2036 in public domain

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform. The following is a list of creators whose works enter the public domain in 2036 under the most common copyright regimes, assuming no further extensions to copyright terms become law in the interim.

Countries with life + 70 years

Except for Belarus (Life + 50 years)[1] and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime.[2][3] In addition, several other countries have a limit of 70 years. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Ahn Eak-tai South Korea 16 September 1965 Composer Aegukga, Symphonic Fantasy Korea
Katharine Anthony United States 20 November 1965 Biographer The Lambs
Jacques Audiberti France 10 July 1965 Playwright, poet, novelist
Martin Buber Austria, Israel 13 June 1965 Philosopher I and Thou
Thornton W. Burgess United States 5 June 1965 Children's book author
Winston Churchill United Kingdom 24 January 1965 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The Second World War, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples
Thomas B. Costain Canada, United States 8 October 1965 Journalist
Maria Dąbrowska Poland 19 May 1965 Novelist, essayist, playwright Noce i dnie
T. S. Eliot United Kingdom,
United States
4 January 1965 Poet, essayist, playwright Works
Walter Evans-Wentz United States 17 July 1965 Anthropologist English translation of The Tibetan Book of the Dead
Eleanor Farjeon United Kingdom 5 June 1965 Children's writer and poet "Morning Has Broken"
Lorraine Hansberry United States 12 January 1965 Journalist, playwright A Raisin in the Sun
John Davy Hayward United Kingdom 17 September 1965 Literary editor, bibliophile
Shirley Jackson United States 8 August 1965 Novelist, short story writer "The Lottery", Life Among the Savages, The Haunting of Hill House
Randall Jarrell United States 14 October 1965 Poet, novelist Pictures from an Institution
Dorothy Kilgallen United States 8 November 1965 Newspaper columnist and journalist
Percy Lubbock United Kingdom 1 August 1965 Essayist, critic, biographer
W. Somerset Maugham United Kingdom 16 December 1965 Novelist, dramatist, short story writer Works
John Metcalfe United States 31 July 1965 Novelist, short story writer
Betty Miller Ireland 24 November 1965 Writer, journalist, novelist
Edgar Mittelholzer Guyana,
United Kingdom
6 May 1965 Novelist
Fan S. Noli Albania 13 March 1965 Bishop and poet
Park Su-geun South Korea 6 May 1965 Painter Woman Pounding Grain, A Wash Place, Old Tree and Woman
Edogawa Ranpo Japan 28 July 1965 Writer of mystery stories
Syngman Rhee South Korea 19 July 1965 President of South Korea The Spirit of Independence
Aksel Sandemose Denmark, Norway 6 August 1965 Novelist
Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr. United States 30 October 1965 Historian
Jack Spicer United States 17 August 1965 Poet
Howard Spring Wales 3 May 1965 Novelist
T. S. Stribling United States 8 July 1965 Novelist
Jun'ichirō Tanizaki Japan 30 July 1965 Novelist
Yoon Yong-ha South Korea 23 July 1965 Composer Barley Field, The Leaf Boat, Gwangbokjeol song

Countries with life + 60 years

In Bangladesh, India, and Venezuela a work enters the public domain 60 years after the creator's death.

