2024 Basque regional election

2024 Basque regional election
21 April 2024
All 75 seats in the Basque Parliament
38 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered1,795,213 0.0%
Turnout1,077,456 (60.0%)
9.2 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Imanol Pradales Pello Otxandiano Eneko Andueza
Party EAJ/PNV EH Bildu PSE–EE (PSOE)
Leader since 27 January 2024 11 December 2023 30 October 2021
Leader's seat Biscay Álava Biscay
Last election 31 seats, 38.7% 21 seats, 27.6% 10 seats, 13.5%
Seats won 27 27 12
Seat change 4 6 2
Popular vote 372,456 343,609 150,752
Percentage 34.8% 32.1% 14.1%
Swing 3.9 pp 4.5 pp 0.6 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Javier de Andrés Alba García Amaia Martínez
Party PP Sumar Vox
Leader since 4 November 2023 9 January 2024 3 August 2020
Leader's seat Álava Biscay (lost) Álava
Last election 6 seats, 6.7%[a] 2 seats (EP)[b] 1 seat, 1.9%
Seats won 7 1 1
Seat change 1 1 0
Popular vote 98,144 35,402 21,696
Percentage 9.2% 3.3% 2.0%
Swing 2.5 pp n/a 0.1 pp
Lehendakari before election

Iñigo Urkullu
EAJ/PNV

Elected Lehendakari

Imanol Pradales
EAJ/PNV

A regional election was held in the Basque Country on Sunday, 21 April 2024, to elect the 13th Parliament of the autonomous community. All 75 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

This election was the first since 2009 not to see Iñigo Urkullu as the leading candidate of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), after the party chose to replace the incumbent Lehendakari with a low profile politician at the provincial level, Imanol Pradales, following 12 years of uninterrupted government. The main opposition, EH Bildu, also ran under a new candidate, Pello Otxandiano, amid speculation that long-time leader Arnaldo Otegi could have led the candidacy following the end of his disqualification from running for public office. All other parliamentary parties but Podemos and Vox also ran under new candidates: Eneko Andueza by the Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE), Javier de Andrés by the People's Party (PP)—with the PP+Cs alliance being discontinued and Citizens (CS) deciding not to contest the election—and Alba García by Sumar.

The results showed a close race between the PNV and EH Bildu, with the latter slightly underperforming opinion polls but securing a large increase in its popular support. The PSE–EE, which had been the junior partner to the PNV-led government since 2016, saw an unexpected increase in support to secure its best result since 2012. The PP increased its seat totals by one compared to the PP+Cs results in 2020, whereas the dissolution of the Elkarrekin Podemos alliance saw Sumar clinging on to one seat and Podemos losing all its representation. Vox was able to retain its seat for Álava.

Overview

Under the 1979 Statute of Autonomy, the Basque Parliament was the unicameral legislature of the homonymous autonomous community, having legislative power in devolved matters, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a lehendakari.[1]

Electoral system

Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in the Basque Country and in full enjoyment of their political rights, provided that they were not sentenced—by a final court ruling—to deprivation of the right to vote.[2][3][4] Amendments to the electoral law in 2022 abolished the "begged" voting system (Spanish: Voto rogado), under which non-resident citizens were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote.[5] The expat vote system was attributed responsibility for a major decrease in the turnout of Spaniards abroad during the years it had been in force.[6]

The Basque Parliament was entitled to 75 seats. All members were elected in three multi-member constituencies—corresponding to the provinces of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa, with each being allocated a fixed number of 25 seats in order to provide for an equal parliamentary representation of the three provinces, as required under the regional statute of autonomy—using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional voting system, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes (which included blank ballots) being applied in each constituency.[2][7] The use of the electoral method resulted in a higher effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.[8]

The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacated seats; instead, any vacancies that occurred after the proclamation of candidates and into the legislative term were to be covered by the successive candidates in the list and, when required, by the designated substitutes.[9][10]

Election date

The term of the Basque Parliament expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Basque Country (BOPV), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication.[2][11][12] The previous election was held on 12 July 2020, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 12 July 2024. The election decree was required to be published in the BOPV no later than 18 June 2024, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible date for election day on Sunday, 11 August 2024.

