2024 United States ballot measures

2024 United States ballot measures

March 5 to November 5, 2024

The following is a list of ballot measures, whether initiated by legislators or citizens, which were certified to appear on various states' ballots during the 2024 United States elections. The page includes those that did not make it on the ballot, but notes that status.

Elections that have been certified or unanimously projected will be shown here.

State	Origin	Status	Measure	Description (Result of a "yes" vote)	Date	% req.	Yes	No
Alabama	Legislature	Failed	Amendment 1	Exempts local laws or local constitutional amendments from the budget isolation resolution process.	Mar 5	>50%	341,515 48.69%	359,850 51.31%
California	Legislature	Approved	Proposition 1	Reforms the Mental Health Services Act and issues $6.38 billion in bonds for homeless individuals and veterans.	Mar 5	>50%	3,636,678 50.18%	3,610,436 49.82%
Wisconsin	Legislature	Approved	Question 1	Prohibits governments in the state from applying or accepting non-governmental funds or equipment for election administration.	Apr 2	>50%	638,555 54.43%	534,612 45.57%
	Legislature	Approved	Question 2	Mandates that only election officials may administer elections.	Apr 2	>50%	685,806 58.63%	483,900 41.37%
North Dakota	Citizens	Approved	Initiated Measure 1	Creates an age limit of 81 for congressional officeholders.	Jun 11	>50%	68,468 60.84%	44,076 39.16%
Missouri	Legislature	Failed	Amendment 1	Exempts childcare facilities from property taxes.	Aug 6	>50%	491,161 45.28%	593,465 54.72%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 4	Allows the legislature to increase minimum funding for a police force established by a state board of police commissioners.[1]	Aug 6	>50%	549,919 51.13%	525,657 48.87%
Wisconsin	Legislature	Failed	Question 1	Prohibits the legislature from delegating its power to appropriate money.[2]	Aug 13	>50%	521,538 42.55%	704,260 57.45%
	Legislature	Failed	Question 2	Requires legislative approval before the governor can expend federal money appropriated to the state.[3]	Aug 13	>50%	521,639 42.47%	706,637 57.53%
Alabama	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 1	Transfers control of land to the Franklin County Board of Education.	Nov 5	>50%	1,159,794 74.37%	399,640 25.63%
Alaska	Citizens	Approved	Measure 1	Increases the minimum wage to $15/hr (currently $11.73/hr) by July 2027; provides 40–56 hours of paid sick leave a year depending on employer size; protects employees from being required to attend meetings on political and religious matters.	Nov 5	>50%	183,744 57.98%	133,162 42.02%
	Citizens	Failed	Measure 2	Repeal Alaska's electoral system of ranked-choice (instant-runoff) voting and nonpartisan blanket primaries and return the state to partisan primaries and plurality voting	Nov 5	>50%	160,124 49.89%	160,861 50.11%
Arizona	Legislature	Failed	Proposition 133	Require partisan primary elections for partisan offices and prohibit primary elections where all candidates, regardless of political party affiliation, run in the same primary election, such as top-two, top-four, and top-five primaries[4]	Nov 5	>50%	1,286,640 42.18%	1,763,711 57.82%
	Legislature	Failed	Proposition 134	establishing a signature distribution requirement for citizen initiatives requiring signatures from 10% of votes cast for governor in each legislative district to qualify initiated state statutes for the ballot, and requiring signatures from 15% of votes cast for governor in each legislative district to qualify initiated constitutional amendments for the ballot.[5]	Nov 5	>50%	1,279,574 41.98%	1,768,613 58.02%
	Legislature	Failed	Proposition 135	Allow the legislature to terminate a state of emergency or change the emergency powers granted to the governor during a state of emergency; provide that a state of emergency automatically ends 30 days after it is declared, unless the state legislature extends the governor's emergency powers; and exempt emergencies related to a state of war, flood, or fire from the 30-day automatic termination.[6]	Nov 5	>50%	1,328,402 43.56%	1,720,849 56.44%
	Legislature	Failed	Proposition 136	Authorize a person to bring forth a lawsuit to stop a voter-proposed initiative from being placed on the ballot if that person sues at least one hundred days prior to the election and claims the proposed initiative would violate the United States Constitution or Arizona Constitution.[7]	Nov 5	>50%	1,151,823 38.10%	1,871,364 61.90%
	Legislature	Failed	Proposition 137	End term limits for state supreme court justices and superior court judges; provide that justices can hold office during good behavior as determined by a judicial review commission; eliminate retention elections based on terms for the Arizona Supreme Court, court of appeals, and some superior courts, including those for Nov. 5, 2024; and require retention elections in the future for some issues, such as following a criminal conviction, filing for bankruptcy, or not meeting judicial performance standards as the performance review commission determines.[8]	Nov 5	>50%	679,824 22.33%	2,364,888 77.67%
	Legislature	Failed	Proposition 138	Allow for tipped workers to be paid 25% less per hour than the minimum wage if any tips received by the employee were not less than the minimum wage plus $2 for all hours worked.[9]	Nov 5	>50%	792,557 25.24%	2,348,023 74.76%
	Citizens	Approved[10]	Proposition 139	Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother[11]	Nov 5	>50%	2,000,287 61.61%	1,246,202 38.39%
	Citizens	Failed	Proposition 140	Require primaries in which candidates, regardless of partisan affiliation, appear on a single ballot and a certain number advance to the general election, and require general election candidates to receive a majority of votes[12]	Nov 5	>50%	1,284,176 41.32%	1,823,445 58.68%
	Legislature	Approved	Proposition 311	Establish a $20 fee on every conviction for a criminal offense, which would go to pay a benefit of $250,000 to the spouse or children of a first responder who is killed in the line of duty.[13]	Nov 5	>50%	2,016,450 64.17%	1,126,070 35.83%
	Legislature	Approved	Proposition 312	Allow for property owners to apply for a property tax refund if the city or locality in which the property is located does not enforce laws or ordinances regarding illegal camping, loitering, obstructing public thoroughfares, panhandling, public urination or defecation, public consumption of alcoholic beverages, and possession or use of illegal substances.[14]	Nov 5	>50%	1,804,728 58.62%	1,274,031 41.38%
	Legislature	Approved	Proposition 313	Require that anyone convicted of child sex trafficking be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole or release.[15]	Nov 5	>50%	2,025,608 64.54%	1,112,951 35.46%
	Legislature	Approved	Proposition 314	Make it a state crime for noncitizens to enter the state at any location other than the port of entry; allow for state and local police to arrest noncitizens who cross the border unlawfully; allowing for state judges to order deportations; requiring the use of the E-Verify program in order to determine the immigration status of individuals before the enrollment in a financial aid or public welfare program; making it a Class 6 felony for individuals who submit false information or documents to an employer to evade detection of employment eligibility, or to apply for public benefits, and; make the sale of fentanyl a Class 2 felony if the person knowingly sells fentanyl and it results in the death of another person.[16]	Nov 5	>50%	1,949,529 62.59%	1,165,237 37.41%
	Legislature	Failed	Proposition 315	Prohibit a proposed rule from becoming effective if that rule is estimated to increase regulatory costs by more than $500,000 within five years after implementation, until the legislature enacts legislation ratifying the proposed rule.[17]	Nov 5	>50%	1,383,303 46.69%	1,579,549 53.31%
Arkansas	Legislature	Approved	Issue 1	Allow proceeds from the state lottery to fund scholarships and grants for vocational-technical schools and technical institutes.[18]	Aug 6	>50%	1,029,102 89.19%	119,527 10.41%
	Citizens	Approved	Issue 2	Repeal the authorization for a casino license in Pope County and requiring countywide voter approval for any new casino licenses.[19]	Aug 6	>50%	638,655 55.81%	505,772 44.19%
California	Bond Issue	Approved	Proposition 2	Issue $10 billion in bonds to fund construction and modernization of public education facilities.[20]	Nov 5	>50%	8,820,842 58.70%	6,207,390 41.30%
	Legislature	Approved	Proposition 3	Repeal Proposition 8 and the states Constitutional Amendment against same-sex marriage by declaring that a "right to marry is a fundamental right" in the California Constitution.[21]	Nov 5	>50%	9,477,435 62.62%	5,658,187 37.38%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Proposition 4	Issue $10 billion in bonds to fund state and local parks, environmental protection projects, water infrastructure projects, energy projects, and flood protection projects.[22]	Nov 5	>50%	9,055,116 59.80%	6,086,414 40.20%
	Legislature	Failed	Proposition 5	Measure to lower the vote threshold from two-thirds (66.67%) to 55% for local bond measures to fund housing projects and public infrastructure.[23]	Nov 5	>50%	6,738,890 44.99%	8,239,337 55.01%
	Legislature	Failed	Proposition 6	Eliminate the Constitutional provision permitting the use of involuntary servitude against incarcerated individuals.[24]	Nov 5	>50%	6,895,604 46.66%	7,882,137 53.34%
	Citizens	Failed	Proposition 32	Increase the state minimum wage to $18 per hour by 2026 for all employers and thereafter adjusting the rate annually by increases to the cost of living.[25]	Nov 5	>50%	7,469,803 49.29%	7,686,126 50.71%
	Citizens	Failed	Proposition 33	Repeals the Costa–Hawkins Rental Housing Act, allowing cities to once again establish their own rent controls on single-family dwellings, condominiums, and residential properties completed after February 1, 1995.[26]	Nov 5	>50%	5,979,880 39.98%	8,975,542 60.02%
	Citizens	Approved	Proposition 34	Requires health care providers that have spent over $100 million in any 10-year period on anything other than direct patient care, and operated multifamily housing with over 500 high-severity health and safety violations, to spend 98% of the revenues from federal discount prescription drug program on direct patient care.[27]	Nov 5	>50%	7,378,686 50.89%	7,121,317 49.11%
	Citizens	Approved	Proposition 35	Makes permanent the existing tax on managed health care insurance plans, currently set to expire in 2026. It would also require the revenues generated by the tax to only be used for specified Medi-Cal services, and prohibit the revenue from being used to replace other existing Medi-Cal funding.[28]	Nov 5	>50%	10,124,174 67.91%	4,783,434 32.09%
