2006 in public domain

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of works that entered the public domain in 2006. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.

Entered the public domain in countries with life + 70 years

With the exception of Belarus (Life + 50 years) and Spain (Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime.[1][2] The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator that entered the public domain on January 1, 2006.

Names Country Birth Death Occupation Notable work
Lewis Grassic Gibbon United Kingdom 13 February 1901 7 February 1935 novelist. A Scots Quair, Spartacus
Ioan Bianu Romania 1856 13 February 1935 philologist and bibliographer. Bibliografia Românească veche (1508–1830), Catalogul manuscriselor românești din Biblioteca Academiei
Vernon Lee United Kingdom 14 October 1856 13 February 1935 writer of supernatural fiction, essayist on aesthetics. Studies of the Eighteenth Century in Italy, Euphorion: Being Studies of the Antique and the Mediaeval in the Renaissance
Tsubouchi Shōyō Japan 22 May 1859 28 February 1935 playwright, novelist, translator Kiri Hitoha (A Paulownia Leaf), Hototogisu Kojō no Rakugetsu (The Sinking Moon over the Lonely Castle Where the Cuckoo Cries)
Edwin Arlington Robinson United States 22 December 1869 6 April 1935 playwright, poet Children of The Night, The Man Who Died Twice
Anna Katharine Green United States 11 November 1846 11 April 1935 detective novelist, poet The Leavenworth Case, Marked "Personal"
Panait Istrati Romania 10 August 1884 16 April 1935 short story writer Les Récits d'Adrien Zograffi (The Stories of Adrian Zografi), Adolescence d'Adrien Zograffi (Adolescence of Adrian Zografi)
T. E. Lawrence United Kingdom 16 August 1888 19 May 1935 autobiographer Seven Pillars of Wisdom, The Mint
Kaitarō Hasegawa Japan 17 January 1900 29 June 1935 novelist, translator Jappu shobai orai (A Jap Businessman's Guide), Tange Sazen
George William Russell Ireland 10 April 1867 17 July 1935 poet, painter, literary critic, writer on mysticism Candle of Vision: Autobiography of a Mystic, The National Being: Some Thoughts on an Irish Polity
William Watson United Kingdom 2 August 1858 11 August 1935 poet The Purple East: A Series Of Sonnets On England's Desertion of Armenia, The Superhuman Antagonists and Other Poems
Charlotte Perkins Gilman United States 3 July 1860 17 August 1935 novelist, short story writer, magazine editor The Yellow Wallpaper, Herland
Henri Barbusse France 17 May 1873 30 August 1935 novelist, short story writer, poet Under Fire, Hell
Iván Persa Slovenia 2 April 1861 26 September 1935 religious writer Od vnouge i velke miloscse i pomoucsi szvétoga skapulera
Winifred Holtby United Kingdom 2 April 1898 29 September 1935 novelist, poet, non-fiction writer South Riding, Women and a changing civilization
Steele Rudd Australia 14 November 1868 11 October 1935 short story writer, novelist On Our Selection, The Romance of Runnibede
Ella Loraine Dorsey United States 2 March 1853 3 November 1935 writer of young adult fiction, translator, encyclopedia contributor The Knickerbocker Ghost, The Tsar's Horses
Mary R. P. Hatch United States 19 June 1848 28 November 1935 novelist, poet The Upland mystery : a tragedy of New England, The bank tragedy : a novel
Louise Manning Hodgkins United States 5 August 1846 28 November 1935 educational writer, editor, historian on religious history A Guide to the study of nineteenth century authors, Via Christi : an introduction to the study of missions
Mary G. Charlton Edholm United States 28 October 1854 29 November 1935 journalist, editor, non-fiction writer on sex trafficking The Traffic in Girls and Florence Crittenton Missions, Shall our Women Vote?
Fernando Pessoa Portugal 13 June 1888 30 November 1935 poet, literary critic, translator, philosopher Mensagem, The Book of Disquiet
Stanley G. Weinbaum United States 4 April 1902 14 December 1935 science fiction writer A Martian Odyssey, Valley of Dreams
Lizette Woodworth Reese United States 9 January 1856 17 December 1935 poet A Victorian Village: Reminiscences of Other Days, The Old House in the Country
Kurt Tucholsky Germany 9 January 1890 21 December 1935 political writer, satirist, essayist Rheinsberg, Schloss Gripsholm
Clarence Day United States 18 November 1874 28 December 1935 comic writer, cartoonist Life with Father, God and my Father

