List of Columbiformes by population

This is a list of Columbiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

This list is not comprehensive, as not all Columbiformes have had their populations quantified.

The IOC World Bird List (version 15.1) recognizes 352 species of Columbiformes, 13 of which are extinct.[1] This list follows IUCN classifications for species names and taxonomy. Where IUCN classifications differ from other ornithological authorities, alternative names and taxonomies are noted.

Some members of Columbiformes are extinct:

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Purple-winged ground dove Claravis geoffroyi 0-49[16] CR[16] ?[16] May be extinct. Only one sighting since 2008.[16]
Negros fruit dove Ptilinopus arcanus 0-49[17] CR[17] ?[17] May be extinct. Last and only specimen collected in 1953.[17]
Silvery pigeon Columba argentina 1-49[18] CR[18] [18] May be an underestimate, due to difficulty of identification.[18]
Sulu bleeding-heart Gallicolumba menagei 1-49[19] CR[19] ?[19] May be extinct. Last and only specimens were collected in 1891.[19]
Tooth-billed pigeon Didunculus strigirostris 25-75[20] CR[20] [20] Total population is estimated to be 50-150 individuals.[20]
Mindoro bleeding-heart Gallicolumba platenae 50-249[21] CR[21] [21] Total population is estimated to be 70-400 individuals.[21]
Negros bleeding-heart Gallicolumba keayi 50-249[22] CR[22] [22] Total population is estimated to be 70-400 individuals.[22]
Black-naped pheasant-pigeon Otidiphaps insularis 50-249[23] CR[23] [23] IOC taxonomy maintains this species (O. n. insularis) as a subspecies of the pheasant pigeon (O. nobilis).[1]
Marquesan ground dove Pampusana rubescens 50-249[24] EN[24] [24]
Blue-eyed ground dove Columbina cyanopis 70-180[25] CR[25] [25] Total population is estimated to be 110-260 individuals.[25]
Rapa fruit dove Ptilinopus huttoni 97-162[26] CR[26] [26] Total population is estimated to be 145-243 individuals.[26]
Grenada dove Leptotila wellsi 136-182[27] CR[27] [27]
Socorro dove Zenaida graysoni 150[28] EW[28] N/A Value is an approximate value of individuals in captivity. Not recorded in the wild since 1972. Re-introductions are planned.[28]
Polynesian ground dove Pampusana erythroptera 150[29] CR[29] [29] Total population is estimated to be 200 individuals.[29]
Nuku Hiva imperial pigeon Ducula galeata 200-249[30] EN[30] [30] Total population is estimated to be at least 300 individuals.[30]
Caroline Islands ground dove

(White-fronted ground dove)

