2031 in public domain

The literature of Albert Camus (left) and Boris Pasternak (right) will enter the public domain in Europe in 2031.

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform. The following is a list of creators whose works enter the public domain in 2031 under the most common copyright regimes, assuming no further extensions to copyright terms become law in the interim.

Countries with life + 70 years

Except for Belarus (Life + 50 years)[1] and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime.[2][3] In addition, several other countries have a limit of 70 years. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Chris van Abkoude Netherlands 2 January 1960 Writer, Novelist Pietje Bell
Vai. Mu. Kothainayaki Ammal India 20 February 1960 Novelist
Lady Cynthia Asquith United Kingdom 31 March 1960 Author and editor This Mortal Coil
Rajshekhar Basu India 27 April 1960 Chemist
Eric Temple Bell United Kingdom
United States
21 December 1960 Mathematician and science fiction writer
Albert Camus France 4 January 1960 Philosopher, author The Stranger
A. Chakravarti India 10 February 1960 Professor
Indira Devi Chaudhurani India 12 August 1960 Musician
Sudhindranath Dutta India 25 June 1960 Poet, journalist
Victor Rousseau Emanuel United Kingdom 6 April 1960 Author
John Russell Fearn United Kingdom 18 September 1960 Author
M. Raghava Iyengar India 1960 Literary scholar
Albert Kesselring Germany 16 July 1960 General Soldat bis zum letzten Tag
Jigar Moradabadi India 9 September 1960 Poet Yeh Hai Maikada
Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen India 29 April 1960 Poet, journalist, activist
Elsie J. Oxenham United Kingdom 9 January 1960 Children's novelist Abbey Series of books
Boris Pasternak Russia 30 May 1960 Poet, author Doctor Zhivago
Eden Phillpotts United Kingdom 29 December 1960 Author, poet and dramatist The Farmer's Wife
Kesari Balakrishna Pillai India 18 December 1960 Literary critic, journalist Kesari
Nathuram Premi India 30 January 1960 Poet, publisher
Navaratna Rama Rao India 1960 Political leader, scholar
Sushila Samad India 10 December 1960 Poet, journalist
Sripada Krishnamurty Sastry India 29 December 1960 Poet Mahamahopadhyaya
Kshitimohan Sen India 12 March 1960 Professor
Acharya Chatursen Shastri India 2 February 1960 Writer Dharamputra
Krishnalal Shridharani India 23 July 1960 Poet, playwright
Nevil Shute United Kingdom 12 January 1960 Aeronautical engineer, novelist On the Beach
Victor Sjöström Sweden 3 January 1960 Film director, actor The Phantom Carriage
C. J. Thomas India 14 July 1960 Playwright, academic, artist
Dadasaheb Torne India 19 January 1960 Film director Shree Pundalik