	Citizens	Approved	Proposition 36	Increase the penalties and sentences for certain drug and theft crimes from being only chargeable as misdemeanors. It would allow, among others, felony charges for possessing fentanyl and other certain drugs, and for thefts under $950, with two prior drug or theft convictions, respectively.[29]	Nov 5	>50%	10,307,296 68.42%	4,756,612 31.58%
Colorado	Citizens	Approved[30]	Amendment 79	Enshrines abortion in the Colorado Constitution and allows the use of public funds for abortion healthcare[31]	Nov 5	55%	1,921,593 61.97%	1,179,261 38.03%
	Citizens	Failed	Amendment 80	Defines school choice and enshrines in the state's constitution that "each K-12 child has the right to school choice;", that “all children have the right to equal opportunity to access a quality education,” and that “parents have the right to direct the education of their children.[32]	Nov 5	55%	1,507,236 49.32%	1,548,679 50.68%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment G	Expand the property tax exemption for veterans with a disability to include veterans with individual unemployability status as determined by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.[33]	Nov 5	55%	2,212,022 73.13%	812,638 36.87%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment H	Create a new board, called the Independent Judicial Discipline Adjudicative Board, and create rules for the judicial discipline process.[34]	Nov 5	55%	2,150,820 73.05%	793,642 26.95%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment I	Remove the right to bail in cases of first-degree murder when the proof is evident or the presumption is great.[35]	Nov 5	55%	2,058,063 68.34%	953,653 31.66%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment J	Repeal Amendment 43 and the state's Constitutional Amendment against same-sex marriage.[36]	Nov 5	>50%	1,982,200 64.33%	1,099,288 35.37%
	Legislature	Failed	Amendment K	Change the signature deadline for initiative and referendum signature gathering, thereby shorting the collection period by one week, as well as moving the deadline for justices and judges to file declarations of intent to run for another term by one week, in order to allow one extra week for the secretary of state to certify ballot order and content and election officials' deadline to transmit ballots.[37]	Nov 5	55%	1,293,879 44.85%	1,591,312 55.15%
	Citizens	Failed	Proposition 127	Prohibit the hunting of mountain lions, bobcats, and lynxes[38]	Nov 5	>50%	1,382,048 45.26%	1,671,710 54.74%
	Citizens	Approved	Proposition 128	Requires any individual convicted of a violent felony offense to serve 85% of their sentence before being eligible for parole or any sentence reductions for good behavior.[39]	Nov 5	>50%	1,869,231 62.11%	1,140,284 37.89%
	Citizens	Approved	Proposition 129	Create a new profession, the veterinary professional associate, that requires a master's degree and registration with the state board of veterinary medicine, to practice under supervision of a licensed veterinarian.[40]	Nov 5	>50%	1,572,545 52.76%	1,407,814 47.24%
	Citizens	Approved	Proposition 130	Create the Peace Officer Training and Support Fund to provide funding for law enforcement training, retention, and hiring; training surrounding the use of force; and death benefits for surviving spouses and children of officers or first responders killed in the line of duty.[41]	Nov 5	>50%	1,583,118 52.79%	1,415,528 47.21%
	Citizens	Failed	Proposition 131	Establish top-four primaries and ranked-choice voting for federal and state offices in Colorado[42]	Nov 5	>50%	1,385,060 46.47%	1,595,256 53.53%
	Legislature	Approved	Proposition JJ	Allow the state to retain tax revenue collected above $29 million annually from the tax on sports betting proceeds authorized by voters in 2019.[43]	Nov 5	>50%	2,340,370 76.44%	721,237 23.56%
	Legislature	Approved	Proposition KK	Levy a 6.5% excise tax on the manufacture and sale of firearms and ammunition to be imposed on firearms dealers, manufacturers, and ammunition vendors and appropriating the revenue to the Firearms and Ammunition Excise Tax Cash Fund to be used to fund crime victim services programs, mental and behavioral health programs for children and veterans, and school security and safety programs.[44]	Nov 5	>50%	1,675,123 54.37%	1,406,112 45.63%
Connecticut	Legislature	Approved	Connecticut No-Excuse Absentee Voting Amendment	Authorize the Connecticut State Legislature to provide by law for no-excuse absentee voting, thereby allowing any voter to request a mail-in ballot.[45]	Nov 5	>50%	843,153 57.99%	610,694 42.01%
District of Columbia	Citizens	Approved	Initiative 83	Allows independent voters to participate in partisan primaries and implements ranked-choice voting.[46]	Nov 5	>50%	212,332 72.89%	78,961 27.11%
Florida	Legislature	Failed	Amendment 1	Make school board elections partisan beginning in the November 2026 general election and for primary elections nominating party candidates for the 2026 election.[47]	Nov 5	60%	5,492,993 54.90%	4,512,372 45.10%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 2	Establish a constitutional right to hunt and fish in Florida.[48]	Nov 5	60%	6,941,307 67.34%	3,365,987 32.66%
	Citizens	Failed	Amendment 3	Legalize marijuana for adults 21 years old and older and allow for individuals to possess up to three ounces of marijuana[49]	Nov 5	60%	5,950,589 55.90%	4,693,524 44.10%
	Citizens	Failed	Amendment 4	Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother[50]	Nov 5	60%	6,070,758 57.17%	4,548,379 42.83%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 5	Apply an annual inflation adjustment to the amount of assessed value that is exempt from property taxation.[51]	Nov 5	60%	6,687,238 66.02%	3,441,658 33.98%
	Legislature	Failed	Amendment 6	Repeal the state constitutional provision that provides for public financing of campaigns for those running for elective statewide office who agree to campaign spending limits.[52]	Nov 5	60%	5,032,882 50.39%	4,955,737 49.61%
Georgia	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 1	Provide for a local option homestead property tax exemption and allowing a county, municipality, or school system to opt out of the exemption.[53]	Nov 5	>50%	3,094,322 62.92%	1,823,529 37.08%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 2	Create the Georgia Tax Court to have concurrent jurisdiction with superior courts.[54]	Nov 5	>50%	2,525,406 51.89%	2,341,612 48.11%
	Legislature	Approved	Referendum A	Increase the personal property tax exemption from $7,500 to $20,000.[55]	Nov 5	>50%	3,223,888 64.48%	1,775,768 35.52%
Hawaii	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 1	Repeal Amendment 2 and the Legislature's ability reserve marriage to opposite-sex couples.[56]	Nov 5	>50%	268,038 55.94%	211,142 44.06%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 2	Change the process for appointing and confirming district court judges to be the same as that used for supreme court justices and other higher court judges..[57]	Nov 5	>50%	316,468 70.61%	131,729 29.39%
Idaho	Legislature	Passed	Citizenship Requirement for Voting	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote.[58]	Nov 5	>50%	572,865 64.93%	309,456 35.07%
	Citizens	Failed	Proposition 1	Implements a top-four nonpartisan blanket primary; with ranked-choice voting for the general election for state, county, and federal offices.[59]			269,959 30.38%	618,751 69.62%
Illinois	Advisory question	Approved	Illinois Assisted Reproductive Healthcare Advisory Question	Advise state officials to provide for medically assisted reproductive treatments, including in vitro fertilization, to be covered by any health insurance plan in Illinois that provides full coverage to pregnancy benefits.[60]	Nov 5	>50%	3,914,126 72.64%	1,474,158 27.36%
	Advisory Question	Approved	Illinois Income Tax Advisory Question	Advise state officials to amend the Illinois Constitution to create an additional 3% tax on income greater than $1 million for the purpose of dedicating funds to property tax relief.[61]	Nov 5	>50%	3,288,462 60.79%	2,121,507 39.21%
	Advisory Question	Approved	Illinois Penalties for Candidate Interference with Election Worker's Duties Advisory Question	Advise state officials to establish civil penalties if a candidate interferes or attempts to interfere with an election worker's official duties.[62]	Nov 5	>50%	4,813,971 88.99%	595,677 11.01%
Iowa	Legislature	Approved[63]	Amendment 1	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote, and would allow some 17-year-olds to vote in primaries, provided they turn 18 by the next general election.[64]	Nov 5	>50%	1,150,332 77.13%	341,034 22.87%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 2	Provide so that, if the governor dies, resigns, or is removed from office, the lieutenant governor would assume the office of governor for the remainder of the term, thereby creating a vacancy in the office of lieutenant governor and allowing the new governor to appoint a new lieutenant governor.[65]	Nov 5	>50%	1,190,003 81.05%	278,282 18.95%
Kentucky	Legislature	Passed	Amendment 1	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote.[66]	Nov 5	>50%	1,208,898 62.43%	727,515 37.57%
	Legislature	Failed	Amendment 2	Enable the General Assembly to provide state funding to students outside of public schools.[67]	Nov 5	>50%	706,942 35.24%	1,298,967 64.76%
Louisiana	Legislature	Approved	Louisiana Outer Continental Shelf Revenues for Coastal Protection and Restoration Fund Amendment	Require federal revenue received from alternative and renewable energy production in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) to be deposited in the Coastal Protection and Restoration Fund.[68]	Nov 5	>50%	1,367,876 73.10%	503,275 26.90%
Maine	Citizens	Approved	Question 1	Limit the amount of campaign contributions to $5,000 from individuals and entities to political action committees that make independent expenditures.[69]	Nov 5	>50%	600,191 74.91%	201,034 25.09%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Question 2	Authorize $25 million in general obligation bonds to the Maine Technology Institute for research, development, and commercialization of Maine-based public and private institutions in support of technological innovation.[70]	Nov 5	>50%	433,394 54.28%	365,100 45.72%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Question 3	Authorize $10 million in general obligation bonds for the restoration of local community buildings.[71]	Nov 5	>50%	410,979 51.23%	391,176 48.77%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Question 4	Authorize $30 million in general obligation bonds for the development and maintenance of outdoor trails.[72]	Nov 5	>50%	440,560 55.40%	354,626 44.60%