Pampusana kubaryi 200-500[31] EN[31] [31] Total population is estimated to be 312-715 individuals.[31]
Santa Cruz ground dove Pampusana sanctaecrucis 218-1,070[32] EN[32] [32] Total population is estimated to be 300-1,600 individuals.[32]
Palau ground dove Pampusana canifrons 250-999[33] EN[33] [33] Total population is likely lower than 500 individuals.
Tuxtla quail-dove Zentrygon carrikeri 250-999[34] EN[34] [34] Total population is estimated to be 350-1,500 individuals.[34]
Chatham Islands pigeon Hemiphaga chathamensis 250-999[35] VU[35] [35]
Pink pigeon Nesoenas mayeri 250-999[36] VU[36] [36] Total population is estimated to fall approximately between 300-500 individuals.[36]
Makatea fruit dove Ptilinopus chalcurus 300-1,500[37] VU[37] [37] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 650-750. Total population is estimated to be approximately 1,000 individuals.[37]
Tawitawi brown dove Phapitreron cinereiceps 500-2,500[38] EN[38] [38]
Polynesian imperial pigeon Ducula aurorae 570-1,200[39] EN[39] [39] Total population is estimated to be 867-1,677 individuals.[39]
White-fronted quail-dove Geotrygon leucometopia 600-1,700[40] EN[40] [40] Total population is estimated to be 1,000-2,499 individuals.[40]
Purple quail-dove Geotrygon purpurata 600-1,700[41] EN[41] [41] Total population is estimated to be 1,000-2,499 individuals.[41]
Blue-headed quail-dove Starnoenas cyanocephala 600-1,700[42] EN[42] [42] Total population is estimated to be 1,000-2,499 individuals.[42]
Timor green pigeon Treron psittaceus 660-2,000[43] EN[43] [43] Total population is estimated to be 1,000-3,000 individuals.[43]
Mindoro imperial pigeon Ducula mindorensis 800-3,000[44] NT[44] ?[44] Estimate is a preliminary and somewhat arbitrary, based on best guess of species density.[44]
Russet-crowned quail-dove Zentrygon goldmani 800-6,400[45] NT[45] [45]
Vanuatu imperial pigeon Ducula bakeri 800-23,000[46] LC[46] ?[46] Best estimate for number of mature individuals in 2,500-23,000. Total population is estimated to be 1,200 - 35,000 individuals.[46]
Raiatea fruit dove Ptilinopus chrysogaster 1,000-2,499[47] EN[47] [47]
Comoro green pigeon Treron griveaudi 1,000-2,499[48] EN[48] [48]
New Britain bronzewing Henicophaps foersteri 1,000-2,499[49] VU[49] [49] Total population is estimated to be less than 5,000 individuals.[49]
Rarotonga fruit dove

(Lilac-crowned fruit dove)

Ptilinopus rarotongensis 1,000-2,499[50] NT[50] [50] Total population is estimated to be 560-3,400 individuals.[50]
White-tailed laurel pigeon

(Laurel pigeon)

Columba junoniae 1,000-2,500[51] NT[51] ?[51] Total population is estimated to be 1,500-3,800 individuals, though this may be an underestimate.[51]
Plain pigeon Patagioenas inornata 1,000-4,100[52] NT[52] [52] Total population is estimated to be 1,500-6,100 individuals.[52]
Chestnut-bellied imperial pigeon Ducula brenchleyi 1,100-19,999[53] NT[53] [53]
Spotted imperial pigeon Ducula carola 1,200-3,200[54] VU[54] [54] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,000-3,200.[54]
Taiwan green pigeon Treron formosae 1,250-2,000[55] NT[55] [55]
Wetar ground dove Pampusana hoedtii 1,500-7,000[56] EN[56] [56] Total population is estimated to be 2,500-9,999 individuals.[56]
Grey-fronted quail-dove Geotrygon caniceps 1,500-7,000[57] VU[57] [57] Total population is estimated to be 2,500-9,999 individuals.[57]
Comoro olive pigeon Columba pollenii 1,500-7,000[58] NT[58] [58] Total population is estimated to be 2,500-9,999 individuals.[58]
Yellow-legged pigeon Columba pallidiceps 2,500-9,999[59] VU[59] [59]
Pale-capped pigeon Columba punicea 2,500-9,999[60] VU[60] [60] Total population is estimated to be 3,500-15,000 individuals.[60]
Sri Lanka wood pigeon Columba torringtoniae 2,500-9,999[61] VU[61] [61] Total population is estimated to be 3,500-15,000 individuals.[61]
Western crowned pigeon Goura cristata 2,500-9,999[62] VU[62] [62] Total population is estimated to be 3,500-15,000 individuals.[62]
Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon Goura scheepmakeri 2,500-9,999[63] VU[63] [63] The southern crowned pigeon has been split into this species and Sclater's crowned pigeon (G. sclateri).
Ochre-bellied dove Leptotila ochraceiventris 2,500-9,999[64] VU[64] [64] Total population is estimated to be 3,500-15,000 individuals.[64]
Ring-tailed pigeon Patagioenas caribaea 2,500-9,999[65] VU[65] [65] Total population is estimated to be 3,500-15,000 individuals.[65]
Dark-eared brown dove