Countries with life + 60 years

In Bangladesh, India, and Venezuela a work enters the public domain 60 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Abdul Hosein Amini Iran 3 July 1970 Theologian Al-Ghadir
Rita Angus New Zealand 25 January 1970 Painter Cass
Shmuel Yosef Agnon Israel 17 February 1970 Writer The Bridal Canopy
Fernando Arbello Puerto Rico 26 July 1970 Musician
Otto Baecker Germany 22 May 1970 Cinematographer Gold
Archibald Baxter New Zealand 10 August 1970 Socialist, pacifist We Will Not Cease
William Beaudine United States 18 March 1970 Film director, actor Boys Will Be Boys
George Blair United States 19 April 1970 Film Director
R. V. C. Bodley United Kingdom 26 May 1970 Army officer, author Algeria From Within
Louise Bogan United States 4 February 1970 Poet Body of This Death
Vera Brittain United Kingdom 29 March 1970 Writer Testament of Youth
William J. Brown United States 4 February 1970 Architect
Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour Tunisia 20 April 1970 Theologian Works
Dulce Carman New Zealand 1970 Author Neath the Maori Moon
Rudolf Carnap Germany 14 September 1970 Philosopher Der Logische Aufbau der Welt
Choe Hyeon-bae South Korea 23 March 1970 Educationalist Selected publications
Émile Coderre Canada 6 April 1970 Poet Works
Charles Cotton New Zealand 29 June 1970 Geologist Geomorphology of New Zealand
Mohamed Abdelaziz Djaït Tunisia 5 January 1970 Theologian Works
William Dobell Australia 13 May 1970 Artist Mr Joshua Smith
Guy Endore United States 12 February 1970 Author, screenwriter The Werewolf of Paris
E. M. Forster United Kingdom 7 June 1970 Writer Works
Babbis Friis-Baastad Norway 10 January 1970 Children's writer Ikke ta Bamse
Erle Stanley Gardner United States 11 March 1970 Author, lawyer Perry Mason series of books
Maurice Gemayel Lebanon 31 October 1970 Politician Tripoli and Decentralization
L. Wolfe Gilbert United States 12 July 1970 Songwriter Down Yonder
Rube Goldberg United States 7 December 1970 Cartoonist, News reporter, Sculptor, Engineer
John Gunther United States 29 May 1970 Author Death Be Not Proud
Muhsin al-Hakim Iraq 1970 Theologian Minhaj as-Saleheen
Alice Hamilton United States 22 September 1970 Physician, research scientist Industrial Poisons in the United States
Lawren Harris Canada 29 January 1970 Painter
Marlen Haushofer Austria 21 March 1970 Writer
Erich Heckel Germany 27 January 1970 Artist Roquairol
Jimi Hendrix United States 18 September 1970 Musician, singer-songwriter "Purple Haze"
Roman Ingarden Poland 14 June 1970 Philosopher The Literary Work of Art
Michał Kalecki Poland 18 April 1970 Economist Próba teorii koniunktury
William Archibald Mackintosh Canada 29 December 1970 Economist Economic Problems Of The Prairie Provinces
Leopoldo Marechal Argentina 26 June 1970 Writer Adam Buenosayres
François Mauriac France 1 September 1970 Writer Thérèse Desqueyroux
Bruce McLaren New Zealand 2 June 1970 Racing car driver Bruce McLaren: From the Cockpit
Yukio Mishima Japan 25 November 1970 Novelist, playwright, poet, writer, essayist, critic Works
Gamal Abdel Nasser Egypt 28 September 1970 Politician Philosophy of Revolution
Charles Olson United States 10 January 1970 Poet Works
John Dos Passos United States 28 September 1970 Novelist U.S.A. trilogy
Waldo Peirce United States 8 March 1970 Painter Legends of the Hudson
Vladimir Propp Russia 22 August 1970 Folklorist Morphology of the Tale
Alf Prøysen Norway 23 November 1970 Musician, Writer, Composer Works
Erich Maria Remarque Germany 25 September 1970 Novelist All Quiet on the Western Front
Ali Riahi Tunisia 27 March 1970 Musician
Gonzalo Roig Cuba 13 June 1970 Composer Cecilia Valdés
Mark Rothko United States 25 February 1970 Abstract painter Black on Maroon
Bertrand Russell United Kingdom 2 February 1970 Philosopher, mathematician Principia Mathematica
Nelly Sachs German Empire
Sweden
12 May 1970 Poet, Writer Works
Ruth Sawyer United States 3 June 1970 Writer Roller Skates
Slim Harpo United States 31 January 1970 Blues Musician I'm a King Bee
William Stewart Wallace Canada 11 March 1970 Historian Encyclopedia of Canada
Hassan Taqizadeh Iran 28 January 1970 Politician Old Iranian Calendars
Sophie Treadwell United States 20 February 1970 Playwright Machinal
Jacob Viner Canada 12 September 1970 Economist Works
Otto Heinrich Warburg Germany 1 August 1970 Physiologist The Metabolism of Tumours
Leonard Wild New Zealand 23 July 1970 Agricultural scientist, writer An Experiment in Self-government, Soils and Manures in New Zealand
Harry M. Woods United States 14 January 1970 Songwriter When the Red, Red Robin (Comes Bob, Bob, Bobbin' Along)
Abraham Zapruder United States 30 August 1970 Clothing manufacturer Zapruder film
Mahmoud Zulfikar Egypt 22 May 1970 Director Filmography

