2036 in public domain
When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform. The following is a list of creators whose works enter the public domain in 2036 under the most common copyright regimes, assuming no further extensions to copyright terms become law in the interim.
Countries with life + 70 years
Except for Belarus (Life + 50 years)[1] and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime.[2][3] In addition, several other countries have a limit of 70 years. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator.
| Names | Country | Death | Occupation | Notable work |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahn Eak-tai | South Korea | 16 September 1965 | Composer | Aegukga, Symphonic Fantasy Korea |
| Katharine Anthony | United States | 20 November 1965 | Biographer | The Lambs |
| Jacques Audiberti | France | 10 July 1965 | Playwright, poet, novelist | |
| Martin Buber | Austria, Israel | 13 June 1965 | Philosopher | I and Thou |
| Thornton W. Burgess | United States | 5 June 1965 | Children's book author | |
| Winston Churchill | United Kingdom | 24 January 1965 | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | The Second World War, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples |
| Thomas B. Costain | Canada, United States | 8 October 1965 | Journalist | |
| Maria Dąbrowska | Poland | 19 May 1965 | Novelist, essayist, playwright | Noce i dnie |
| T. S. Eliot | United Kingdom, United States |
4 January 1965 | Poet, essayist, playwright | Works |
| Walter Evans-Wentz | United States | 17 July 1965 | Anthropologist | English translation of The Tibetan Book of the Dead |
| Eleanor Farjeon | United Kingdom | 5 June 1965 | Children's writer and poet | "Morning Has Broken" |
| Lorraine Hansberry | United States | 12 January 1965 | Journalist, playwright | A Raisin in the Sun |
| John Davy Hayward | United Kingdom | 17 September 1965 | Literary editor, bibliophile | |
| Shirley Jackson | United States | 8 August 1965 | Novelist, short story writer | "The Lottery", Life Among the Savages, The Haunting of Hill House |
| Randall Jarrell | United States | 14 October 1965 | Poet, novelist | Pictures from an Institution |
| Dorothy Kilgallen | United States | 8 November 1965 | Newspaper columnist and journalist | |
| Percy Lubbock | United Kingdom | 1 August 1965 | Essayist, critic, biographer | |
| W. Somerset Maugham | United Kingdom | 16 December 1965 | Novelist, dramatist, short story writer | Works |
| John Metcalfe | United States | 31 July 1965 | Novelist, short story writer | |
| Betty Miller | Ireland | 24 November 1965 | Writer, journalist, novelist | |
| Edgar Mittelholzer | Guyana, United Kingdom |
6 May 1965 | Novelist | |
| Fan S. Noli | Albania | 13 March 1965 | Bishop and poet | |
| Park Su-geun | South Korea | 6 May 1965 | Painter | Woman Pounding Grain, A Wash Place, Old Tree and Woman |
| Edogawa Ranpo | Japan | 28 July 1965 | Writer of mystery stories | |
| Syngman Rhee | South Korea | 19 July 1965 | President of South Korea | The Spirit of Independence |
| Aksel Sandemose | Denmark, Norway | 6 August 1965 | Novelist | |
| Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr. | United States | 30 October 1965 | Historian | |
| Jack Spicer | United States | 17 August 1965 | Poet | |
| Howard Spring | Wales | 3 May 1965 | Novelist | |
| T. S. Stribling | United States | 8 July 1965 | Novelist | |
| Jun'ichirō Tanizaki | Japan | 30 July 1965 | Novelist | |
| Yoon Yong-ha | South Korea | 23 July 1965 | Composer | Barley Field, The Leaf Boat, Gwangbokjeol song |
Countries with life + 60 years
In Bangladesh, India, and Venezuela a work enters the public domain 60 years after the creator's death.
Countries with life + 50 years
In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay, a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.