(Mindanao brown dove)

Phapitreron brunneiceps 2,500-9,999[66] VU[66] [66]
Carunculated fruit dove Ptilinopus granulifrons 2,500-9,999[67] VU[67] [67]
Flores green pigeon Treron floris 2,500-9,999[68] VU[68] [68] Total population is estimated to be 3,500-15,000 individuals.[68]
Pemba green pigeon Treron pembaensis 2,500-9,999[69] VU[69] [69] Total population is estimated to be 3,500-15,000 individuals, but this may be a large overestimate.[69]
Andaman wood pigeon Columba palumboides 2,500-9,999[70] NT[70] [70]
Enggano imperial pigeon Ducula oenothorax 2,500-9,999[71] NT[71] [71] Total population is estimated to be 3,500-15,000 individuals.[71]
Enggano cuckoo-dove Macropygia cinnamomea 2,500-9,999[72] NT[72] [72]
Peruvian pigeon

(Maranon pigeon)

Patagioenas oenops 2,500-9,999[73] NT[73] [73]
Black cuckoo-dove Turacoena modesta 2,500-9,999[74] NT[74] [74]
Grey-green fruit dove Ptilinopus purpuratus 2,500-9,999[75] LC[75] ?[75]
Dark-tailed laurel pigeon

(Bolle's pigeon)

Columba bollii 2,500-10,000[76] LC[76] [76]
Micronesian imperial pigeon Ducula oceanica 2,500-12,200[77] VU[77] [77] Best estimate for number of mature individuals in 8,000. Total population is estimated to be 3,800-18,200 individuals[77]
São Tomé olive pigeon Columba thomensis 2,600-3,700[78] EN[78] [78] Total population is estimated to be 3,893-5,497 individuals.[78]
Atoll fruit dove Ptilinopus coralensis 2,800-5,600[79] NT[79] [79] Total population is estimated to be 4,200-8,400 individuals.[79]
Henderson Island fruit dove

(Henderson fruit dove)

Ptilinopus insularis 3,000-4,000[80] VU[80] [80]
Whistling dove Ptilinopus layardi 3,000-10,000[81] NT[81] [81] Total population is estimated to be 5,000-15,000 individuals.[81]

IUCN/BirdLife International give the binomial name Chrysoena viridis.

Silver-capped fruit dove Ptilinopus richardsii 3,300-11,500[82] LC[82] [82] Precautionary estimate.[82]
Pink-bellied imperial pigeon Ducula poliocephala 5,000-15,000[83] NT[83] [83]
Luzon bleeding-heart Gallicolumba luzonica 5,000-25,000[84] NT[84] [84]
Cream-bellied fruit dove

(Cream-breasted fruit dove)

Ptilinopus merrilli 5,000-30,000[85] NT[85] [85] IUCN/BirdLife International place species in genus Ramphiculus.
Red-naped fruit dove Ptilinopus dohertyi 5,600-6,000[86] VU[86] [86]
Mariana fruit dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla 7,500-12,500[87] NT[87] [87] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 10,000. Total population is estimated to be 16,230 individuals.[87]
Timor imperial pigeon Ducula cineracea 7,500-20,000[88] NT[88] [88]
Grey imperial pigeon Ducula pickeringii 7,500-26,500[89] NT[89] [89] Total population is estimated to be 9,300-33,000 individuals.[89]
Flame-breasted fruit dove Ptilinopus marchei 8,000-15,000[90] NT[90] [90] IUCN/BirdLife International place species in genus Ramphiculus.
Mindanao bleeding-heart Gallicolumba crinigera >10,000[91] VU[91] [91] Population has not been formally estimated, but is "likely to exceed 10,000 mature individuals".[91]
Andaman green pigeon Treron chloropterus >10,000[92] NT[92] [92] Highly uncertain estimate, given unknown impacts of hunting on population.[92]
Madeira laurel pigeon

(Trocaz pigeon)