	Legislature	Failed	Question 5	Replace the existing state flag with a flag consisting of a pine tree and the North Star on a buff (light tan) background, often called the Pine Tree Flag.[73]	Nov 5	>50%	358,912 44.29%	451,366 55.71%
Maryland	Legislature	Approved[74]	Question 1	Enshrines abortion in the Maryland Constitution[75]	Nov 5	>50%	2,199,319 76.06%	692,219 23.94%
Massachusetts	Citizens	Approved	Question 1	Explicitly authorize the state auditor to audit the accounts, programs, activities, and functions of all departments, offices, commissions, institutions, and activities of the state legislature and any authorities or districts created by the state legislature.[76]	Nov 5	>50%	2,326,932 71.57%	924,294 28.43%
	Citizens	Approved	Question 2	Repeal the requirement that students must achieve a certain competency level on the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) exam to graduate high school.[77]	Nov 5	>50%	2,004,216 59.07%	1,388,560 40.93%
	Citizens	Approved	Question 3	Provide for unionizing and collective bargaining for transportation network drivers, require the state to oversee the negotiations between the parties and approve the negotiated recommendations on wages, benefits, and terms and conditions of work, and require collective bargaining agreements to be approved by at least a majority of riders who have completed at least 100 trips during the previous quarter.[78]	Nov 5	>50%	1,771,770 54.08%	1,504,681 45.92%
	Citizens	Failed	Question 4	Allow persons 21 years of age or older to grow, possess, and use natural psychedelic substances, as well as establish a commission to regulate the licensing of psychedelic substances and services.[79]	Nov 5	>50%	1,444,812 43.16%	1,902,207 56.84%
	Citizens	Failed	Question 5	Gradually increase the wage of tipped employees until it meets the state minimum wage in 2029 and continues to permit tipping in addition to the minimum wage.[80]	Nov 5	>50%	1,200,980 35.87%	2,147,245 64.13%
Minnesota	Legislature	Approved	Minnesota Amendment 1	Extend the dedication of revenue from the state-operated lottery to the Environment and Natural Resources Fund through December 31, 2050, increase the amount of money that can be spent from the fund each year from 5.5% to 7.0% of the fund's market value, and create a grant program to provide funding for projects related to addressing environmental issues in affected communities, environmental education, and natural resource conservation.[81]	Nov 5	>50%	2,526,205 82.64%	530,504 17.36%
Missouri	Citizens	Approved	Amendment 2	Legalize and regulating sports wagering in Missouri.[82]	Nov 5	>50%	1,478,652 50.05%	1,475,691 49.95%
	Citizens	Approved	Amendment 3	Enshrines abortion until fetal viability[83]	Nov 5	>50%	1,538,659 51.60%	1,443,022 48.40%
	Citizens	Failed	Amendment 5	Allow the Missouri Gaming Commission to issue one additional gambling boat license to operate on the portion of the Osage River from the Missouri River to the Bagnell Dam.[84]	Nov 5	>50%	1,380,949 47.54%	1,523,889 52.46%
	Legislature	Failed	Amendment 6	Amend the Missouri Constitution to define the administration of justice to include the levying of costs and fees to support the salaries and benefits of sheriffs, former sheriffs, prosecuting attorneys, former prosecuting attorneys, circuit attorneys, and former circuit attorneys.[85]	Nov 5	>50%	1,112,081 39.39%	1,711,527 60.61%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 7	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote, and ban ranked-choice voting in the state.[86]	Nov 5	>50%	1,966,852 68.44%	906,851 31.56%
	Legislature	Approved	Proposition A	Establish a $13.75 per hour minimum wage by 2025, which would be increased by $1.25 per hour each year until 2026, when the minimum wage is $15 per hour, and also requiring employers to provide one hour of paid sick leave for every 30 hours worked.[87]	Nov 5	>50%	1,693,064 57.57%	1,247,658 42.43%
Montana	Citizens	Failed	CI-126	Establish top-four primaries for federal and state offices in Montana[88]	Nov 5	>50%	287,837 48.91%	300,664 51.09%
	Citizens	Failed	CI-127	Require an electoral system in which candidates for certain offices must win a majority of the vote, rather than a plurality, to win the election[89]	Nov 5	>50%	228,908 39.62%	348,805 60.38%
	Citizens	Approved	CI-128	Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother[90]	Nov 5	>50%	345,070 57.76%	252,300 42.24%
Nebraska	Citizens	Approved	Initiative 434	Prohibits abortion after the first trimester[91]	Nov 5	>50%[a]	509,288 54.94%	417,624 45.06%
	Citizens	Approved	Initiative 436	Require Nebraska businesses to offer earned paid sick leave for employees—up to seven days for businesses of at least 20 employees and five days for fewer than 20 employees.[92]	Nov 5	>50%[a]	662,348 74.56%	225,974 25.44%
	Citizens	Approved	Initiative 437	Establish the Nebraska Medical Cannabis Commission to regulate the state's medical marijuana program.[93]	Nov 5	>50%	637,126 71.05%	259,643 28.95%
	Citizens	Approved	Initiative 438	Legalize the medical use of marijuana in the state[94]	Nov 5	>50%	600,481 67.29%	291,867 32.71%
	Citizens	Failed	Initiative 439	Enshrines abortion until fetal viability[95]	Nov 5	>50%[a]	455,184 49.01%	473,652 50.99%
	Citizens	Failed	Referendum 435	Uphold Legislative Bill 1402, which authorizes the state treasurer to administer an education scholarship program with a $10 million budget beginning in fiscal year 2024-2025 for eligible students to cover all or part of the cost of attending any nongovernmental, privately operated elementary or secondary school in the state that fulfills all accreditation requirements.[96]	Nov 5	>50%	382,921 42.97%	508,140 57.03%
Nevada	Legislature	Failed	Question 1	Remove the constitutional status of the Board of Regents—which governs, controls, and manages the state universities in Nevada—thereby allowing the state legislature to review and change the governing organization of state universities.[97]	Nov 5	>50%	615,415 45.44%	738,901 54.56%
	Legislature	Approved	Question 2	Revise language in the state constitution related to public entities that benefit individuals with mental illness, blindness, or deafness.[98]	Nov 5	>50%	897,821 65.97%	463,218 34.03%
	Citizens	Failed	Question 3	Establish top-five primaries and ranked-choice voting for federal and state offices in Nevada[99]	Nov 5	>50%	664,011 47.04%	747,719 52.96%
	Citizens	Approved	Question 4	Remove Language in the Nevada State Constitution permitting the use of slavery and involuntary servitude as criminal punishments[100]	Nov 5	>50%	835,627 60.60%	543,236 39.40%
	Legislature	Approved	Question 5	Amend the Sales and Use Tax of 1955 to provide a sales tax exemption for child and adult diapers.[101]	Nov 5	>50%	942,828 68.50%	433,583 31.50%
	Citizens	Approved[102]	Question 6	Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother[103]	Nov 5	>50%	905,170 64.36%	501,232 35.64%
	Citizens	Approved	Question 7	Amend the constitution to require that Nevada residents present a form of photo identification to verify their identity while voting in person, or to verify their identity using the last four digits of their driver's license or social security number when voting by mail.[104]	Nov 5	>50%	1,031,153 73.23%	376,873 26.77%
New Hampshire	Legislature	Failed	New Hampshire Increase Mandatory Retirement Age for Judges Amendment	Increase the mandatory judicial retirement age from 70 to 75.[105]	Nov 5	>66%	452,307 65.60%	237,221 34.30%
New Mexico	Bond Issue	Approved	Bond Question 1	Authorize the state to issue $30,758,100 in bonds to fund senior citizens' facilities.[106]	Nov 5	>50%	572,049 70.21%	242,732 29.79%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Bond Question 2	Authorize the state to issue $19,305,000 in bonds to fund public libraries.[107]	Nov 5	>50%	545,321 67.29%	265,087 32.71%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Bond Question 3	Authorize the state to issue $230.26 million in bonds to fund capital improvements and acquisitions for public higher education institutions, special public schools, and tribal schools.[108]	Nov 5	>50%	530,807 65.70%	277,070 34.30%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Bond Question 4	Authorize the state to issue $10,297,100 in bonds to modernize public safety radio communications systems.[109]	Nov 5	>50%	498,733 63.01%	292,783 36.99%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 1	Amend the state constitution to extend the disabled veteran property tax exemption to all disabled veterans (or their widows or widowers) in proportion to their federal disability rating.[110]	Nov 5	>50%	701,047 82.78%	145,855 17.22%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 2	Amend the state constitution to increase the property tax exemption for veterans from $4,000 to $10,000 and adjust it annually for inflation.[111]	Nov 5	>50%	611,027 71.77%	240,349 28.23%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 3	Authorize a designee of the dean of the University of New Mexico Law School to serve as chair of the judicial nomination commission and requiring the designee to be an associate dean, a faculty member, a retired faculty member, or a former dean of the law school.[112]	Nov 5	>50%	412,465 51.41%	389,871 48.59%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 4	Amend the state constitution to authorize the board of county commissioners to set salaries for county officers and clarify that fees collected by the county are to be deposited into the county treasury.[113]	Nov 5	>50%	520,128 65.67%	271,961 34.33%
New York	Legislature	Approved	Proposal 1	Prohibit a person's rights from being denied based on the person's reproductive choices, among others[114]	Nov 5	>50%	4,757,097 62.47%	2,857,663 37.53%
North Carolina	Legislature	Approved	Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote[115]	Nov 5	>50%	4,184,680 77.59%	1,208,865 22.41%
North Dakota	Legislature	Approved	Measure 1	Amend language used in the state constitution to describe certain state institutions such as changing "insane" to "individuals with mental illness", "feebleminded" to "individuals with developmental disabilities", and "deaf and dumb" to "deaf and hard of hearing."[116]	Nov 5	>50%	301,944 84.48%	55,464 15.52%
	Legislature	Failed	Measure 2	Establish a single-subject rule for initiatives (both statutory and constitutional), as determined by the secretary of state, increase the signature requirement for constitutional amendment initiatives from 4% of the resident population to 5% of the resident population of the state, and require proposed constitutional initiatives that have qualified for the ballot to be placed on the next primary election ballot, and, if approved, be placed on the next general election ballot, where it must be approved again to become effective.[117]	Nov 5	>50%	150,362 43.59%	194,570 56.41%