| Names | Country | Death | Occupation | Notable work |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alvah Bessie | United States | 21 July 1985 | Novelist, screenwriter | Objective, Burma! |
| László Bíró | Hungary | 24 October 1985 | Journalist, inventor | |
| Heinrich Böll | Germany | 16 July 1985 | Novelist and Nobel Laureate in Literature | |
| Fernand Braudel | France | 27 November 1985 | Historian | |
| Hedley Bull | United Kingdom | 18 May 1985 | Economist | |
| Basil Bunting | United Kingdom | 17 April 1985 | Poet | "Briggflatts" |
| Edward Buzzell | United States | 11 January 1985 | Film director | |
| Lucien Cailliet | France | 3 January 1985 | Composer, arranger, conductor | |
| Taylor Caldwell | United States | 30 August 1985 | Novelist | Dynasty of Death |
| Mihail Celarianu | Romania | 5 December 1985 | Poet, novelist | |
| James Hadley Chase | United Kingdom | 6 February 1985 | Thriller novelist | |
| Radha Krishna Choudhary | India | 15 March 1985 | Historian, philosopher | |
| Sigerson Clifford | Ireland | 1 January 1985 | Poet, playwright, civil servant | |
| Lester Cole | United States | 15 August 1985 | Screenwriter | |
| Nikos Engonopoulos | Greece | 31 October 1985 | Poet | |
| Robert Graves | United Kingdom | 7 December 1985 | Novelist, poet, critic | |
| Leonard Gribble | United Kingdom | 27 September 1985 | Novelist | The Arsenal Stadium Mystery |
| Geoffrey Grigson | United Kingdom | 25 November 1985 | Poet, critic | |
| Carl Joachim Hambro | Norway | 19 February 1985 | Novelist, essayist, philologist | |
| James Hanley | United Kingdom | 11 November 1985 | Novelist, dramatist | Boy, The Furys |
| Henry Hathaway | United States | 11 February 1985 | Filmmaker | |
| Alfred Hayes | United States | 14 August 1985 | Novelist, poet, screenwriter | "Joe Hill" |
| Hu Feng | China | 8 June 1985 | Novelist | |
| Lawrence Hauben | United States | 22 December 1985 | Screenwriter | One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest |
| Talbot Jennings | United States | 30 May 1985 | Screenwriter | Mutiny on the Bounty |
| Alex La Guma | South Africa | 11 October 1985 | Novelist, political activist | A Soviet Journey, Time of the Butcherbird |
| Philip Larkin | United Kingdom | 2 December 1985 | Poet | The Whitsun Weddings, High Windows |
| Saunders Lewis | Wales | 1 September 1985 | Writer, broadcaster | |
| Karl Julius Marx | Germany | 8 May 1985 | Composer, music teacher | |
| Uku Masing | Estonia | 25 April 1985 | Religious philosopher, linguist, writer | |
| Josephine Miles | United States | 12 May 1985 | Poet, literary critic | |
| Albert Maltz | United States | 26 April 1985 | Screenwriter | |
| Elsa Morante | Italy | 25 November 1985 | Novelist | La storia |
| Robert Nathan | United States | 25 May 1985 | Novelist, poet | The Bishop's Wife, Portrait of Jennie |
| D. J. Opperman | South Africa | 22 September 1985 | Poet | |
| Joe Oriolo | United States | 25 December 1985 | Animator | Casper the Friendly Ghost, Felix the Cat |
| Ernst Orvil | Norway | 16 June 1985 | Novelist, poet, playwright | |
| John Paxton | United States | 7 January 1985 | Screenwriter | Crossfire |
| Leslie Paul | Ireland | 8 July 1985 | Novelist | |
| Alexis Rannit | Estonia | 5 January 1985 | Poet, critic | |
| Kate Roberts | Wales | 14 April 1985 | Writer | Feet in Chains |
| Denise Robins | United Kingdom | 1 May 1985 | Romantic novelist | |
| Heinz Roemheld | United States | 11 February 1985 | Composer | |
| Hilding Rosenberg | Sweden | 18 May 1985 | Composer, conductor | |
| Fran Ross | United States | 17 September 1985 | Satirist | Oreo |
| Morrie Ryskind | United States | 24 August 1985 | Screenwriter | |
| Carl Schmitt | Germany | 7 April 1985 | Political theorist | |
| Roger Sessions | United States | 16 March 1985 | Composer | |
| Paul Smith | United States | 25 January 1985 | Composer | Incidental scores for The Walt Disney Studios |
| D. I. Suchianu | Romania | 17 April 1985 | Essayist, translator, social scientist, film theorist | |
| Diane Thomas | United States | October 21, 1985 | Screenwriter | Romancing the Stone |
| Wanda Tuchock | United States | February 10, 1985 | Film director and screenwriter | |
| Elwood Ullman | United States | October 11, 1985 | Screenwriter | The Three Stooges films |
| Hilda Vaughan | Wales | 4 November 1985 | Novelist, short story writer | |
| Tom Waldman | United States | 8 July 1985 | Film and television screenwriter | |
| J. M. Wallace-Hadrill | United Kingdom | 3 November 1985 | Historian | |
| Judah Waten | Australia | 29 July 1985 | Novelist | Alien Son, Distant Land |
| John Wexley | United States | 4 February 1985 | Playwright, screenwriter, novelist | |
| E. B. White | United States | 1 October 1985 | Children's book author, writer on style | |
| Sara Woods | United Kingdom | 6 November 1985 | Crime fiction writer |
Countries with life + 80 years
Spain has a copyright term of life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988.[4] In Colombia and Equatorial Guinea, a work enters the public domain 80 years after the creator's death.