The lehendakari had the prerogative to dissolve the Basque Parliament at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a lehendakari within a sixty-day period from the Parliament's reconvening, the chamber was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.[13]

Following the announcement by Galician president Alfonso Rueda of a snap election in Galicia for 18 February 2024,[14] Urkullu was asked whether he would follow suit and make both elections be held simultaneously—as it had been the case since 2009.[15] To this, he simply stated that "the Basque Country is not Galicia", distancing himself from Rueda's decision.[16] Instead, it was expected that the Basque election would most likely be held in March or April 2024, to allow for more time to approve a final set of bills in the Basque Parliament as well as to avoid a simultaneous call with the European Parliament election on 9 June.[17][18]

The Basque Parliament was officially dissolved on 27 February 2024 with the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOPV, setting election day for 21 April.[19]

Outgoing parliament

The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of dissolution.[20][21]

Parliamentary composition in February 2024
Groups Parties Legislators
Seats Total
Basque Nationalists Parliamentary Group EAJ/PNV 31 31
EH Bildu Parliamentary Group EH Bildu 21 21
Basque Socialists Parliamentary Group PSE–EE (PSOE) 10 10
Elkarrekin Podemos–IU Parliamentary Group Podemos 4 6
EzAn–IU 2
Basque People's Parliamentary Group[22] PP 5[c] 5
Mixed Group Vox 1 2
CS 1

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[24][25] Additionally, a balanced composition of men and women was required in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition.[26]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances 		Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Vote % Seats
EAJ/PNV
List
 Imanol Pradales Basque nationalism
Christian democracy
Social democracy 		38.7% 31 [27]
[28]
EH Bildu
List
 Pello Otxandiano Basque independence
Abertzale left
Socialism 		27.6% 21 [29]
[30]
PSE–EE
(PSOE)
List
 Eneko Andueza Social democracy 13.5% 10 [31]
Podemos–AV
List
 Miren Gorrotxategi Left-wing populism
Democratic socialism
9.3%
[d] 		6 [32]
[33]
[34]
Sumar
List
 Alba García Progressivism
Green politics
Democratic socialism 		[32]
[34]
PP
List
 Javier de Andrés Conservatism
Christian democracy
6.7%
[a] 		6 [35]
Vox
List
 Amaia Martínez Right-wing populism
Ultranationalism
National conservatism 		1.9% 1 [36]

Timetable

The key dates are listed below (all times are CET):[37]

  • 26 February: The election decree is issued with the countersign of the lehendakari, after deliberation in the Government.[19]
  • 27 February: Formal dissolution of parliament and start of prohibition period on the inauguration of public works, services or projects.
  • 1 March: Initial constitution of historical territory and zone electoral commissions with judicial members.
  • 4 March: Division of constituencies into polling sections and stations.
  • 8 March: Deadline for parties and federations to report on their electoral alliances.
  • 11 March: Deadline for electoral register consultation for the purpose of possible corrections.
  • 18 March: Deadline for parties, federations, alliances, and groupings of electors to present electoral lists.
  • 20 March: Publication of submitted electoral lists in the Official Gazette of the Basque Country (BOPV).
  • 25 March: Official proclamation of validly submitted electoral lists.
  • 26 March: Publication of proclaimed electoral lists in the BOPV.
  • 27 March: Deadline for the selection of polling station members by sortition.
  • 4 April: Deadline for the appointment of non-judicial members to provincial and zone electoral commissions.
  • 5 April: Official start of electoral campaigning.[19]
  • 11 April: Deadline to apply for postal voting.
  • 16 April: Start of legal ban on electoral opinion polling publication; deadline for non-resident citizens (electors residing abroad (CERA) and citizens temporarily absent from Spain) to vote by mail.
  • 17 April: Deadline for postal and temporarily absent voting.
  • 18 April: Deadline for CERA voting.
  • 19 April: Last day of electoral campaigning.[19]
  • 20 April: Official election silence ("reflection day").
  • 21 April: Election day (polling stations open at 9 am and close at 8 pm or once voters present in a queue at/outside the polling station at 8 pm have cast their vote); provisional vote counting.
  • 26 April: Start of general vote counting, including CERA votes.
  • 30 April: Deadline for the general vote counting.
  • 11 May: Deadline for the proclamation of elected members.
  • 18 May: Deadline for the publication of definitive election results in the BOPV.