Countries with life + 50 years

In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay, a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Joy Adamson Kenya 3 January 1980 Conservationist, writer Born Free
Todhunter Ballard United States 27 December 1980 Genre novelist
Roland Barthes France 25 March 1980 Literary theorist Mythologies, "The Death of the Author"
Patrick Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy Ireland 9 November 1980 Journalist, humorist
Alejo Carpentier Cuba 24 April 1980 Novelist, writer The Kingdom of this World
Amy Clarke United Kingdom 20 June 1980 Mystical poet
Margaret Cole United Kingdom 7 May 1980 Political writer, biographer, activist
John Collier United Kingdom 6 April 1980 Short story writer
Marc Connelly United States 21 December 1980 Playwright
Sam Cree Northern Ireland 26 October 1980 Playwright
Gareth Evans United Kingdom 10 August 1980 Philosopher
George Sutherland Fraser Scotland 3 January 1980 Poet, critic
Romain Gary France 2 December 1980 Novelist Les Racines du ciel, La Vie devant soi
Jacky Gillott United Kingdom 19 September 1980 Novelist
Salvator Gotta Italy 7 June 1980 Writer
Traian Herseni Romania 17 July 1980 Social scientist, journalist
P. M. Hubbard United Kingdom 17 March 1980 Crime writer
Idris Jamma' Sudan 27 March 1980 Poet
John Lennon United Kingdom 8 December 1980 Musician, songwriter, author Discography
Olivia Manning United Kingdom 23 July 1980 Novelist, poet Fortunes of War
Marshall McLuhan Canada 31 December 1980 Philosopher Works
Carey McWilliams United States 27 June 1980 Author, editor, lawyer
David Mercer United Kingdom 8 August 1980 Dramatist
Henry Miller United States 7 June 1980 Novelist Works
Vinicius de Moraes Brazil 9 July 1980 Poet, songwriter
Katherine Anne Porter United States 18 September 1980 Novelist, essayist
Marin Preda Romania 16 May 1980 Novelist Moromeții, Cel mai iubit dintre pământeni
Caradog Prichard Wales 25 February 1980 Poet, novelist Un Nos Ola Leuad
Barbara Pym United Kingdom 11 January 1980 Novelist
Irene Rathbone United Kingdom 21 January 1980 Novelist
Mart Raud Estonia 6 July 1980 Poet, playwright, writer
Nelson Rodrigues Brazil 21 December 1980 Playwright, journalist, novelist
Jean-Paul Sartre France 15 April 1980 Philosopher, novelist, dramatist
Nichita Smochină Transnistria 14 December 1980 Ethnographer, journalist
C. P. Snow United Kingdom 1 July 1980 Novelist, scientist Strangers and Brothers, The Two Cultures
Eugeniu Ștefănescu-Est Romania 12 March 1980 Poet, novelist, cartoonist
Ben Travers United Kingdom 18 December 1980 Playwright, screenwriter, novelist
Kenneth Tynan United Kingdom 26 July 1980 Theater critic
Marie Under Estonia 25 September 1980 Poet
James Wright United States 25 March 1980 Poet The Branch Will Not Break