Entered the public domain in countries with life + 50 years

In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, Canada, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay; a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Birth Death Occupation Notable work
Fik Abbing Netherlands 8 May 1901 12 August 1955 Painter, Illustrator Works
Dmytro Abramovych Soviet Union 7 August 1873 4 March 1955 Historian, writer Kyiv Caves Patericon (editor)
Eugene Agafonoff Russian Empire
United States 		2 October 1879 20 April 1955 Painter Portrait of B. K. Rudniev
James Agee United States 27 November 1909 16 May 1955 Novelist, Journalist, Poet, Screenwriter A Death in the Family, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men
Silvio D'Amico Italy 3 February 1887 1 April 1955 Theatre theorist
Opanas Andriievskyi Ukraine 1878 16 May 1955 Politician Ukrainian Nationalism, 1917—1919
Viktor Averin Soviet Union 18 October 1885 27 December 1955 Zoologist On the ornithology of the Kharkov province
Ruby M. Ayres United Kingdom 28 January 1881 14 November 1955 Romance novelist Richard Chatterton, V.C., Castles in Spain, and other books
Johannes Baader Germany 21 June 1875 14 January 1955 Writer, Artist, Architect
Lloyd Bacon United States 4 December 1889 15 November 1955 Actor, Film director Filmography as director
Guido Battelli Italy 24 September 1869 13 April 1955 Writer Works
Leonid Biletskyi Ukraine
Canada 		17 June 1882 5 February 1955 Literary scholar Fundamentals of the Ukrainian Literary and Scholarly Criticism
Yulii Brashchaiko Ukraine
Soviet Union 		19 April 1879 9 October 1955 Politician What I saw in Transcarpathia from 1918 to 1946
Gilbert Cannan United Kingdom 25 June 1884 30 June 1955 Novelist, dramatist The Release of the Soul, Windmills: A Book of Fables
Dale Carnegie United States 24 November 1888 1 November 1955 Writer on self-help How to Win Friends and Influence People, How to Stop Worrying and Start Living
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin France 1 May 1881 10 April 1955 Jesuit priest, Scientist, Paleontologist, Theologian, Philosopher The Phenomenon of Man, Writings in Time of War
Beatrice Chase United Kingdom 5 July 1874 3 July 1955 Novelist, religious writer, photographer The Voice of the River, The Heart of the Moor
Eugenio Cirese Italy 21 February 1884 8 February 1955 Poet Works
Paul Claudel France 6 August 1868 23 February 1955 Poet, Dramatist The Satin Slipper, Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher, and other works
Robert P. T. Coffin United States 18 March 1892 20 January 1955 Poet, literary critic, editor The Dukes of Buckingham, Playboys of the Stuart World, Red Sky in the Morning
Jim Corbett British India 25 July 1875 19 April 1955 Naturalist, writer Man-Eaters of Kumaon
Donald Corley United States 8 June 1886 11 December 1955 Short story author, illustrator, architect
Alfredo Cuscinà Italy 30 November 1881 30 March 1955 Composer Main operettas
William C. deMille United States 25 July 1878 5 March 1955 Screenwriter, Film director Filmography
Pavlo Dolyna Soviet Union 12 November 1884 15 September 1955 Director Storm
Isaak Dunayevsky Soviet Union 30 January 1900 25 July 1955 Composer Wide is My Motherland, Moya Moskva
Mykola Duzhyi Ukraine
Soviet Union 		13 December 1901 18 May 1955 Politician, essayist The ideological and political face of VKP(b) and VLKSM
Mary Tracy Earle United States 21 October 1864 7 September 1955 Short story writer, essayist, librarian The Wonderful Wheel, Through Old Rose Glasses
Albert Einstein Germany
United States 		14 March 1879 18 April 1955 Theoretical physicist Scientific publications, The Evolution of Physics, The Meaning of Relativity
George Enescu Romania 19 August 1881 4 May 1955 Composer Compositions
Adalbert Erdeli Soviet Union