Campaign

Party slogans

Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Ref.
EAJ/PNV « Aukeratu Euskadi. Elige Bienestar » "Choose the Basque Country. Choose wellbeing" [38]
EH Bildu « Aldaketa da orain. El futuro en tus manos » "The change is now. The future in your hands"
PSE–EE (PSOE) « Vota al que decide. Erabakia zurea » "Vote for the one who decides. The decision is yours" [38]
Podemos–AV « Elige izquierda » "Choose the left"
Sumar « Es tu tiempo. Euskadi berria » "It's your time. The new Basque Country" [39]
PP « Por una Euskadi abierta/Euskadi ireki baten alde » "For an open Basque Country" [40]
Vox « Sabes que es verdad » "You know it's true" [41]

Election debates

2024 Basque regional election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present[e]    S  Surrogate[f]    NI  Not invited   A  Absent invitee 
PNV EH Bildu PSE–EE Podemos Sumar PP Vox Audience Ref.
9 April Coordinadora de
ONGD de Euskadi 		Begoña Beristain S
Legarreta 		S
Urrea 		S
Gallastegi 		S
Gorritxo 		S
Martínez 		S
Garrido 		NI — [42]
9 April RTVE Xabier Fortes
Teresa Aguiló 		S
Díez 		S
Kortajarena 		P
Andueza 		S
De Uralde 		P
García 		P
De Andrés 		P
Martínez 		14.2%
(83,000)[g] 		[45]
10 April Cadena SER Eva Domaika S
Díez 		S
De Eguilaz 		S
Jilete 		NI NI S
López 		NI — [46]
10 April EITB[h] Nerea Reparaz P
Pradales 		P
Otxandiano 		P
Andueza 		P
Gorrotxategi 		S
Larrea 		S
Garrido 		A 4.0% [47]
[48]
12 April AMPEA Eva Silván S
Melgosa 		S
Etxebarrieta 		S
Jilete 		S
González 		S
García 		S
Garrido 		NI — [49]
12 April Cadena SER Eva Domaika S
Díez 		S
Rodriguez 		S
Itxaso 		S
Soto 		S
Martínez 		S
Morales 		A — [50]
15 April El Diario Vasco Estrella Vallejo
Javier Roldán 		P
Pradales 		P
Otxandiano 		P
Andueza 		S
Soto 		P
García 		P
De Andrés 		NI — [51]
16 April EITB África Baeta
Xabier García Ramsden 		P
Pradales 		P
Otxandiano 		P
Andueza 		P
Gorrotxategi 		P
García 		P
De Andrés 		P
Martínez 		17.4%
(86,000) 		[47]
[52]
17 April UN Etxea
EGK 		Iratxe Uriarte S
Díez 		S
Del Valle 		S
Blanco 		S
Mestraitua 		S
Alonso 		S
Velasco 		NI — [53]
[54]
17 April Cadena SER Eva Domaika S
Olano 		S
Rodriguez 		S
Corcuera 		S
Soto 		S
Hernández 		S
Gotxi 		A — [55]
18 April El Correo Marta Madruga
Olatz Barriuso 		P
Pradales 		P
Otxandiano 		P
Andueza 		P
Gorrotxategi 		P
García 		P
De Andrés 		P
Martínez 		— [56]
19 April Cadena SER Jon Egaña P
Pradales 		P
Otxandiano 		P
Andueza 		P
Gorrotxategi 		P
García 		P
De Andrés 		P
Martínez 		— [57]

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Graphical summary

Local regression trend line of poll results from 12 July 2020 to 21 April 2024, with each line corresponding to a political party.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 38 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Basque Parliament.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Victory preferences

The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Victory likelihood

The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Preferred Lehendakari

The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become lehendakari.

Voter turnout

The table below shows registered voter turnout on election day, without including non-resident citizens. Compared to past elections, 2024 elections turnout data are to be gathered at 13:00 and 18:00 (instead of 12:00 and 17:00 at previous elections).[59]

Province Time
13:00[m] 18:00[n] 20:00
2020 2024 +/– 2020 2024 +/– 2020 2024 +/–
Álava 13.51% 25.93% +12.42 33.21% 48.73% +15.52 50.31% 61.11% +10.80
Biscay 13.49% 27.43% +13.94 36.40% 51.87% +15.47 52.52% 63.41% +10.89
Gipuzkoa 15.48% 30.02% +14.54 36.67% 50.73% +14.06 54.57% 61.71% +7.14
Total 14.14% 28.05% +13.91 36.02% 51.03% +15.01 52.86% 62.52% +9.66
Sources[60]

