Voiced velar lateral affricate
| Voiced velar lateral affricate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɡʟ̝ | |||
| ɡ𝼄̬ | |||
| Audio sample | |||
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A voiced velar lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɡ͡ʟ̝⟩, though in extIPA ⟨ɡ͡𝼄̬⟩ is available. This consonant exists in the Hiw and Ekari languages.
Features
Features of a voiced velar lateral affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ekari | dagi | [daɡ͡ʟ̝ĭ] | 'head' | Before front vowels.[1] |
| Hiw | qr̄ē | [kʷɡ͡ʟ̝ɪ] | 'dolphin' | May be realized as an affricate [ɡʟ̝], prestopped [ᶢʟ], or a laterally released stop [ɡᶫ]. Contrasts with /r/ in recent loanwords.[2] |
| Kanite | kala | [kaɡ͡ʟ̝a] | 'dog' | May be realized as an affricate [ɡʟ̝] or a tap [ʟ̆].[3][4] |
See also
References
- ^ Staroverov, Peter; Tebay, Sören E. (2019). "Posterior Affricate in Mee and Consonant-Vowel Place Interactions". Proceedings of the Annual Meetings on Phonology. 7. doi:10.3765/amp.v7i0.4481.
- ^ François, Alexandre (December 2010). "Phonotactics and the prestopped velar lateral of Hiw: resolving the ambiguity of a complex segment" (PDF). Phonology. 27 (3): 393–434. doi:10.1017/S0952675710000205. ISSN 0952-6757. S2CID 62628417. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ Gibson, Gwen; McCarthy, Joy (1992), Kanite Organised Phonology Data (PDF), SIL Global
- ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 211. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.