	Legislature	Approved	Measure 3	Decrease the amount of money that can be expended from the state legacy fund, a fund that receives 30% of tax revenue from oil and gas production, from 15% to 5% of the principal of the fund over a period of two years, and provides for a distribution to be made from the state legacy fund to a legacy earnings fund rather than have the accrued earnings be sent to the general fund.[118]	Nov 5	>50%	174,994 52.01%	161,496 47.99%
	Citizens	Failed	Measure 4	Prohibit the state and local governments from levying taxes on the assessed value of any real or personal property except for those designed to pay for bonded indebtedness.[119]	Nov 5	>50%	130,038 36.54%	225,889 63.46%
	Citizens	Failed	Measure 5	Legalize recreational marijuana, allowing individuals to possess up to 1 oz of marijuana, 4g of concentrate, 300mg of edibles; and allowing for individuals to grow three plants with a limit of six plants per household.[120]	Nov 5	>50%	172,174 47.47%	190,548 52.53%
Ohio	Citizens	Failed	Issue 1	Establish the Ohio Citizens Redistricting Commission (CRC), a 15-member non-politician commission responsible for adopting state legislative and congressional redistricting plans.[121]	Nov 5	>50%	2,531,900 46.29%	2,937,489 53.71%
Oklahoma	Legislature	Failed[122]	Question 833	Allows municipalities to create infrastructure districts with the ability to issue bonds	Nov 5	>50%	559,982 38.89%	898,526 61.61%
	Legislature	Approved[122]	Question 834	Prohibits the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	Nov 5	>50%	1,207,520 80.73%	288,267 19.27%
Oregon	Legislature	Approved	Measure 115	Allow the Oregon State Legislature to impeach and remove elected state executives, including the governor, secretary of state, attorney general, treasurer, and commissioner of labor and industries.[123]	Nov 5	>50%	1,340,837 64.20%	747,543 35.80%
	Legislature	Failed	Measure 116	Establish the Independent Public Service Compensation Commission to determine certain public officials' salaries.[124]	Nov 5	>50%	981,715 47.54%	1,083,451 52.46%
	Legislature	Failed	Measure 117	Establish ranked-choice voting for federal and state offices in Oregon[125]	Nov 5	>50%	893,668 42.30%	1,219,013 57.70%
	Citizens	Failed	Measure 118	Increase the corporate minimum tax on sales exceeding $25 million by 3%, removing the minimum tax cap, and distributing increased revenue to Oregon residents who spend more than 200 days in the state.[126]	Nov 5	>50%	477,516 22.53%	1,641,682 77.47%
	Citizens	Approved	Measure 119	Require cannabis businesses to submit to the Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission a signed labor peace agreement requiring the business to remain neutral when labor organizations communicate with employees about collective bargaining rights with its licensure or renewal application.[127]	Nov 5	>50%	1,166,425 56.74%	889,265 43.26%
Rhode Island	Legislature	Failed	Question 1	Hold a state constitutional convention[128]	Nov 5	>50%	173,459 37.60%	287,906 62.40%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Question 2	Issue $160.5 million in bonds for improvements to higher education facilities, with $87.5 million going to the construction of a University of Rhode Island Biomedical Sciences building, and $73 million going to renovations and improvements to the Rhode Island College Institute of Cybersecurity & Emerging Technologies.[129]	Nov 5	>50%	281,672 59.82%	189,173 40.18%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Question 3	Issue $120 million in bonds to increase the availability of housing in the state.[130]	Nov 5	>50%	308,949 65.81%	160,536 34.19%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Question 4	Issue $53 million in bonds for environmental-related infrastructure, local recreation projects, and for preservation of land.[131]	Nov 5	>50%	315,973 67.45%	152,478 32.55%
	Bond Issue	Approved	Question 4	Issue $10 million in bonds for funding for 1:1 matching grants to continue the Cultural Arts and Economy Grant program administered by the Rhode Island state council on the arts, and for improvements and renovations to the Tomaquag Museum, the Newport Contemporary Ballet, and the Trinity Repertory Company.[132]	Nov 5	>50%	263,551 56.40%	203,769 43.60%
South Carolina	Legislature	Approved[133]	Amendment 1	Prohibits the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote.	Nov 5	>50%	1,982,956 85.94%	324,432 14.06%
South Dakota	Legislature	Failed	Amendment E	Amend the text of the South Dakota Constitution to change male pronouns to gender-neutral terms or titles[134]	Nov 5	>50%	180,365 42.62%	242,866 57.38%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment F	Amend the South Dakota Constitution to provide that the state may impose a work requirement on eligible individuals who are not diagnosed as being mentally or physically disabled in order to receive Medicaid under the Medicaid expansion that took effect on July 1, 2023.[135]	Nov 5	>50%	236,410 56.12	184,829 43.88%
	Citizens	Failed	Amendment G	Enshrines abortion during the first trimester, with limits on regulation during the second trimester[136]	Nov 5	>50%	176,809 41.41%	250,136 58.59%
	Citizens	Failed	Amendment H	Establish top-two primaries for federal, state, and certain local offices in South Dakota[137]	Nov 5	>50%	141,570 34.39%	270,048 65.51%
	Citizens	Failed	Measure 28	Prohibit state sales taxes on anything sold for human consumption, not including alcoholic beverages or prepared food.[138]	Nov 5	>50%	129,261 30.76%	290,969 69.24%
	Citizens	Failed	Measure 29	Legalize the recreational use, possession, and distribution of marijuana.[139]	Nov 5	>50%	189,916 44.46%	237,228 55.54%
	Veto Referendum	Failed	South Dakota Referred Law 21	Uphold Senate Bill 201, which provides statutory requirements for regulating carbon dioxide pipelines and other transmission facilities, and allows counties to impose a surcharge on certain pipeline companies.[140]	Nov 5	>50%	189,916 44.46%	237,228 55.54%
Utah	Legislature	Approved	Amendment B	Increase the limit on annual distributions from the State School Fund for public education from 4% to 5% of the fund.[141]	Nov 5	>50%	1,004,901 71.38%	402,865 28.62%
	Legislature	Approved	Amendment C	Establish in the state constitution that every county shall elect a sheriff to serve for four-year terms.[142]	Nov 5	>50%	1,165,753 82.68%	244,196 17.32%
Virginia	Legislature	Approved	Virginia Property Tax Exemption for Veterans and Surviving Spouses Amendment	Amend language in the Virginia Constitution regarding property tax exemptions for veterans and surviving spouses to say died in the line of duty rather than killed in action.[143]	Nov 5	>50%	4,035,483 93.03%	302,203 6.97%
Washington	Citizens	Approved	Initiative 2066	Prohibit state and local governments from restricting access to natural gas, prohibit the state building code council from discouraging or penalizing the use of natural gas in any building, require gas companies and utility companies, or any cities or towns that provide natural gas, to provide natural gas to any person or corporation even if other energy services or energy sources may be available and prohibit the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission from approving any multiyear rate plan requiring or incentivizing a natural gas company or utility company to terminate natural gas service or implementing requirements that would make access to natural gas service cost-prohibitive.[144]	Nov 5	>50%	1,941,474 51.71%	1,813,169 48.29%
	Citizens	Failed	Initiative 2109	Repeal the capital gains excise tax imposed on long-term capital assets by individuals with capital gains over $250,000.[145]	Nov 5	>50%	1,364,510 35.89%	2,437,419 64.11%
	Citizens	Failed	Initiative 2117	Prohibit any state agencies from implementing a cap and trade or cap and tax program and repeal the 2021 Washington Climate Commitment Act (CCA), a state law that provided for a cap and invest program designed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 95% by 2050.[146]	Nov 5	>50%	1,437,103 38.05%	2,340,077 61.95%
	Citizens	Failed	Initiative 2124	Allow employees and self-employed individuals to opt out of paying the payroll tax and receiving benefits under WA Cares, the state's long-term services and supports trust health care program.[147]	Nov 5	>50%	1,668,435 44.54%	2,077,216 55.46%
West Virginia	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 1	Amend the West Virginia Constitution to prohibit people from participating in "the practice of medically assisted suicide, euthanasia, or mercy killing of a person."[148]	Nov 5	>50%	340,403 50.44%	334,521 49.56%
Wisconsin	Legislature	Approved	Citizenship Voting Requirement Amendment	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote[149]	Nov 5	>50%	2,272,446 70.51%	950,445 29.49%
Wyoming	Legislature	Approved[150]	Amendment A	Separates residential property into its own class for purposes of property tax assessment	Nov 5	>50%[b]	146,336 59.31%	100,392 40.69%
Louisiana	Legislature	Approved	Louisiana Amendment 1	Increase the membership of the judiciary commission by five members, add malfeasance while in office to the list of specific actions that the state supreme court can pursue disciplinary action against a judge, and providing the judiciary commission the responsibility for investigating and recommending disciplinary actions.[151]	Dec 7	>50%	176,864 53.25%	155,252 46.75%
	Legislature	Approved	Louisiana Amendment 2	Prohibit the consideration of a conference committee report or senate amendments on an appropriations bill until 48 hours after the bill and a summary of the proposed changes is distributed to all legislators.[152]	Dec 7	>50%	219,103 65.99%	112,938 34.01%
	Legislature	Approved	Louisiana Amendment 3	Allow the state legislature to extend its regular session by two-day increments, up to a maximum of six days, in order to pass a bill appropriating money.[153]	Dec 7	>50%	191,729 57.72%	140,452 42.28%
	Legislature	Approved	Louisiana Amendment 4	Authorize the state legislature to provide for property tax sales in state law, provide that tax payment postponements can only be granted during emergencies declared by the governor under the Louisiana Homeland Security and Emergency Assistance and Disaster Act, and allowing the state legislature to give tax collectors the authority to waive penalties for good cause.[154]	Dec 7	>50%	180,856 54.59%	150,423 45.51%