Columba trocaz 10,000-14,000[93] LC[93] [93]
Sumba green pigeon Treron teysmannii 10,000-15,000[94] NT[94] [94]
Yellow-eyed pigeon Columba eversmanni 10,000-19,999[95] VU[95] [95] Total population is estimated to be 15,000-30,000 individuals.[95]
Large green pigeon Treron capellei 10,000-19,999[96] VU[96] [96] Preliminary estimate.[96]
Finsch's imperial pigeon Ducula finschii 10,000-19,999[97] NT[97] [97] Total population is estimated to be 15,000-30,000 individuals.[97]
Victoria crowned pigeon Goura victoria 10,000-19,999[98] NT[98] [98]
Tolima dove Leptotila conoveri 10,000-19,999[99] NT[99] [99] Total population is estimated to be 16,000-44,000 individuals.[99]
White-throated ground dove Pampusana xanthonura 10,000-19,999[100] NT[100] ?[100]
Pied cuckoo-dove Reinwardtoena browni 10,000-19,999[101] NT[101] [101] Total population is estimated to be 15,000-30,000 individuals.[101]
Buru green pigeon Treron aromaticus 10,000-19,999[102] NT[102] [102]
Nilgiri wood pigeon Columba elphinstonii 10,000-50,000[103] LC[103] ?[103]
Olive-backed quail-dove Leptotrygon veraguensis 20,000-49,999[104] LC[104] [104]
Chiriquí quail-dove Zentrygon chiriquensis 20,000-49,999[105] LC[105] [105]
Buff-fronted quail-dove Zentrygon costaricensis 20,000-49,999[106] LC[106] [106]
Purplish-backed quail-dove Zentrygon lawrencii 20,000-49,999[107] LC[107] [107]
Buru mountain pigeon Gymnophaps mada 20,000-50,000[108] LC[108] [108]
São Tomé green pigeon Treron sanctithomae 24,670-72,840[109] EN[109] [109] Total population is estimated to be 37,007-109,255 individuals.[109]
Christmas Island imperial pigeon

(Christmas imperial pigeon)

Ducula whartoni 35,000-66,000[110] LC[110] [110] Best estimate for mature individuals is 50,000.[110]
Bridled quail-dove Geotrygon mystacea 36,000-240,000[111] LC[111] [111] Total population is estimated to be 45,000-300,000 individuals.[111]
Yellowish imperial pigeon Ducula subflavescens 38,000-249,000[112] NT[112] [112] Total population is estimated to be 57,000-373,000 individuals.[112]
Brown-backed dove

(Azuero dove)

Leptotila battyi 50,000-99,999[113] VU[113] [113]
Blue-capped fruit dove Ptilinopus monacha 50,000-99,999[114] LC[114] [114] Total population is estimated to be 150,000 individuals.[114]
Violaceous quail-dove Geotrygon violacea 50,000-499,999[115] LC[115] [115]
Grey-chested dove Leptotila cassinii 50,000-499,999[116] LC[116] [116]
Caribbean dove Leptotila jamaicensis 50,000-499,999[117] LC[117] [117]
Grey-headed dove Leptotila plumbeiceps 50,000-499,999[118] LC[118] [118]
Maroon-chested ground dove Paraclaravis mondetoura 50,000-499,999[119] LC[119] [119]
White-faced quail-dove Zentrygon albifacies 50,000-499,999[120] LC[120] [120]
Ruddy quail-dove Geotrygon montana 50,000-500,000[121] LC[121] [121]
Short-billed pigeon Patagioenas nigrirostris 50,000-500,000[122] LC[122] [122]
Partridge pigeon Geophaps smithii 81,800-145,400[123] LC[123] [123] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 116,500. Populations given for two subspecies: G. smithii smithi (108,000) & G. smithii blaauwi (8,500).[123]
Cloven-feathered dove Drepanoptila holosericea 100,000-140,000[124] LC[124] [124] Total population is estimated to be > 140,000 individuals.[124]
New Caledonian imperial pigeon