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 21 April 2024 Basque Parliament election results
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 372,456 34.82 −3.88 27 −4
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 343,609 32.13 +4.53 27 +6
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 150,752 14.09 +0.57 12 +2
People's Party (PP)1 98,144 9.18 +2.47 7 +1
Unite (Sumar)2 35,402 3.31 n/a 1 −1
United We Can–Green Alliance (Podemos/Ahal Dugu–AV)2 23,888 2.23 n/a 0 −4
Vox (Vox) 21,696 2.03 +0.05 1 ±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)3 5,585 0.52 −0.02 0 ±0
Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB/AZ) 3,112 0.29 +0.02 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,683 0.16 +0.04 0 ±0
To Be (Izan) 1,419 0.13 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE/ELAK) 666 0.06 ±0.00 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 475 0.04 +0.01 0 ±0
Welcome (OE) 187 0.02 +0.01 0 ±0
Blank ballots 10,523 0.98 +0.04
Total 1,069,597 75 ±0
Valid votes 1,069,597 99.27 +0.01
Invalid votes 7,859 0.73 −0.01
Votes cast / turnout 1,077,456 60.02 +9.24
Abstentions 717,757 39.98 −9.24
Registered voters 1,795,213
Sources[20][61][62]
Footnotes:
Popular vote
EAJ/PNV
 
 34.82%
EH Bildu
 
 32.13%
PSE–EE (PSOE)
 
 14.09%
PP
 
 9.18%
Sumar
 
 3.31%
Podemos–AV
 
 2.23%
Vox
 
 2.03%
Others
 
 1.23%
Blank ballots
 
 0.98%
Seats
EAJ/PNV
 
 36.00%
EH Bildu
 
 36.00%
PSE–EE (PSOE)
 
 16.00%
PP
 
 9.33%
Sumar
 
 1.33%
Vox
 
 1.33%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency PNV EH Bildu PSE–EE PP Sumar Vox
% S % S % S % S % S % S
Álava 26.7 7 29.1 8 16.2 4 15.9 4 3.7 1 3.7 1
Biscay 39.1 11 28.3 8 13.9 4 9.0 2 3.3 − 1.9 −
Gipuzkoa 31.4 9 39.8 11 13.4 4 6.4 1 3.1 − 1.5 −
Total 34.8 27 32.1 27 14.1 12 9.2 7 3.3 1 2.0 1
Sources[20][61][62]

Aftermath

Government formation

Investiture
Ballot → 20 June 2024
Required majority → 38 out of 75
39 / 75
 Y
27 / 75
 N
Abstentions/Blank ballots
9 / 75
Absentees
0 / 75
Sources[20][63]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Results for PP+Cs in the 2020 election.
  2. ^ Within the Elkarrekin Podemos alliance in the 2020 election.
  3. ^ Luis Gordillo, former Cs legislator, joined the PP in October 2021.[23]
  4. ^ Results for Elkarrekin Podemos–IU (8.0%, 6 seats) and Equo Berdeak (1.3%, 0 seats) in the 2020 election.
  5. ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
  6. ^ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
  7. ^ In the Basque Country, the debate was broadcast on La 1 (62,000; 10.6%) and 24 Horas (21,000; 3.6%). Nationwide, the debate was broadcast on 24 Horas (82,000; 0.7%).[43][44]
  8. ^ Basque-spoken debate.
  9. ^ Alternative projection based on raw CIS data.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Within Sumar.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Within PP+Cs.
  12. ^ a b c Does not include non-resident citizens.
  13. ^ In 2020, turnout data were gathered at 12:00.
  14. ^ In 2020, turnout data were gathered at 17:00.