Countries with life + 80 years

Spain has a copyright term of life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988.[4] In Colombia and Equatorial Guinea, a work enters the public domain 80 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Henry H. Arnold United States 15 January 1950 General Published works
Octave-Louis Aubert France 14 January 1950 Writer, journalist Le Livre de la Bretagne
Irving Bacheller United States 24 February 1950 Writer, journalist Eben Holden
Sergei Bakhrushin Russia 8 March 1950 Historian
Miklós Bánffy Hungary 5 June 1950 Nobleman, politician, writer A Transylvanian Tale
Pavel Bazhov Russia 3 December 1950 Writer The Malachite Box
Max Beckmann Germany 27 December 1950 Painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor
William Rose Benét United States 4 May 1950 Writer, poet, editor Saturday Review of Literature, The Reader's Encyclopedia
Lev Berg Russia 24 December 1950 Geographer, biologist and ichthyologist
Ben Black United States 26 December 1950 Composer, lyricist "Moonlight and Roses"
Léon Blum France 30 March 1950 Politician Les Problèmes de la Paix
Ambrogio Bollati Italy 26 March 1950 General, Historian Works
D. K. Broster United Kingdom 7 February 1950 Novelist The Flight of the Heron
Herbert Ashwin Budd United Kingdom 1950 Painter
Joe Burke United States 9 June 1950 Songwriter, Composer, pianist "Dancing With Tears in My Eyes", "Painting the Clouds With Sunshine", "Rambling Rose", "Tip-Toe Through the Tulips"
Edgar Rice Burroughs United States 19 March 1950 Author of adventure and science fiction Tarzan and Barsoom
J. Carlos Brazil 2 October 1950 Cartoonist, illustrator, graphic designer, sculptor
Basilio Cascella Italy 24 July 1950 Artist Il bagno della pastora
Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao Spain 7 January 1950 Painter
Neville William Cayley Australia 17 March 1950 Ornithologist & artist "What Bird is That?", 1931
Francesco Cilea Italy 20 November 1950 Composer L'arlesiana and Adriana Lecouvreur
Leôncio Correia (pt) Brazil 19 June 1950 Lawyer, politician, writer and journalist
Erle Cox Australia 20 November 1950 Journalist and science fiction writer Out of the Silence
Walter Damrosch United States 22 December 1950 Composer
Frank Parker Day Canada 30 July 1950 Author and academic
Warwick Deeping United Kingdom 20 April 1950 Author Sorrell and Son
Buddy DeSylva United States 11 July 1950 Songwriter Avalon, Look For the Silver Lining, Somebody Loves Me
Edward d'Evry United Kingdom 25 December 1950 Composer
Lancelot de Mole Australia 6 May 1950 Engineer & inventor Tracked armoured vehicle, 1911
Clément Doucet Belgium 15 October 1950 Composer, pianist
Anatoly Drozdov (ru) Russia 10 September 1950 Composer, pianist
Theodor Duesterberg Germany 4 November 1950 Politician The Steel Helmet and Hitler
Walter Eucken Germany 20 March 1950 Economist Works
Percy Keese Fitzhugh United States 5 July 1950 Author of children and young adult literature
Yevgeny Gunst Russia 30 January 1950 Composer
John Gould Fletcher United States 10 May 1950 Poet Selected Poems
Ernest Haycox United States 13 October 1950 Author of Western fiction
John Rippiner Heath United Kingdom 23 December 1950 Doctor, musician, composer Three Macedonian Sketches
William Hovgaard Denmark
United States
5 January 1950 Professor, Writer Submarine Boats, The Voyages Of The Norsemen To America
Heydar Huseynov Azerbaijan 15 August 1950 Philosopher Dialectical Materialism
Rex Ingram United States 2 July 1950 Film director, producer, writer and actor The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Prisoner of Zenda
George Cecil Ives United Kingdom 4 June 1950 Writer, penal reformer English Prisons Today
Émile Jaques-Dalcroze  Switzerland 1 July 1950 Composer, music educator
Johannes V. Jensen Denmark 25 November 1950 Author The Long Journey
Charles L. Johnson United States 28 December 1950 Composer
Al Jolson United States 23 October 1950 Songwriter