| Names | Country | Death | Occupation | Notable work |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concha Espina | Spain | 19 May 1955 | Writer | Bibliography |
| José Ortega y Gasset | Spain | 18 October 1955 | Philosopher, Essayist | Works |
United States
Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1940, films released in 1940, and other works published in 1940 will enter the public domain in 2036.[5] Sound recordings published in 1935 and unpublished works whose authors died in 1965 will also enter the public domain.
Notable live-action films entering the public domain in 2036 include Alfred Hitchcock's Best Picture Academy Award winner Rebecca starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine, John Ford's adaptation of The Grapes of Wrath with Henry Fonda, George Cukor's The Philadelphia Story with Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn, Charlie Chaplin's satirical comedy The Great Dictator, Kitty Foyle starring Ginger Rogers, William Wyler's The Westerner with Gary Cooper, Preston Sturges' The Great McGinty, Walter Lang's Tin Pan Alley, Jack Conway's Boom Town with Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy, Cecil B. DeMille's North West Mounted Police, Busby Berkeley's Strike Up the Band with Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, The Fighting 69th starring James Cagney, Michael Curtiz's Santa Fe Trail with Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland, the British film The Thief of Bagdad (which is notable for its innovative use of the chroma key process), and Abbott and Costello's first film One Night in the Tropics. Significant animated films entering the public domain include Walt Disney's Pinocchio and Fantasia, A Wild Hare which launched the career of Bugs Bunny, Knock Knock with the debut of Woody Woodpecker, the first Tom and Jerry cartoon Puss Gets the Boot (with the characters under their respective initial identities as "Jasper and Jinx"), the Looney Tunes cartoon You Ought to Be in Pictures with Porky Pig and Daffy Duck, and the Donald Duck cartoon Mr. Duck Steps Out which marked the debut of the character Daisy Duck, the last member of Disney's "Sensational Six" to enter the public domain.
Among the literary works entering the public domain are Ernest Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, Agatha Christie's crime novels Sad Cypress and One, Two, Buckle My Shoe, Carson McCullers' novel The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, Raymond Chandler's novel Farewell, My Lovely, Graham Greene's novel The Power and the Glory, Richard Wright's novel Native Son, Bertolt Brecht's play Mr Puntila and his Man Matti in its original German, Dr. Seuss's Horton Hatches the Egg introducing its titular elephant character, C. S. Lewis's nonfiction work The Problem of Pain, the Hardy Boys novel The Disappearing Floor, the Nancy Drew novel The Mystery of the Brass Bound Trunk, and the first issues of science fiction magazine Fantastic Novels. The earliest iterations of DC Comics' characters Robin, The Joker, The Flash, and the Green Lantern will also enter the public domain.
Works of art entering the public domain include Fougasse's propaganda poster series Careless Talk Costs Lives, Salvador Dalí's paintings The Face of War and Slave Market with the Disappearing Bust of Voltaire, Edward Hopper's painting Gas, and Frida Kahlo's painting Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird.
Popular songs entering the public domain in 2036 include "Blueberry Hill", "Frenesi", "I'll Never Smile Again", "Only Forever", "Tuxedo Junction", and all of Woody Guthrie's songs from his album Dust Bowl Ballads. Additionally, the entry of Pinocchio will bring with it the film's entire soundtrack, including its signature song "When You Wish Upon a Star", the corporate anthem of Disney's company; while that of Fantasia will bring along the "Fantasound" recordings of all the classical pieces used in the film, which were performed by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra.
See also
- List of American films of 1940
- 1940 in literature
- 1940 in music
- 1965 in literature and 1985 in literature for deaths of writers
- Public Domain Day
- Creative Commons
References
- ^ Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998
- ^ "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
- ^ "EUR-Lex – 32006L0116 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual – Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
- ^ Hirtle, Peter B. (3 January 2020). "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Cornell University Library Copyright Information Center. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
External links
- "Authors by Year of Death – 1965". AuthorAndBookInfo.com.
- Popular Books of 1940 at Goodreads