Countries with life + 50 years

In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay, a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Alvah Bessie United States 21 July 1985 Novelist, screenwriter Objective, Burma!
László Bíró Hungary 24 October 1985 Journalist, inventor
Heinrich Böll Germany 16 July 1985 Novelist and Nobel Laureate in Literature
Fernand Braudel France 27 November 1985 Historian
Hedley Bull United Kingdom 18 May 1985 Economist
Basil Bunting United Kingdom 17 April 1985 Poet "Briggflatts"
Edward Buzzell United States 11 January 1985 Film director
Lucien Cailliet France 3 January 1985 Composer, arranger, conductor
Taylor Caldwell United States 30 August 1985 Novelist Dynasty of Death
Mihail Celarianu Romania 5 December 1985 Poet, novelist
James Hadley Chase United Kingdom 6 February 1985 Thriller novelist
Radha Krishna Choudhary India 15 March 1985 Historian, philosopher
Sigerson Clifford Ireland 1 January 1985 Poet, playwright, civil servant
Lester Cole United States 15 August 1985 Screenwriter
Nikos Engonopoulos Greece 31 October 1985 Poet
Robert Graves United Kingdom 7 December 1985 Novelist, poet, critic
Leonard Gribble United Kingdom 27 September 1985 Novelist The Arsenal Stadium Mystery
Geoffrey Grigson United Kingdom 25 November 1985 Poet, critic
Carl Joachim Hambro Norway 19 February 1985 Novelist, essayist, philologist
James Hanley United Kingdom 11 November 1985 Novelist, dramatist Boy, The Furys
Henry Hathaway United States 11 February 1985 Filmmaker
Alfred Hayes United States 14 August 1985 Novelist, poet, screenwriter "Joe Hill"
Hu Feng China 8 June 1985 Novelist
Lawrence Hauben United States 22 December 1985 Screenwriter One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Talbot Jennings United States 30 May 1985 Screenwriter Mutiny on the Bounty
Alex La Guma South Africa 11 October 1985 Novelist, political activist A Soviet Journey, Time of the Butcherbird
Philip Larkin United Kingdom 2 December 1985 Poet The Whitsun Weddings, High Windows
Saunders Lewis Wales 1 September 1985 Writer, broadcaster
Karl Julius Marx Germany 8 May 1985 Composer, music teacher
Uku Masing Estonia 25 April 1985 Religious philosopher, linguist, writer
Josephine Miles United States 12 May 1985 Poet, literary critic
Albert Maltz United States 26 April 1985 Screenwriter
Elsa Morante Italy 25 November 1985 Novelist La storia
Robert Nathan United States 25 May 1985 Novelist, poet The Bishop's Wife, Portrait of Jennie
D. J. Opperman South Africa 22 September 1985 Poet
Joe Oriolo United States 25 December 1985 Animator Casper the Friendly Ghost, Felix the Cat
Ernst Orvil Norway 16 June 1985 Novelist, poet, playwright
John Paxton United States 7 January 1985 Screenwriter Crossfire
Leslie Paul Ireland 8 July 1985 Novelist
Alexis Rannit Estonia 5 January 1985 Poet, critic
Kate Roberts Wales 14 April 1985 Writer Feet in Chains
Denise Robins United Kingdom 1 May 1985 Romantic novelist
Heinz Roemheld United States 11 February 1985 Composer
Hilding Rosenberg Sweden 18 May 1985 Composer, conductor
Fran Ross United States 17 September 1985 Satirist Oreo
Morrie Ryskind United States 24 August 1985 Screenwriter
Carl Schmitt Germany 7 April 1985 Political theorist
Roger Sessions United States 16 March 1985 Composer
Paul Smith United States 25 January 1985 Composer Incidental scores for The Walt Disney Studios
D. I. Suchianu Romania 17 April 1985 Essayist, translator, social scientist, film theorist
Diane Thomas United States October 21, 1985 Screenwriter Romancing the Stone
Wanda Tuchock United States February 10, 1985 Film director and screenwriter
Elwood Ullman United States October 11, 1985 Screenwriter The Three Stooges films
Hilda Vaughan Wales 4 November 1985 Novelist, short story writer
Tom Waldman United States 8 July 1985 Film and television screenwriter
J. M. Wallace-Hadrill United Kingdom 3 November 1985 Historian
Judah Waten Australia 29 July 1985 Novelist Alien Son, Distant Land
John Wexley United States 4 February 1985 Playwright, screenwriter, novelist
E. B. White United States 1 October 1985 Children's book author, writer on style
Sara Woods United Kingdom 6 November 1985 Crime fiction writer

Countries with life + 80 years

Spain has a copyright term of life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988.[4] In Colombia and Equatorial Guinea, a work enters the public domain 80 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Concha Espina Spain 19 May 1955 Writer Bibliography
José Ortega y Gasset Spain 18 October 1955 Philosopher, Essayist Works

United States

Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1940, films released in 1940, and other works published in 1940 will enter the public domain in 2036.[5] Sound recordings published in 1935 and unpublished works whose authors died in 1965 will also enter the public domain.