Included in this section is any ballot measure that has either been certified for the ballot or has passed at least one house in the legislature.

As of September 11, 2024, 10 states have certified a referendum on abortion for the 2024 United States elections. This is the most for a single election cycle on record.^[155]

State	Current policy[156]	Origin	Status	Measure	Description (Result of a "yes" vote)	Date	% req.	Result
Arizona	15th week	Citizens	Approved[10]	Proposition 139	Enshrines legal abortion until fetal viability, or to protect health of the mother[11]	Nov 5	>50%	61.61%-38.39%[11]
Colorado	Any stage	Citizens	Approved[30]	Amendment 79	Enshrines abortion rights in the Colorado Constitution, and allows the use of public funds for abortion care[31]	Nov 5	55%	61.97%-38.03%[31]
Florida	6th week	Citizens	On ballot	Amendment 4	Enshrines legal abortion until fetal viability, or to protect health of the mother[50]	Nov 5	60%	57.17%-42.83%[50]
Hawaii	Fetal viability	Legislature	Died in legislature	Right to Abortion	Enshrines abortion and the right to use contraceptives[157]	—	>50%[c]	N/A
Iowa	6th week	Legislature	Died in legislature	No State Constitutional Right to Abortion	Prohibits abortion[158]	—	>50%	N/A
Maine	Fetal viability	Legislature	Died in legislature	Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy	Enshrines abortion[159]	—	>50%	N/A
Maryland	Fetal viability	Legislature	Approved[74]	Question 1	Enshrines abortion rights in the Maryland Constitution[75]	Nov 5	>50%	76.06%-23.94%[75]
Minnesota	All stages	Legislature	Died in legislature	Equal Under the Law	Enshrines abortion[160]	—	>50%[d]	N/A
Missouri	Banned	Citizens	Approved[161]	Amendment 3	Enshrines abortion rights until fetal viability[83]	Nov 5	>50%	51.60%-48.40%[83]
Montana	Fetal viability	Citizens	Approved	CI-128	Enshrines legal abortion until fetal viability, or to protect health of the mother[90]	Nov 5	>50%	57.76%-42.24%[90]
Nebraska	12th week	Citizens	Approved	Initiative 434	Prohibits abortion after the first trimester[91]	Nov 5	>50%[e]	54.94%-45.06%[91]
		Citizens	Failed	Initiative 439	Enshrines abortion until fetal viability[95]			50.99%-49.01%[95]
Nevada	24th week	Citizens	Approved,[102] must pass again in 2026 to be added.	Question 6	Enshrines legal abortion until fetal viability, or to protect health of the mother[103]	Nov 5	>50%	64.36%-35.64%[103]
New York	24th week and fetal viability	Legislature	Approved	Proposal 1	Prohibit a person's rights from being denied based on the person's reproductive choices, among others[114]	Nov 5	>50%	62.47%-37.53%[114]
Pennsylvania	24th week	Legislature	Not re-approved	No State Constitutional Right to Abortion	Amends the Pennsylvania Constitution to state that no abortion-related rights are given by the document[162]	—	>50%	N/A
South Dakota	Banned	Citizens	Failed	Amendment G	Enshrines legal abortion during the first trimester, with limits on regulation during the second trimester[136]	Nov 5	>50%	58.59%-41.41%[136]
Wisconsin	22nd week	Legislature	Died in legislature	14-Week Abortion Ban	Prohibits abortion after the 14th week[163]	—	>50%	N/A