References

Opinion poll sources

  1. ^ "Empate técnico entre PNV y EH Bildu a 26-28 escaños con la formación jeltzale como más votada". EITB (in Spanish). 21 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Los sondeos dan al PNV la victoria en votos, pero empatado en escaños con EH Bildu". El Español (in Spanish). 21 April 2024.
  3. ^ "EH Bildu gana en escaños y el PNV en votos, pero podría no sumar mayoría con el PSOE, según el sondeo de Sigma Dos para EL MUNDO". El Mundo (in Spanish). 21 April 2024.
  4. ^ "El PNV podrá gobernar Euskadi con el PSE pese a que EH Bildu será el primer partido en escaños, según las encuestas". Público (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  5. ^ "Bildu ganará las elecciones y el PSOE decidirá quién gobierna el País Vasco". OKDiario (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  6. ^ "Bildu se acerca al 21-A con leve ventaja sobre el PNV pero la mayoría prefiere a Pradales de lehendakari". El Español (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  7. ^ "Bildu ganaría en escaños, el PNV sería el más votado y Podemos y Sumar desaparecerían". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  8. ^ "El PNV aguanta el tirón de Bildu y gana por la mínima en votos y escaños para alivio de Sánchez". El Debate (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
  9. ^ "Bildu alcanza al PNV en una disputada recta final de la campaña vasca, pero nacionalistas y PSE podrían reeditar Gobierno". 20 minutos (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  10. ^ "Elecciones en País Vasco: la fuga de voto socialista y del PNV encumbra a Bildu". La Razón (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  11. ^ "Bildu supera al PNV por la mínima y los socialistas decidirán el lendakari". ABC (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
  12. ^ "Bildu adelanta al PNV y entra en la recta final del 21-A empujado por la debacle de Podemos y Sumar". La Razón (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  13. ^ "Bildu ganaría en el País Vasco por el desgaste del PNV, el fiasco del PSOE y la desaparición de Podemos". Vozpópuli (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  14. ^ "EH Bildu gana las elecciones autonómicas por primera vez, según EITB Focus". EITB (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
  15. ^ "EH Bildu adelanta al PNV en la última semana de la campaña vasca". El País (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  16. ^ a b c "Informe preelectoral para las elecciones vascas. Ola 2. Abril 2024" (PDF). 40dB (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  17. ^ a b "EH Bildu acaricia la victoria en Euskadi y pone en peligro la mayoría absoluta de PNV y PSOE". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 12 April 2024.
  18. ^ "El PNV ganaría en votos, pero Bildu obtendría más escaños". Onda Cero (in Spanish). 11 April 2024.
  19. ^ a b c d "Campaña de las elecciones autonómicas del País Vasco 2024 (Estudio nº 3451. Abril 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 10 April 2024.
  20. ^ "Estimación de voto (Estudio nº 3451. Campaña de las elecciones autonómicas del País Vasco 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 10 April 2024.
  21. ^ "El PSOE tendrá que decidir entre dar el Gobierno vasco a Bildu o salvar al PNV con el apoyo de Sumar". OKDiario (in Spanish). 8 April 2024.
  22. ^ a b "Elecciones de País Vasco 2024: Bildu ganaría por la mínima, según el sondeo de GAD3 para Mediaset". Telecinco (in Spanish). 8 April 2024.
  23. ^ "Barómetro Mediaset. Estimación elecciones vascas". GAD3 (in Spanish). 10 April 2024.
  24. ^ "EH Bildu ganaría por la mínima en votos y escaños al PNV". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
  25. ^ "Bildu roza el empate técnico con el PNV". La Razón (in Spanish). 8 April 2024.