Eddie Kilfeather United States 13 January 1950 Composer
Alfred Korzybski Russian Empire
United States
1 March 1950 Engineer and founder of Institute of General Semantics Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics
Sigizmund Krzhizhanovsky Russia 28 December 1950 Writer
Harold Laski United Kingdom 24 March 1950 Political theorist, economist A Grammar of Politics
Harry Lauder United Kingdom 26 February 1950 Comedian, Singer/songwriter Roamin' in the Gloamin'
Lilian Sophia Locke Australia 1 July 1950 Suffragette & Trade-unionist Secretary of the United Council for Woman's Suffrage, 1890s
Heinrich Mann Germany 11 March 1950 Writer Professor Unrat
Edgar Lee Masters United States 5 March 1950 Writer Spoon River Anthology
F. O. Matthiessen United States 1 April 1950 literary critic American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman
Marcel Mauss France 10 February 1950 Sociologist The Gift
Ernest John Moeran United Kingdom 1 December 1950 Composer
Alfred Edward Moffat United Kingdom 6 June 1950 Composer, collector of music Meister-Schule der alten Zeit
Edna St Vincent Millay United States 19 October 1950 Poet, playwright Renascence
Ali Moustafa Mosharafa Egypt 16 January 1950 Theoretical physicist
Lewis Muir United States 19 January 1950 Songwriter Ragtime Cowboy Joe
Pavel Muratov Russia 5 February 1950 Writer, art historian Images of Italy
Nikolai Myaskovsky Russia 8 August 1950 Composer Symphony No. 6 (Myaskovsky)
Vaslav Nijinsky Russia 8 April 1950 Ballet dancer and choreographer Diary
George Orwell United Kingdom 21 January 1950 Journalist and author Animal Farm, Nineteen Eighty-Four, and other works
Cesare Pavese Italy 27 August 1950 Writer, translator The Moon and the Bonfires
Max Pemberton United Kingdom 22 February 1950 Novelist of adventure and mystery literature
Octávio Pinto Brazil 31 October 1944 Composer, architect
Ernest Poole United States 10 January 1950 Writer His Family
Gustaf John Ramstedt Russian Empire
Finland
25 November 1950 Explorer, linguist, diplomat Seitsemän retkeä itään
R. R. Ryan United Kingdom 18 October 1950 Author
Eliel Saarinen Russian Empire
Finland
United States
1 July 1950 Architect Works
Rafael Sabatini Italy
United Kingdom
13 February 1950 Writer The Sea Hawk, Scaramouche, The Odissey of Captain Blood, Bellarion the Fortunate
Theophrastos Sakellaridis Greece 2 January 1950 Composer, conductor Ο Βαφτιστικός
Guðjón Samúelsson Iceland 25 April 1950 Architect Hallgrímskirkja, National Theatre of Iceland, Akureyrarkirkja
Joseph Schumpeter Austria 8 January 1950 Economist Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
Milton Schwarzwald United States 2 March 1950 Director, composer
George Bernard Shaw United Kingdom
Ireland
2 November 1950 Writer Man and Superman, Pygmalion, Saint Joan
Adaline Shepherd United States 12 March 1950 Composer
Forrest Shreve United States 19 July 1950 Botanist Works
Martinus Sieveking Netherlands 26 November 1950 Composer, music teacher
Jan Smuts South Africa 11 September 1950 Statesman, military leader, and philosopher Holism and Evolution
John M. Stahl United States 12 January 1950 Film Director and Producer Father Was a Fullback
Olaf Stapledon United Kingdom 6 September 1950 Philosopher and science fiction author Star Maker, Last and First Men and Odd John
Henry L. Stimson United States 20 October 1950 Politician Democracy And Nationalism In Europe
Tatiana Sukhotina-Tolstaya Russia 21 September 1950 Painter and memoirist
Attilio Teruzzi Italy 26 April 1950 Politician Cirenaica Verde
Trilussa Italy 21 December 1950 Poet Works
Orhan Veli Kanık Turkey 14 November 1950 Poet Garip, Collected Poems
Xavier Villaurrutia Mexico 25 December 1950 Poet, Playwright Works
Archibald P. Wavell United Kingdom 24 May 1950 General Generals And Generalship
Kurt Weill Germany 3 April 1950 Composer The Threepenny Opera
Yi Gwangsu South Korea 25 October 1950 Writer, independence activist Heartless