State	Origin	Status	Measure	Description (Result of a "yes" vote)	Date	% req.	Result
Arizona	Legislature	Approved[164]	Proposition 313	Requires life imprisonment for people convicted of child sex trafficking.	Nov 5	>50%	64.5%-35.5%
	Legislature	Approved[164]	Proposition 314	Makes it a state crime for noncitizens to unlawfully enter the state and allows police to arrest them for doing so; allows state judges to order deportations; requires the immigration status of individuals to be determined before enrollment in a financial aid or public welfare program; makes it a class 6 felony to submit false documents to employers to evade detection of employment eligibility, or to apply for public benefits; and makes it a class 2 felony if a person knowingly sells fentanyl and results in a death of another person.	Nov 5		62.6%-37.4%
California	Legislature	Failed[24]	Proposition 6	Removed the penal exception clause from California's State Constitution, and constitutionally banned involuntary servitude as a whole.	Nov 5	>50%	53.3%%-46.7%
	Citizens	Approved[165]	Proposition 36	Classifies certain drug offenses as felonies; increases penalties for certain drug crimes; increases sentences for theft depending on property value.			68.4%-31.6%
Colorado	Legislature	Approved[30]	Amendment I	Removes right to bail for first-degree murder when proof is evident.	Nov 5	55%	68.3%-31.7%
	Citizens	Approved[30]	Proposition 128	Requires offenders convicted of certain violent crimes to serve at least 85% of their sentence before being eligible for parole; requires offenders with two prior violent crime convictions to serve their full sentence before beginning parole.	Nov 5	>50%	62.1%-37.9%
	Citizens	Approved[30]	Proposition 130	Provides $350 million in additional funding to law enforcement to help recruit, train, and retain police officers; provides additional benefits to families of officers killed in the line of duty.[166]	Nov 5		52.8%-47.2%

State	Origin	Status	Measure	Description (Result of a "yes" vote)	Date	% req.	Result
Alaska	Citizens	On ballot	Ballot Measure 1	Increases the minimum wage to $15/hr (currently $11.73/hr) by July 2027; provides 40–56 hours of paid sick leave a year depending on employer size; protects employees from being required to attend meetings on political and religious matters.	Nov 5	>50%	TBD
Arizona	Legislature	Failed[164]	Proposition 138	Permits employers to pay tipped employees up to 25% less than the minimum wage (currently $14.35/hr), but only if the employee received the minimum wage plus $2 for every hour worked.	Nov 5	>50%	TBD
California	Citizens	Approved[167]	Proposition 32	Increases the minimum wage to $18/hr (currently $16/hr) by 2026, subject to annual increase based on inflation.	Nov 5	>50%	TBD
Massachusetts	Citizens	On ballot	Question 5	Increases the minimum wage for tipped employees (currently $6.75/hr) to the state minimum wage of $15/hr by 2029 while continuing to permit tipping.	Nov 5	>50%	TBD
Missouri	Citizens	Approved[161]	Proposition A	Increases the minimum wage to $15/hr (currently $12.30/hr) by 2026; requires 1 hour of paid sick leave per 30 hours worked.	Nov 5	>50%	TBD
Nebraska	Citizens	Approved[168]	Initiative 436	Requires between five and seven days of paid sick leave for employees depending on the size of the business.	Nov 5	>50%[f]	TBD

State	Origin	Status	Measure	Description (Result of a "yes" vote)	Date	% req.	Result
California	Legislature	Approved[169]	Proposition 3	Repeals 2008's Proposition 8, which outlawed same-sex marriage in the state.	Nov 5	>50%	TBD
Colorado	Legislature	Approved[30]	Amendment J	Repeals 2006's Amendment 43, which outlawed same-sex marriage in the state.	Nov 5	>50%	TBD
Hawaii	Legislature	Approved[170]	2802 HD1	Repeals the state legislature's authority to restrict same-sex marriage.	Nov 5	>50%[g]	TBD

State	Origin	Status	Measure	Description (Result of a "yes" vote)	Date	% req.	Result
Arkansas	Citizens	On ballot, votes will not be counted[171]	Issue 3	Adds a new subsection to the state constitution that would prohibit legislators from changing or repealing constitutional amendments without approval from voters unless the amendment expressly allows them to do so. This measure also expands the current medical marijuana program to allow physicians to recommend marijuana to patients for any debillitating medical condition and allows the growing of up to 14 plants for patients at least 21 years of age.	Nov 5	>50%	TBD
Florida	Citizens	Failed[172]	Amendment 3	Legalizes possession of up to 3 ounces of marijuana for adults aged 21 and over, allows Medical Marijuana Treatment Centers, and other state licensed entities, to acquire, process and distribute cannabis products.	Nov 5	>60%	TBD
Nebraska	Citizens	Approved[173][174]	Initiative 437	Legalizes the use of up to five ounces of marijuana for medical use by qualified patients.	Nov 5	>60%	71%-29%
North Dakota	Legislature	Failed[175]	Constitutional Measure 5	Legalizes production, processing, and sale of marijuana for recreational use for adults 21 and older.	Nov 5	>50%	TBD
South Dakota	Citizens	Failed[176]	Initiated Measure 29	Legalizes the possession of, distribution and recreational usage of marijuana for adults 21 or older.[177]	Nov 5	>50%	TBD

State	Origin	Status	Measure	Description (Result of a "yes" vote)	Date	% req.	Result
Alaska	Citizens	Failed[178]	Ballot Measure 2	Repeals the state's top-four primaries and ranked-choice elections.[179]	Nov 5	>50%	50.1%-49.9%[180]
Arizona	Legislature	Failed[164]	Proposition 133	Prohibits nonpartisan primaries.[181]	Nov 5	>50%	57.8-42.2
	Citizens	Failed[164]	Proposition 140	Requires majority vote to be used in general elections, and creates nonpartisan primaries.[182]			58.7-41.3
Colorado	Citizens	Failed[30]	Proposition 131	Implements a top-four nonpartisan primary; with ranked-choice voting for the general election for state and federal offices.[183]	Nov 5	>50%	53.5%-46.5%[180]
District of Columbia	Citizens	Approved[184]	Initiative 83	Allows independent voters to participate in partisan primaries and implements ranked-choice voting.[46]	Nov 5	>50%	72.9-27.1
Idaho	Legislature	Approved[185]	Citizenship Requirement for Voting	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote.[58]	Nov 5	>50%	64.9%-35.1%[180]
	Citizens	Failed	Proposition 1	Implements a top-four nonpartisan primary; with ranked-choice voting for the general election for state, county, and federal offices.[59]			69.6%-30.4%[180]
Kentucky	Legislature	Approved	Amendment 1	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote.[66]	Nov 5	>50%	62.4%-37.6%[180]
Missouri	Legislature	Approved[161]	Amendment 7	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote, and ban ranked-choice voting in the state.[86]	Nov 5	>50%	68.4%-31.6%[180]
Montana	Citizens	Failed[186]	CI-126	Implements top-four primaries for state and federal offices.[187]	Nov 5	>50%	51.1-48.9
	Citizens	Failed[188]	CI-127	Requires the state to adopt an election system where the winner must receive a majority of the vote.[189]			60.4-39.6
Nevada	Citizens	Failed[102]	Question 3	Implements a top-five nonpartisan primary; with ranked-choice voting for the general election for state and federal offices.[183]	Nov 5	>50%	53%-47%[180]
North Carolina	Legislature	Approved[190]	Citizenship Requirement for Voting	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote.[191]	Nov 5	>50%	77.6%-22.4%[180]
Oklahoma	Legislature	Approved[192]	State Question 834	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote.[193]	Nov 5	>50%	80.7%-19.3%[180]
Oregon	Legislature	Failed	Measure 117	Implements ranked-choice voting for primary and general elections for statewide executive and federal offices.[194]	Nov 5	>50%	57.7%-42.3%[180]
South Carolina	Legislature	Approved[195]	Citizenship Requirement for Voting	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote.[196]	Nov 5	>50%	85.9%-14,1%[180]
South Dakota	Citizens	Failed[197]	Amendment H	Implements top-two primaries for state, county, and federal offices.[198]	Nov 5	>50%	65.6%-34.4%[180]
Wisconsin	Legislature	Approved[199]	Citizenship Voting Requirement	Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote.[200]	Nov 5	>50%	70.5%-29.5%[180]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: would exempt locally-focused bills, including constitutional amendments, from the budget isolation resolution process. This amendment did not pass.^[201]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: would let the Franklin County Board of Education be able to sell, manage, lease land or natural resources from lands in the county schools system within Walker and Fayette counties.^[202]