  26. ^ "El PSE tendría la llave del Gobierno entre Bildu y PNV en un Parlamento en el que Vox, Sumar y Podemos podrían quedarse fuera". Público (in Spanish). 7 April 2024.
  27. ^ "Bildu blinda sus votos mientras en el PNV crecen la fuga y la indecisión". El Mundo (in Spanish). 8 April 2024.
  28. ^ "Casi 45.000 indecisos del PNV decidirán una ajustada campaña con Bildu al alza". El Mundo (in Spanish). 28 March 2024.
  29. ^ "El PNV y Bildu llegan empatados a la campaña del 21-A: ambos lograrían 28 escaños". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 2 April 2024.
  30. ^ a b c d e "Preelectoral del País Vasco. Elecciones autonómicas 2024 (Estudio nº 3448. Marzo 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 1 April 2024.
  31. ^ "Estimación de voto (Estudio nº 3448. Preelectoral del País Vasco. Elecciones autonómicas 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 1 April 2024.
  32. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Marzo 2024)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 27 March 2024.
  33. ^ "Empate entre PNV y EH Bildu en Euskadi a un mes de las elecciones autonómicas". El País (in Spanish). 25 March 2024.
  34. ^ a b c "Informe preelectoral para las elecciones vascas. Marzo 2024" (PDF). El País (in Spanish). 25 March 2024.
  35. ^ "EH Bildu podría ganar la contienda más reñida de los últimos años". Naiz (in Spanish). 5 April 2024.
  36. ^ "[A] PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Aztiker 05/04/2024: EH BILDU 34,0% (28/30), EAJ-PNV 33,4% (26/28), PSE-EE 13,9% (11/12), PP 8,5% (6/7), SUMAR 3,1% (1/2), PODEMOS-AV 3,0% (0/1), VOX 2,2% (0/1)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 5 April 2024.
  37. ^ "Empate técnico en escaños entre PNV y EH Bildu a un mes de las elecciones". EITB (in Spanish). 21 March 2024.
  38. ^ "El PNV y Bildu empatarían en las elecciones vascas del 21-A con Podemos y Sumar hundidos". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 18 March 2024.
  39. ^ "Bildu sigue al alza y amenaza el poder de un PNV en decadencia con el PSOE de juez". El Mundo (in Spanish). 18 March 2024.
  40. ^ "Bildu supera otra vez al PNV y ganaría las elecciones vascas en votos y escaños". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 4 March 2024.
  41. ^ "El PNV se recupera, adelanta a Bildu y ganaría las elecciones vascas por la mínima". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 19 February 2024.
  42. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Febrero 2024)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 9 February 2024.
  43. ^ "El PSE subiría tres escaños mientras PNV y Bildu se disputarían la victoria en las elecciones". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 5 February 2024.
  44. ^ "Ajustada victoria del PNV con EH Bildu a dos escaños". EITB (in Spanish). 2 February 2024.
  45. ^ a b "EiTB Focus. Enero 2024. Elecciones Autonómicas. CAV" (PDF). Gizaker (in Spanish). 2 February 2024.
  46. ^ "Ajustada victoria del PNV con EH Bildu a dos escaños". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 4 February 2024.
  47. ^ "Bildu y PNV se mantienen en empate técnico a la espera de fecha para las elecciones vascas". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 21 January 2024.
  48. ^ "El pacto con Otegi en Pamplona cambia el escenario vasco: crece el PNV por miedo a Bildu y el PSOE cae ya dos puntos". El Mundo (in Spanish). 16 January 2024.
  49. ^ "Bildu adelanta al PNV y ganaría las elecciones vascas por un escaño". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 8 January 2024.
  50. ^ "Un PNV y un PSOE a la baja podrían mantener su coalición de Gobierno en País Vasco con una raquítica mayoría". Vozpópuli (in Spanish). 1 January 2024.
  51. ^ "EH Bildu ganaría las elecciones en una pugna reñida a varias bandas". Naiz (in Spanish). 5 February 2024.
