayor, P.; Perez, P.; Antunes, A.; Richard-Hansen, C.; Montenegro, O.; de Bustos, S.; Bodmer, R. (2025). "Tayassu pecari". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T41778A269441699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T41778A269441699.en.
  222. ^ a b c Ale, S.B.; Sathyakumar, S.; Forsyth, D.M.; Lingyun, X.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2020). "Hemitragus jemlahicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T9919A22152905. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9919A22152905.en.
  223. ^ a b c Timmins, R.J.; Belden, G.; Brodie, J.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A.; Duckworth, J.W. (2016). "Muntiacus atherodes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T42189A22166396. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T42189A22166396.en.
  224. ^ a b c Duckworth, J.W.; MacKinnon, J. (2008). "Naemorhedus goral". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T14296A4430073. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T14296A4430073.en.
  225. ^ a b c Meijaard, E.; Widmann, P. (2017). "Sus ahoenobarbus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T21177A44140029. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T21177A44140029.en.
  226. ^ a b c Duckworth, J.W.; Kumar, N.S.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H.; Timmins, R. (2015). "Axis axis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T41783A22158006. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41783A22158006.en.
  227. ^ a b c Chiang, P.J.; Pei, K.J-C. (2008). "Capricornis swinhoei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T3810A10096148. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T3810A10096148.en.
  228. ^ a b c d Brook, S.M.; Pluháček, J.; Lorenzini, R.; Lovari, S.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Mattioli, S. (2018). "Cervus canadensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T55997823A142396828. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T55997823A142396828.en.
  229. ^ a b c d Harris, R.B. (2015). "Cervus nippon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T41788A22155877. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T41788A22155877.en.
  230. ^ a b c d Masseti, M.; Mertzanidou, D. (2008). "Dama dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T42188A10656554. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T42188A10656554.en.
  231. ^ a b c d'Huart, J.; Reyna, R. (2016). "Hylochoerus meinertzhageni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41769A100471546.
  232. ^ a b c Rossi, R.V. (2016). "Mazama nemorivaga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136708A22158407. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136708A22158407.en.
  233. ^ a b c Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R. (2015). "Moschiola indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T136585A61979067. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T136585A61979067.en.
  234. ^ a b c Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R. (2015). "Moschiola kathygre". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T136799A61979620. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T136799A61979620.en.
  235. ^ a b c Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R. (2015). "Moschiola meminna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T41779A73575223. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T41779A73575223.en.
  236. ^ a b c Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Hedges, S. (2016). "Muntiacus muntjak". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T42190A56005589. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42190A56005589.en.
  237. ^ a b c d Timmins, R.J.; Chan, B. (2020). "Muntiacus reevesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T42191A170905827. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T42191A170905827.en.
  238. ^ a b c Timmins, R.J.; Steinmetz, R.; Samba Kumar, N.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H. (2016). "Muntiacus vaginalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136551A22165292. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136551A22165292.en.
  239. ^ a b c Sanchez-Rojas, G.; Gallina-Tessaro, S. (2016). "Odocoileus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T42393A22162113. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42393A22162113.en.
  240. ^ a b c Gongora, J.; Reyna-Hurtado, R.; Beck, H.; Taber, A.; Altrichter, M.; Keuroghlian, A. (2011). "Pecari tajacu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011 e.T41777A10562361. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T41777A10562361.en.
  241. ^ a b c de Jong, Y.A.; Butynski, T.M.; d'Huart, J.-P. (2016). "Phacochoerus aethiopicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41767A99376685.
  242. ^ a b c d de Jong, Y.A.; Cumming, D.; d'Huart, J.; Butynski, T. (2017). "Phacochoerus africanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T41768A109669842.
  243. ^ a b c Seydack, A.H.W. (2016). "Potamochoerus larvatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41770A44140926. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41770A44140926.en.
  244. ^ a b c Reyna, R.; Jori, F.; Querouil, S.; Leus, K. (2016). "Potamochoerus porcus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41771A100469961.
  245. ^ a b c d Palmer, G.; Birss, C.; Kerley, G.; Feely, J.; Peinke, D.; Castley, G. (2017). "Raphicerus melanotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T19306A50193334. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19306A50193334.en.
  246. ^ a b c d Black-Decima, P.A.; Vogliotti, A. (2016). "Mazama gouazoubira". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29620A22154584. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T29620A22154584.en.
  247. ^ a b c Keuling, O.; Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T41775A44141833. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41775A44141833.en.
  248. ^ a b c Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J.W. (2015). "Tragulus kanchil". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T136297A61978576. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T136297A61978576.en.
  249. ^ a b c Timmins, R. (2015). "Tragulus napu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T41781A61978315. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T41781A61978315.en.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.