(Goliath imperial pigeon)

Ducula goliath 100,000-220,000[125] NT[125] [125]
Red-knobbed imperial pigeon Ducula rubricera 150,000-750,000[126] LC[126] [126] Tentative estimate based on assumption that suitable habitat is 25-40% occupied.[126]
Spectacled imperial pigeon Ducula perspicillata 500,000-999,999[127] LC[127] [127]
Grey-fronted dove Leptotila rufaxilla 500,000-4,999,999[128] LC[128] [128] Values given are for total population.[128]
Zenaida dove Zenaida aurita 500,000-4,999,999[129] LC[129] [129]
Blue ground dove Claravis pretiosa 500,000-5,000,000[130] LC[130] [130]
Plain-breasted ground dove Columbina minuta 500,000-5,000,000[131] LC[131] [131]
Scaled pigeon Patagioenas speciosa 500,000-5,000,000[132] LC[132] [132]
White-crowned pigeon Patagioenas leucocephala 550,000[133] NT[133] [133]
Stock dove Columba oenas 1,700,000-2,860,000[134] LC[134] [134]
Red-billed pigeon Patagioenas flavirostris 2,000,000[135] LC[135] [135]
Laughing dove Spilopelia senegalensis 2,400,000-8,200,000[136] LC[136] [136] Preliminary estimate extrapolating from European population data.[136]
Inca dove Columbina inca 4,700,000[137] LC[137] [137]
Ruddy ground dove Columbina talpacoti 5,000,000-50,000,000[138] LC[138] [138]
Pale-vented pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis 5,000,000-50,000,000[139] LC[139] [139]
Ruddy pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea 5,000,000-50,000,000[140] LC[140] [140]
Northern band-tailed pigeon

(Band-tailed pigeon)

Patagioenas fasciata 6,100,000[141] LC[141] [141] IUCN/BirdLife International split the band-tailed pigeon into two species, this one and southern band-tailed pigeon (P. albilinea).[142]

IOC taxonomy maintains both within P. fasciata.[1]

Common ground dove Columbina passerina 11,000,000[143] LC[143] [143]
European turtle dove Streptopelia turtur 12,800,000 - 47,600,000[144] VU[144] [144]
White-winged dove Zenaida asiatica 14,000,000[145] LC[145] [145]
White-tipped dove Leptotila verreauxi 20,000,000[146] LC[146] [146]
Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto 40,000,000-75,000,000[147] LC[147] [147] Total population is estimated to be 60-110 million individuals. Includes population in introduced range.[147]
Common wood pigeon Columba palumbus 51,000,000-73,000,000[148] LC[148] [148] Preliminary estimate extrapolating from European population data.[148]
Rock dove Columba livia 140,000,000[149] LC[149] ?[149] Value given is for total population, which includes feral pigeon populations.[149]
Mourning dove Zenaida macroura 120,000,000-140,000,000[150] LC[150] [150]

Species without population estimates

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
White-naped pheasant-pigeon Otidiphaps aruensis unknown[151] VU[151] [151] IOC taxonomy maintains this species (O. n. aruensis) as a subspecies of the pheasant pigeon (O. nobilis).[1]
Sclater's crowned pigeon Goura sclaterii unknown[152] NT[152] [152] The southern crowned pigeon has been split into this species and Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon (G.scheepmakeri).
Grey-naped pheasant-pigeon Otidiphaps cervicalis unknown[153] LC[153] [153] IOC taxonomy maintains this species (O. n. cervicalis) as a subspecies of the pheasant pigeon (O. nobilis).[1]
Green-naped pheasant-pigeon Otidiphaps nobilis unknown[154] LC[154] [154] IOC taxonomy maintains this species (O. n. nobilis) as a subspecies of the pheasant pigeon (O. nobilis).[1]
Shy ground dove Pampusana stairi unknown[155] LC[155] [155] Population may be ~10,000 mature individuals, but recent surveys have failed to find numbers to support this; likely lower.[155]

See also

References

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