• Indirect initiated state statute: This amendment would require that the minimum be increased to $15 per hour by July 1, 2027, give employees the ability to receive up to 56 hours of paid sick leave a year if their employer has 15 employees or more, and if their employer has less than 15 employees they can get up to 40 hours of paid sick leave. Also bars employers from taking action against employees who refuse to attend employer sponsored meetings regarding religious or political matters.^[203]
• Indirect initiated state statue: Would have repealed the ranked choice voting system that was started in 2020. This amendment failed.^[204]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Proposition 133, a legislatively-referred constitutional amendment that would require a partisan primary election for partisan offices.^[205]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Proposition 134, creates a constitutional signature distribution requirement for citizen-initiated ballot measures based on state legislative districts raising the requirement from 10% of voters to 15%.^[206]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Proposition 135, would allow the legislature to terminate a state of emergency or alter the emergency powers of the governor during the emergency; requires emergencies declared by the governor to terminate automatically in 30 days unless extended by legislative approval.^[207]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Proposition 136, Would provide challenges to an initiative measure or constitutional amendment after the filing of the measure with the Secretary of State.^[208]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Proposition 137, Would end term limits for state supreme court justices and superior court judge and replace it with terms of good behavior through a judicial review commission.^[209]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Proposition 138, Allows tipped workers to be paid 25% less per hour than the minimum wage if any tips received by the employee were not less than the minimum wage plus $2 for all hours worked.^[210]
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Proposition 139, established a state constitutional right to abortion. This amendment passed.^[211]
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Proposition 140, would require majority vote to be used in general elections, and, contradicting Proposition 133, create nonpartisan primaries.^[182]
• Legislatively-referred statute: Proposition 311, establishes a $20 fee on every conviction for a criminal offense, which would go to a $250,000 benefit to the family of a first responder killed in the line of duty.^[212]
• Legislatively-referred statute: Proposition 313, Provides life imprisonment for an individual who is convicted of sex trafficking of a child.^[213]
• Legislatively-referred statute: Proposition 314, Authorise state and local police to arrest noncitizens who cross the border unlawfully, allows state judges to order deportations, require the use of the e-verify program for some public governmental programs and employment eligibility purposes, and make the sale of fentanyl a Class 2 felony if a person knowingly sells fentanyl resulting in the death of another person.^[214]
• Legislatively-referred statute: Proposition 315, Prohibits proposed rule from becoming effective if that rule is estimated to increase regulatory costs by more than $500,000 within five years after implementation, until the legislature enacts legislation ratifying the proposed rule.^[215]

• Citizen-initiated amendment: Repeals the authorisation for a casino license in Pope County and require countywide voter approval for any new casino licenses.^[216]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Allows state lottery proceeds to fund scholarships and grants for vocational and technical colleges.^[217]

• Legislatively-referred statute: Proposition 1, Changes the funding structure and name of the Mental Health Services Act, issues bonds for veteran housing and homeless projects. This amendment passed.^[218]

• Bond Issue: Would issue $10 billion in bonds to fund construction and modernisation of public education facilities.
• Citizen-initiated statute: Increases minimum wage to $18 by 2026^[219]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: lowers vote threshold from 66.67% to 55% for local special taxes and bond measures to fund housing projects
• Citizen-initiated statute: Repeals the Costa Hawkins Rental Housing Act; removes ability of state to limit local rent control^[220]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Repeals Proposition 8 and establish a right to marry regardless of sex^[221]
• Citizen-initiated amendment: would all state or local taxes be approved by two-thirds of the electorate for either jurisdiction
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Requires ballot measures which raise vote thresholds to supermajority votes to pass by the same proposed threshold first
• Legislatively-referred amendment: ACA 8, would repeal the prisoner exception from California's constitutional ban on slavery, and prohibit the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from disciplining any incarcerated person for refusing a work assignment, while allowing for the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to award credits to an incarcerated person who voluntarily accepts a work assignment.^[222]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Would repeal constitutional requirement that voters approve publicly-funded housing developments at certain rent levels.^[223]
• Citizen-initiated statute: Repeals the Private Attorneys General Act.^[224]
• Citizen-initiated amendment/statute: increases the income tax by 0.75% for 10 years to develop the California Pandemic Early Detection and Prevention Institute.^[225]
• Veto referendum: Repeals SB 1137, which would prohibit the construction of oil and gas wells within health protection zones.^[226]
• Veto referendum: repeals AB 257, which would establish a fast-food workers council.^[227]

• Legislatively-referred statute: Would impose a 6.5% excise tax on firearms and ammunition sales to fund crime victim services, education, and mental health programs for children and veterans.^[228]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Creates an independent judicial discipline adjudicative board to create rules for the judicial discipline process.
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Changes the deadlines for filing initiative and referendum petition signatures and judicial retention notice deadlines to remove one week in order to allow one extra week for the secretary of state to certify ballot order and content and election officials' deadline to transmit ballots.
• Citizen-initiated statute: Prohibit trophy hunting, defined as "intentionally killing, wounding, pursuing, or entrapping a mountain lion, bobcat, or lynx; or discharging or releasing any deadly weapon at a mountain lion, bobcat, or lynx".^[229]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Extends property tax exemption for veterans with disabilities to veterans with individual unemployability status.
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Requires statewide voter approval for local governments to retain property tax revenue which exceeds 4% from the total statewide property tax revenue collected in the previous year.
• Legislative-referred amendment: Remove Constitutional Same-Sex Marriage Ban Amendment, would remove the provision of the state constitution that says "Only a union of one man and one woman shall be valid or recognised as a marriage in this state".^[230]
• Legislative-referred amendment: Removes the right to bail in cases of first degree murder when the proof is evident or the presumption is great.^[231]
• Legislatively-referred statute: Allows the state to retain tax revenue collected above $29 million annually from the tax on sports betting proceeds.^[232]
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative, also known as Amendment 79 would create a right to abortion in the state constitution and repeal constitutional provision banning the use of public funds for abortion.^[233]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Authorizes the state legislature to provide by law for no-excuse absentee voting^[234]

NOTE: Proposed amendments, whether initiated by the legislature or by citizen petition, must receive 60% in favor in order to pass.

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Amendment 1, Makes school board elections partisan instead of nonpartisan, allows for partisan primaries for school board elections starting in 2026.^[235]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Amendment 2, Gives a state constitutional right to hunt and fish.^[236]
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Amendment 3, would legalize possession of up to 3 ounces of recreational cannabis for adults aged 21 and over, allows Medical Marijuana Treatment Centers, and other state licensed entities, to acquire, process and distribute cannabis products. This amendment failed.^[172]
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Amendment 4, would legalize abortion up to viability, would require parental consent for minors who are pregnant.
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Amendment 5, Provide for an annual inflation adjustment for the value of the homestead property tax exemption.
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Amendment 6, would repeal an amendment to provide public funding for candidates who agree to spending limits for their campaigns.

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Georgia Creation of Tax Court Amendment, would create the Georgia Tax Court which would have "concurrent jurisdiction with the state business court and superior courts in equity cases."^[237]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Georgia Personal Property Tax Exemption Increase Measure, this would increase the personal property tax exemption from $7,500 to $20,000.^[238]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Amend the state constitution so that only US citizens may be able to vote in Idaho.^[239]
• Initiated state statute: This would replace partisan primary elections with an open "top-four" nonpartisan primary election for the US Senate and US House, state offices and county elected offices. A ranked-choice voting system would be created for general elections.^[240]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Removes the superintendent of public instruction from the gubernatorial line of succession.^[241]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Iowa Require Citizenship to Vote in State Elections and Allow 17-Year-Olds to Vote in Primaries Amendment: A legislatively-referred constitutional amendment that would add only a citizen of the U.S., rather than every citizen of the U.S., can vote; and supports allowing 17-year-olds who will be 18 by the general election to vote in primary elections.^[242] This amendment passed.^[243]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Would provide for the lieutenant governor to assume the office of governor for the remainder of the term if the governor dies, resigns or is removed from office.^[244] This amendment passed.^[243]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: School choice amendment: would allow the Kentucky General Assembly to fund charter schools.
• Legislatively-referred amendment: would ban noncitizens from voting.^[245]

• Legislatively-referred statute: State flag referendum, would change the flag of Maine; the candidate flag is a modernized version of the state's previous flag previous 1901 flag.^[246][247]
• Indirect initiated state statue: Campaign Contribution Limits Initiative, would limit the number of campaign contributions made by individuals and entities toward political action committees (PACs) to $5,000 per year.^[248]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Maryland Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment: A legislatively-referred constitutional amendment that would add a new article into the Maryland Constitution's Declaration of Rights establishing a "right to reproductive freedom".^[249]

• Voter referendum: An initiative to remove the MCAS test as requirement to graduate high school.^[250]
• Voter referendum: An initiative to raise the minimum wage for tipped workers.^[250]
• Voter referendum: An initiative to authorize the state auditor to audit the state legislature, and remove some existing regulations regarding the auditing process.^[250]
• Voter referendum: An initiative to legalize some psychedelic substances for medical and research use.^[250] This referendum failed.^[251]
• There are 2 competing questions that relate to the classification of app based workers such as Uber drivers.^[250]
• Voter referendum: One would consider app-based drivers to be independent contractors and enacts several labor policies related to app-based companies.^[250]
• Voter referendum: The second would allow these app based workers to unionize and use collective bargaining.^[250]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Extends lottery-derived revenue direction to Environment and Natural Resources Fund for 25 years

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Allows for property tax exemption for childcare facilities.^[252]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Raises the minimum funding level for the Kansas City Police Department. This Amendment passed.^[253][254]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: A legislatively-referred constitutional amendment that would add only a citizen of the U.S., rather than every citizen of the U.S., can vote. Would also prohibit ranked-choice voting.^[255]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Define the administration of justice to include the levying of costs and fees to support the salaries and benefits for law enforcement personnel.
• Citizen-initiated statute: Establish a $13.75 per hour minimum wage by 2025, which would be increased by $1.25 per hour each year until 2026, when it is increased to $15 an hour; also requires employers to provide one hour of paid sick leave for every 30 hours worked.
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Amendment 3, establishes right to reproductive freedom and legalizes abortion until fetal viability.
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Legalizes and regulates sports betting in Missouri.