United States

Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1935, films released in 1935, and other works published in 1935 will enter the public domain in 2031.[5] Sound recordings published in 1930 and unpublished works whose authors died in 1960 will also enter the public domain.

Notable films that will enter the public domain in 2031 include Best Picture Academy Award winner Mutiny on the Bounty starring Clark Gable and Charles Laughton, Universal horror films Bride of Frankenstein and Werewolf of London, Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps, John Ford's The Informer with Victor McLaglen, Busby Berkeley's Gold Diggers of 1935, Max Reinhardt's adaptation of A Midsummer Night's Dream with Olivia de Havilland and James Cagney, Captain Blood with Errol Flynn, George Cukor's adaptation of David Copperfield with Frank Lawton, The Lives of a Bengal Lancer with Gary Cooper, Top Hat starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, the Marx Brothers comedy A Night at the Opera, Naughty Marietta with the first pairing of Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy, The Little Colonel with Shirley Temple and Lionel Barrymore, Will Rogers' final films Steamboat Round the Bend and In Old Kentucky, Tumbling Tumbleweeds with Gene Autry in one of his first starring roles, Henry Fonda's film debut The Farmer Takes a Wife, Hop-Along Cassidy with William Boyd (the first film to star the title character), the musical film Metropolitan (20th Century Fox's first film under that name), Alberto Cavalcanti's Bristis coal mining documentary Coal Face, Boris Barnet's film By the Bluest of Seas, Leni Riefenstahl's Nazi propaganda film Triumph of the Will, the first color Mickey Mouse cartoon The Band Concert as well as the first teamings of Mickey with Donald Duck and Goofy, the Silly Symphony cartoons The Tortoise and the Hare and Three Orphan Kittens, and I Haven't Got a Hat with the debut of the oldest recurring Looney Tunes character, Porky Pig.

Important literary works entering the public domain include Agatha Christie's crime novels Death in the Clouds and Three Act Tragedy, John Steinbeck's novel Tortilla Flat, Mary Poppins Comes Back by P. L. Travers, Christopher Isherwood's novel Mr Norris Changes Trains, Dorothy L. Sayers' detective novel Gaudy Night introducing Lord Peter Wimsey, Georgette Heyer's novel Regency Buck, Sinclair Lewis' It Can't Happen Here, Rex Stout's The League of Frightened Men, Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House on the Prairie, Ernest Hemingway's Green Hills of Africa, T. E. Lawrence's autobiography Seven Pillars of Wisdom, Hardy Boys novel The Hidden Harbor Mystery, Nancy Drew novel The Message in the Hollow Oak, Clifford Odets' plays Waiting for Lefty, Awake and Sing!, Till the Day I Die and Paradise Lost, T. S. Eliot's play Murder in the Cathedral, and Yasunari Kawabata's Snow Country in its original Japanese. The earliest appearances of the comic strip character Little Lulu will also enter the public domain.

Works of art entering the public domain include René Magritte's The Portrait and the second version of his Human Condition, Joan Miró's Metamorphosis, Pablo Picasso's Jeune Fille Endormie, and M. C. Escher's lithograph Hand with Reflecting Sphere. The first edition of the board game Monopoly will also enter the public domain.

Examples of notable musical works entering the public domain include the popular songs "Cheek to Cheek", "When I Grow Too Old to Dream", and "Red Sails in the Sunset"; Sergei Prokofiev's Violin Concerto No. 2; and George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess.

See also

References

  1. ^ Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998
  2. ^ "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  3. ^ "EUR-Lex – 32006L0116 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  4. ^ "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual – Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  5. ^ Hirtle, Peter B. (3 January 2020). "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Cornell University Library Copyright Information Center. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  • Media related to Undelete in 2031 at Wikimedia Commons
  • "Authors by Year of Death – 1960". AuthorAndBookInfo.com.
  • Popular Books of 1935 at Goodreads