Ukraine
Hungary 		25 May 1891 19 September 1955 Painter, sculptor River in Uzhhorod
Concha Espina Spain 15 April 1879 19 May 1955 Writer Bibliography
Émile Fabre France 24 March 1869 25 September 1955 Playwright Plays
Joseph Jefferson Farjeon United Kingdom 4 June 1883 6 June 1955 Novelist, Playwright, Screenwriter Number 17, The Z Murders, and other works
Nicolai Fechin Russian Empire
United States 		8 December 1881 5 October 1955 Painter Portrait of Jack Hunter
Sári Fedák Hungary 27 September 1899 5 May 1955 Singer
Alexander Fleming United Kingdom 6 August 1881 11 March 1955 Physician On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium (...)
José Ortega y Gasset Spain 9 May 1883 18 October 1955 Philosopher, Essayist The Revolt of the Masses, The Dehumanization of Art, and other works
Calouste Gulbenkian Armenia
United Kingdom 		23 March 1869 20 July 1955 Businessman, philanthropist La Transcaucasie et la péninsule d'Apchéron; souvenirs de voyage
Rodolfo Graziani Italy 11 August 1882 11 January 1955 General Books
Yurii Hoida Soviet Union 15 March 1919 2 June 1955 Writer, translator Hungarian Melodies
Constance Holme United Kingdom 7 October 1880 17 June 1955 Novelist, playwright The Old Road from Spain, The Wisdom of the Simple and Other Stories
Arthur Honegger  Switzerland 10 March 1892 27 November 1955 Composer Compositions
Clemence Housman United Kingdom 23 November 1861 6 December 1955 Author
María Izquierdo Mexico 30 October 1902 2 December 1955 Painter
Herbert Stanley Jevons UK 8 October 1875 27 June 1955 Economist
James P. Johnson United States 1 February 1894 17 November 1955 Composer, pianist Charleston
Emma Jung  Switzerland 30 March 1882 27 November 1955 Psychologist, writer Animus and Anima
Mihály Károlyi Hungary 4 March 1875 19 March 1955 Politician Memoirs: Faith without Illusion
Stepan Kolesnikoff Russian Empire
Yugoslavia 		23 July 1879 27 May 1955 Painter, sculptor On the Seashore
Nikolay Krylov Soviet Union 29 November 1879 11 May 1955 Mathematician Les Méthodes de Solution Approchée des Problèmes de la Physique Mathématique
Bohdan Kryzhanivskyi Soviet Union 24 August 1894 20 April 1955 Composer Danylo Halytskyi
Fernand Léger France 4 February 1881 17 August 1955 Painter, Sculptor, Filmmaker
Anastasiia Levytska Soviet Union 16 November 1899 6 November 1955 Singer
Roger Mais Jamaica 11 August 1905 21 June 1955 Novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright The Hills Were Joyful Together, Brother Man
Juliusz Makarewicz Poland 5 May 1875 20 April 1955 Lawyer Prawo karne: wykład porównawczy z uwzględnieniem prawa obowiązującego w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Thomas Mann Germany 6 June 1875 12 August 1955 Novelist, philosopher, essayist Buddenbrooks, Doctor Faustus, and other works
Carl Milles Sweden 23 June 1875 19 September 1955 Sculptor Works
Carmen Miranda Portugal
Brazil 		9 February 1909 5 August 1955 Singer O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?
António Egas Moniz Portugal 29 November 1874 13 December 1955 Neurologist Prefrontal leucotomy. Surgical treatment of certain psychoses
Adrienne Monnier France 26 April 1892 19 June 1955 Writer, publisher, translator Souvenirs de Londres, Rue de l'Odéon
Luka Myshuha Ukraine
United States 		13 October 1887 8 February 1955 Historian, journalist What Are the Courts Like Today in Ukraine?
Garegin Nzhdeh Armenia 1 January 1886 21 December 1955 Statesman, writer Pages from my diary, An open letter to the Armenian intelligentsia
Jaime Ovalle Brazil 5 August 1894 9 September 1955 Composer Works
Alexandros Papagos Greece 9 December 1883 4 October 1955 General The battle for Greece
Charlie Parker United States 29 August 1920 12 March 1955 Saxophonist
Max Pechstein Germany 31 December 1881 29 June 1955 Painter