  52. ^ "[A] PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Aztiker 05/02/2024: EH BILDU 32,1% (24/27), EAJ-PNV 31,5% (24/25), PSE-EE 15,3% (11/12), PP 9,4% (6/8), ELKARREKIN 7,7% (6), VOX 2,8% (1)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 5 February 2024.
  53. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Noviembre 2023)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 1 December 2023.
  54. ^ "ElectoPanel Euskadi (26N): EH Bildu, primero en votos y escaños". Electomanía (in Spanish). 26 November 2023.
  55. ^ "Otegi cerca de ser 'lehendakari': fuerte caída del PNV y Sánchez tendría que decidir". El Mundo (in Spanish). 17 September 2023.
  56. ^ "ElectoPanel Euskadi (18J): subida de EH Bildu, que se acerca al PNV". Electomanía (in Spanish). 18 June 2023.
  57. ^ "EuskoPanel (30A): subida de EH Bildu, que roza el 30%. Ligero descenso del PNV". Electomanía (in Spanish). 30 April 2022.
  58. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Marzo 2022)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 4 March 2022.
  59. ^ "PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Ikerfel/Gobierno Vasco [Sociómetro] 04/03/2022: EH BILDU 27,3% (22), EAJ-PNV 39,3% (31), ELKARREKIN PODEMOS-IU 7,0% (4), PSE-EE 14,3% (12), PP+Cs 6,2% (5), VOX 2,7% (1)". Electograph (in Spanish). 4 March 2022. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022.
  60. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Diciembre 2021)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 16 December 2021.
  61. ^ "PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Ikerfel/Gobierno Vasco [Sociómetro] 16/12/2021: EH BILDU 27,5% (23), EAJ-PNV 39,6% (31), ELKARREKIN PODEMOS-IU 6,7% (4), PSE-EE 14,0% (10), PP+Cs 6,7% (6), VOX 2,2% (1)". Electograph (in Spanish). 16 December 2021. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021.
  62. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Octubre 2021)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 8 October 2021.
  63. ^ "PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Ikerfel/Gobierno Vasco [Sociómetro] 08/10/2021: EH BILDU 27,7% (23), EAJ-PNV 39,4% (31), ELKARREKIN PODEMOS-IU 6,8% (4), PSE-EE 13,9% (11), PP+Cs 6,9% (5), VOX 1,9% (1)". Electograph (in Spanish). 8 October 2021. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021.
  64. ^ "EuskoPanel (15S): Vox quedaría fuera del Parlamento Vasco". Electomanía (in Spanish). 15 September 2021.
  65. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Mayo 2021)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 28 May 2021.
  66. ^ "PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Ikerfel/Gobierno Vasco [Sociómetro] 28/05/2021: EH BILDU 27,5% (22), EAJ-PNV 39,0% (31), ELKARREKIN PODEMOS-IU 6,6% (4), PSE-EE 13,6% (10), PP+Cs 7,7% (7), VOX 1,7% (1)". Electograph (in Spanish). 28 May 2021. Archived from the original on 28 May 2021.
  67. ^ a b "EH-Bildu daría el sorpasso al PNV y sería el partido más votado en las elecciones vascas". Diario de León (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  68. ^ "Análisis de microdatos de EITB Focus". EITB (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  69. ^ "La encuesta de EiTB para las elecciones vascas deja a Sumar fuera y Podemos podría ser llave de un gobierno de izquierdas". Diario Red (in Spanish). 21 March 2024.
  70. ^ "EiTB Focus. Enero 2024. Elecciones Autonómicas. CAV". Gizaker. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  71. ^ "ElectoPanel (18ene): la mayoría considera que EH-Bildu ganará pero no gobernará". Electomanía (in Spanish). 18 January 2024.
  72. ^ "Sube el grado de conocimiento de Otxandiano y Pradales, y prácticamente empatan en valoración". EITB (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
  73. ^ "4 de cada 10 votantes no tienen claro aún a quién desean como lehendakari". EITB (in Spanish). 22 March 2024.