Notable live-action films entering the public domain in 2036 include Alfred Hitchcock's Best Picture Academy Award winner Rebecca starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine, John Ford's adaptation of The Grapes of Wrath with Henry Fonda, George Cukor's The Philadelphia Story with Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn, Charlie Chaplin's satirical comedy The Great Dictator, Kitty Foyle starring Ginger Rogers, William Wyler's The Westerner with Gary Cooper, Preston Sturges' The Great McGinty, Walter Lang's Tin Pan Alley, Jack Conway's Boom Town with Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy, Cecil B. DeMille's North West Mounted Police, Busby Berkeley's Strike Up the Band with Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, The Fighting 69th starring James Cagney, Michael Curtiz's Santa Fe Trail with Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland, the British film The Thief of Bagdad (which is notable for its innovative use of the chroma key process), and Abbott and Costello's first film One Night in the Tropics. Significant animated films entering the public domain include Walt Disney's Pinocchio and Fantasia, A Wild Hare which launched the career of Bugs Bunny, Knock Knock with the debut of Woody Woodpecker, the first Tom and Jerry cartoon Puss Gets the Boot (with the characters under their respective initial identities as "Jasper and Jinx"), the Looney Tunes cartoon You Ought to Be in Pictures with Porky Pig and Daffy Duck, and the Donald Duck cartoon Mr. Duck Steps Out which marked the debut of the character Daisy Duck, the last member of Disney's "Sensational Six" to enter the public domain.

Among the literary works entering the public domain are Ernest Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, Agatha Christie's crime novels Sad Cypress and One, Two, Buckle My Shoe, Carson McCullers' novel The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, Raymond Chandler's novel Farewell, My Lovely, Graham Greene's novel The Power and the Glory, Richard Wright's novel Native Son, Bertolt Brecht's play Mr Puntila and his Man Matti in its original German, Dr. Seuss's Horton Hatches the Egg introducing its titular elephant character, C. S. Lewis's nonfiction work The Problem of Pain, the Hardy Boys novel The Disappearing Floor, the Nancy Drew novel The Mystery of the Brass Bound Trunk, and the first issues of science fiction magazine Fantastic Novels. The earliest iterations of DC Comics' characters Robin, The Joker, The Flash, and the Green Lantern will also enter the public domain.

Works of art entering the public domain include Fougasse's propaganda poster series Careless Talk Costs Lives, Salvador Dalí's paintings The Face of War and Slave Market with the Disappearing Bust of Voltaire, Edward Hopper's painting Gas, and Frida Kahlo's painting Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird.

Popular songs entering the public domain in 2036 include "Blueberry Hill", "Frenesi", "I'll Never Smile Again", "Only Forever", "Tuxedo Junction", and all of Woody Guthrie's songs from his album Dust Bowl Ballads. Additionally, the entry of Pinocchio will bring with it the film's entire soundtrack, including its signature song "When You Wish Upon a Star", the corporate anthem of Disney's company; while that of Fantasia will bring along the "Fantasound" recordings of all the classical pieces used in the film, which were performed by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra.

See also

References

  1. ^ Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998
  2. ^ "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  3. ^ "EUR-Lex – 32006L0116 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  4. ^ "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual – Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  5. ^ Hirtle, Peter B. (3 January 2020). "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Cornell University Library Copyright Information Center. Retrieved 17 December 2020.