• Citizen-initiated amendment: CI-126, create a top-four styled primary where candidates would run regardless of party for governor, lieutenant governor and other state executive positions along with state legislators "and congressional officers". The candidates that get the top four largest amount of the vote would go onto the general election regardless of whichever party they belong to.^[256]

• Citizen-initiated amendment: Nebraska Measure 434. Limit abortion after the first trimester of pregnancy except when medically necessary or in cases of sexual assault or incest. This amendment passed.^[257]
• Citizen-initiated state statute: Nebraska Measure 436: Nebraska Paid Sick Leave Initiative. Require employers to give sick leave for employees. Those who work less than 80 hours during a single "calendar year" would not be included. Employers who have less than 20 employees they would have to provide 40 hours per year per employee. While those who have over 20 must provide 56 hours per employee.^[258] This amendment passed.^[259]
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Nebraska Measure 437, legalizes the use of up to five ounces of marijuana for medical use by qualified patients. This amendment passed, amid ongoing legal challenges.^[173]

• Voter referendum: would repeal tax credit for taxpayers who contribute to education scholarships.^[260]

As of September 2024, six ballot measures have been certified to appear on the 2024 general election ballot:

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Question 1, A legislative-initiated initiative to remove the constitutional status of the Nevada Board of Regents (similar language as State Question 1 in 2022);^[261]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Question 2, A legislative-initiated initiative to revise language regarding public entities that benefit individuals with mental illness, blindness, or deafness;^[262]
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative, a ballot initiative to amend the state constitution to change state and federal elections to use Nonpartisan blanket primaries in the first round of elections and ranked-choice voting in the second round among the top five candidates. Amendment was first approved by voters in 2022.^[263]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Question 4, A legislative-initiated initiative to remove a penal exception for slavery and involuntary servitude from the state constitution;^[264]
• Legislatively-referred statute: Question 5, would create a sales tax exemption for child and adult diapers.^[265]
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative, this would provide for a state constitutional right to an abortion until a person reaches fetal viability.^[266]
• Citizen-initiated amendment: Question 7: Voter Identification Initiative, amending the constitution to require that Nevada residents present a form of photo identification to verify their identity while voting in person, or to verify their identity using the last four digits of their driver's license or social security number when voting by mail.^[267]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Increase Mandatory Judicial Retirement Age Amendment, This would increase the mandatory retirement age for anyone serving as a judge in New Hampshire from 70 to 75.^[268][269]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Proportionally applies disabled veterans property tax exemption according to veteran's disability rating
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Increases property tax exemption for veterans from $4,000 to $10,000, adjusting for inflation

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Equal Protection of Law Amendment: would amend the Equal Protection Clause of the state constitution to ensure equality under the law regardless of "ethnicity, national origin, age, disability", and "sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy".^[270] Current text, drafted in 1938, only protects "race, color, creed, or religion".

The Amendment passed by 62.5% of the vote.^[271]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Initiative Measure 1 places an age limit of 81 years old for one to be elected or appointed to the US Senate or US House of Representatives if an "individual would become 81 years old by December 31 of the year preceding the end of their term". This amendment passed.^[272]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Constitutional Measure 1, would update language in state constitution to reflect changes in language regarding disabilities.
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Constitutional Measure 2, would institute a single-subject rule for citizen initiatives, increase petition threshold and require passage of citizen-initiated constitutional amendments at two consecutive elections
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Constitutional Measure 3, would change requirements for transfers from the state legacy fund
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Constitutional Measure 4, would prohibit all political subdivisions from levying any property tax
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Constitutional Measure 5, legalizes production, processing, and sale of marijuana for recreational use. This measure failed.^[174]

• Citizen-initiated amendment: Issue 1, would replace the seven-member Ohio Redistricting Commission, consisting of elected officials, with an Ohio Citizens Redistricting Commission (CRC), a 15-member citizen-only non-partisan commission for redrawing congressional and legislative districts

• Legislatively referred amendment: State Question 834, asked whether those who are only US citizens and are 18 years old or older to be able to vote. This amendment passed.^[273]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: A measure to establish an Independent Public Service Compensation Commission to determine certain public officials' salaries. This amendment failed.^[274]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: A measure that would create ranked-choice elections for US President, US Senator, US Representative, Governor, State Secretary of State, State Attorney General, State Treasurer, Commissioner of Labor and Industries starting in 2028. This amendment failed.^[275]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Allows for the Legislature to impeach state elected officials. This amendment passed.^[276]

• Constitutional convention question: would ask voters on whether to hold a state constitutional convention

• Legislatively-referred amendment: A legislatively-referred constitutional amendment that would add only a citizen of the U.S., rather than every citizen of the U.S., can vote. This amendment passed.^[277]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Amendment E: Would change male-oriented language in state constitution to gender-neutral language. This amendment failed^[278]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Amendment H: Would create a top-two styled primary system in elections for governor, state legislature, a county office, US Senate and the US House of Representatives. This amendment failed.^[279]
• Citizen-initiated-statute: Initiated Measure 28: Ban placing a state sales tax on items sold for human consumption with the exception of alcohol or "prepared food". This amendment failed.^[280]
• Citizen-initiated-statute: Initiated Measure 29: Legalize the possession of, distribution and recreational usage of marijuana for those who are at least 21 years of age. This amendment failed.^[177]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Increases the annual distributions from the State School Fund for public education from 4% to 5%. This amendment passed.^[281]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Provides for elections of county sheriffs to serve four-year terms. This amendment passed.^[282]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Would have repealed constitutional requirement that income tax and intangible property tax revenue collected by the state government be distributed to educational funding; allows for distribution of revenue to other purposes by the state after educational funding requirements are met.^[283]

• Citizen-initiated statute: Initiative 2066: would prohibit the state and local governments from passing laws restricting the ability of homes and businesses to use and access natural gas, would require utilities that use natural gas to install it in homes, and would prohibiting changes to the law to make natural gas more expensive or less competitive.^[284]
• Initiative to the Legislature: Initiative 2109: would repeal the passage of SB 5096-2021-22, which imposed a 7% capital gains tax on the sale of capital assets worth more than $250,000.^[285]
• Initiative to the Legislature: Initiative 2117: would repeal the passage of the 2021 Washington Climate Commitment Act (CCA), which created a maximum legal amount of carbon emissions for the state and requires companies with emissions exceeding 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year to pay a tax commiserate to the amount of carbon released by the company over the previous year.^[286]
• Initiative to the Legislature: Initiative 2124: would allow individuals and businesses to opt out of the WA Cares program, a long term disability program created by the state in 2019.^[287]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: would amend West Virginia's constitution to prohibit medically assisted suicide. This amendment passed.^[288]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: provides that only election officials designated by law may administer elections. This amendment passed.^[289]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: prohibits all levels of government in the state from receiving non-governmental funding or equipment for election administration. This amendment passed.^[290]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Would have banned the Wisconsin State Legislature from "delegating its power to appropriate money". This amendment did not pass.^[291]
• Legislatively-referred amendment: Would have required the Governor of Wisconsin to get approval from the state legislature in order to spend federal money which has been appropriated to Wisconsin. The amendment did not pass.^[292]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: would specify that only citizens aged 18 and above may vote in elections at all levels of government. This amendment passed.^[293]

• Legislatively-referred amendment: Allows legislature to exempt property from taxation in part in full "to preserve home ownership in Wyoming for the elderly and infirm if necessary for the support of the poor.".^[294]

• 2024 Puerto Rican status referendum

• Initiative: Initiative 83, eliminate closed party primaries, establish ranked choice-voting starting in 2026 and create a semi-open primary where voters unaffiliated with a party can vote in the party primary. This measure passed.^[295]

• 2024 U.S. state ballot measures at Ballotpedia