Francesco Balilla Pratella Italy 1 February 1880 17 May 1955 Composer Selected Works
Herbert Putnam United States 20 September 1861 14 August 1955 Librarian Putnam Classification System
Mahammad Amin Rasulzade Azerbaijan 31 January 1884 6 March 1955 Politician, playwright Siyavush of our century
Oleksii Riabov Soviet Union 17 March 1899 18 December 1955 Composer Wedding in Malinovka (operetta)
Robert Riskin United States 30 March 1897 20 September 1955 Screenwriter, Playwright Bless You Sister, Many a Slip, and other films
Helena Roerich Russia 12 February 1879 5 October 1955 Philosopher, writer The Holy Scripture of Agni Yoga
Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria Germany 18 May 1869 2 August 1955 General, prince My War Diary
Ango Sakaguchi Japan 20 October 1906 17 February 1955 Writer Darakuron, Kazehakase
Volodymyr Savchenko-Bilskyi Ukraine 14 July 1867 21 September 1955 Admiral Military fleet of Ukraine
Nat Schachner United States 16 January 1895 2 October 1955 Author and biographer Space Lawyer
Charles Shaw Australia 10 August 1900 1 August 1955 Detective novelist, short story writer Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison and You're Wrong, Delaney
Robert E. Sherwood United States 4 April 1896 14 November 1955 Screenwriter, playwright Waterloo Bridge, Idiot's Delight
Nicolas de Staël France 5 January 1914 16 March 1955 Painter
Rainer Stahel Germany 15 January 1892 30 November 1955 General Das 1. Lothringische Infanterie-Regiment Nr 130 (...)
Al. T. Stamatiad Romania 9 May 1885 December 1955 Poet, short story writer, dramatist, translator Noapte, Cetatea cu porțile închise
Wallace Stevens United States 2 October 1879 2 August 1955 Modernist poet The Auroras of Autumn, Harmonium, The Man with the Blue Guitar
Yves Tanguy France 5 January 1900 15 January 1955 Painter Paintings
Yevgeny Tarle Soviet Union 27 October 1874 6 January 1955 Historian Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, 1812
Tin Ujević Croatia 5 July 1891 12 November 1955 Poet Mrsko ja, Ispit savjesti, and other works
Maurice Utrillo France 26 December 1883 5 November 1955 Painter
Edouard Verschaffelt Belgium 1874 1955 Painter
Anwar Wagdi Egypt 11 October 1904 14 May 1955 Director The Flirtation of Girls
Léon Werth France 17 February 1878 13 December 1955 Writer Books
Hermann Weyl Germany 9 November 1885 8 December 1955 Mathematician, Theoretical physicist, Philosopher Bibliography
Alexander Wienerberger Austria 8 December 1891 5 January 1955 Photographer, engineer Photographic evidence of Holodomor
Andrii Yakovliv Ukraine 11 December 1872 14 May 1955 Politician, lawyer Ukrainian-Muscovite Treaties of the 17th–18th Centuries

Entering the public domain in the United States

See also: Public domain in the United States

In the United States, the copyright status of works extends for the life of the author or artists, plus 70 years.[3][4] If the work is owned by a corporation, then the copyright extends 95 years.[5]

Due to the passing of the Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act) in 1998, no new works would enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  2. ^ Directive 2006/116/EC
  3. ^ "What Could Have Entered the Public Domain | Duke University School of Law".
  4. ^ "S.505 - One Hundred Fifth Congress of the United States of America at the Session Session. An act to amend the provisions of title 17, United States Code, with respect to the duration of copyright, and for other purposes" (PDF). U.S. Copyright Office.
  5. ^ "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States | Copyright Information Center".
  6. ^ "United States Copyright Law". Archived from the original on 2014-08-01. Retrieved 2012-06-02.


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