Other

  1. ^ Statute (1979), arts. 25 & 27–28.
  2. ^ a b c Statute (1979), art. 26.
  3. ^ LEPV (1990), arts. 2–3.
  4. ^ LOREG (1985), arts. 2–3.
  5. ^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  6. ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  7. ^ LEPV (1990), arts. 9–12.
  8. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Dublin: Trinity College Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  9. ^ LEPV (1990), art. 65.
  10. ^ LOREG (1985), arts. 46 & 48.
  11. ^ LEPV (1990), art. 46.
  12. ^ LOREG (1985), art. 42.
  13. ^ LGV (1981), arts. 6 & 50–51.
  14. ^ Salgado, Daniel; Muñoz, Beatriz (21 December 2023). "Alfonso Rueda convoca para el 18 de febrero las primeras elecciones en Galicia sin Feijóo en 14 años". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  15. ^ "Rueda llama a Urkullu para comunicarle la fecha de las elecciones gallegas" (in Spanish). Bilbao: Europa Press. 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  16. ^ "Urkullu dice que "Euskadi no es Galicia" tras la convocatoria de las gallegas el 18 de febrero" (in Spanish). Vitoria: Europa Press. 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  17. ^ Lorente, Adolfo (25 November 2023). "La opción de marzo cobra fuerza para el adelanto electoral". El Correo (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  18. ^ Barriuso, Olatz (20 December 2023). "Urkullu busca exprimir su mayoría absoluta y las elecciones vascas apuntan ahora a abril". El Correo (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  19. ^ a b c d Decreto 7/2024, de 26 de febrero, del Lehendakari, por el que se disuelve el Parlamento Vasco y se convocan elecciones (PDF) (Decree 7/2024). Official Gazette of the Basque Country (in Spanish). 26 February 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2026.
  20. ^ a b c d Lozano, Carles. "Elecciones al Parlamento Vasco / Eusko Legebilitzarra (desde 1980)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 November 2024.
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  23. ^ Izarra, Josean (7 October 2021). "Luis Gordillo, ex líder de Ciudadanos y parlamentario, ficha por el PP del País Vasco". El Mundo (in Spanish). Vitoria. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  24. ^ LEPV (1990), art. 53.
  25. ^ LOREG (1985), art. 44.
  26. ^ LOREG (1985), art. 44 bis.
  27. ^ Rioja Andueza, Iker (24 November 2023). "El PNV prescinde de Urkullu y no será candidato en las elecciones vascas de 2024". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  28. ^ Ormazabal, Mikel (27 January 2024). "El PNV proclama a Imanol Pradales como candidato a lehendakari para las próximas elecciones en el País Vasco". El País (in Spanish). San Sebatián. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  29. ^ "Kortajarena asume la portavocía de EH Bildu en el Parlamento Vasco tras la marcha de Iriarte y Casanova". Noticias de Gipuzkoa (in Spanish). 26 June 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  30. ^ Guadilla, David; Barriuso, Olatz (11 December 2023). "Pello Otxandiano será el candidato a lehendakari de EH Bildu". El Correo (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  31. ^ Rioja Andueza, Iker (30 October 2021). "Eneko Andueza arrasa con un 95% de los votos en las primarias y será el nuevo líder de los socialistas vascos". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  32. ^ a b Cortizo, Gonzalo; Ortiz, Alberto; Rioja Andueza, Iker (30 November 2023). "Sumar y Podemos tantean un acuerdo electoral en Galicia y Euskadi en medio de su escalada de tensión". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  33. ^ Villamediana, Miriam (2 February 2024). "Podemos proclama a su candidata en el País Vasco y lanza su campaña en solitario al margen de Sumar". ABC (in Spanish). Bilbao. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  34. ^ a b Garmendia, Xabier (2 February 2024). "Podemos usará la marca Elkarrekin por separado y Sumar irá con IU y Equo" (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 February 2024.
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  40. ^ "Feijóo pide el voto al PP como "única garantía" de que no gobierne EH Bildu y le exige que pida perdón en campaña". El Periódico de España (in Spanish). Bilbao. Europa Press. 5 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
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  43. ^ Cabanillas, Andrea (10 April 2024). "El debate electoral gana en audiencias en País Vasco, seguido de laSexta y 'Supervivientes'". El Plural (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  44. ^ "'FBI' (3,4%) se impone a 'Melek' (2,8%) mientras que 'Bright Minds' (2,7%) sigue fuerte". formulatv.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  45. ^ "Los partidos de Euskadi confrontan sus posturas en el primer debate de las elecciones vascas, en RTVE" (in Spanish). RTVE. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  46. ^ "Los jóvenes candidatos vascos contrastan en SER Euskadi sus soluciones a la falta de vivienda" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  47. ^ a b "EITB se vuelca con la campaña electoral del 21A" (in Spanish). EITB. 8 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  48. ^ Larreategi, Jon (12 April 2024). "El primer debate electoral de EITB apenas levanta interés". GasteizBerri (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  49. ^ "Diálogo entre candidatas a las Elecciones al Parlamento Vasco del 21 de abril". AMPEA (in Spanish). 9 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  50. ^ "El autogobierno, a debate en SER Euskadi" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  51. ^ "Los candidatos protagonizan en DV un debate encendido en materia de sanidad, Ertzaintza y memoria". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 15 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  52. ^ "El debate electoral de anoche en EITB se convierte en el más seguido de la campaña". GasteizBerri (in Spanish). 17 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  53. ^ "Encuentro Electoral de la Juventud Vasca". EGK (in Spanish). 12 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  54. ^ "Euskadiko Gazteen Hauteskunde Topaketa: Etorkizuna Eratzen". EGK (in Spanish). 17 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
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  57. ^ "Un debate decisivo, sereno y constructivo, sin menciones a ETA" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 19 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  58. ^ "Diferencias CIS País Vasco recalculado - publicado". SocioMétrica (in Spanish). 2 April 2024.
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  62. ^ a b "Acuerdo de 2 de mayo de 2024, de la Junta Electoral de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, por el que se dispone la publicación de los resultados correspondientes al escrutinio general de las elecciones al Parlamento Vasco celebradas el día 21 de abril de 2024" (PDF). Official Gazette of the Basque Country (in Spanish) (90): 2024/2188.1–2024/2188.4. 9 May 2024. ISSN 2483-5366. Retrieved 12 March 2026.
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Bibliography

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