Wellington City Council

Wellington City Council

Te Kaunihera o Pōneke
Type
Type
History
Founded1870
Leadership
Andrew Little, Labour
since 17 October 2025
Matt Prosser[1]
since 5 December 2024
Structure
Seats16[a]
Political groups
  •   Labour (6)
  •   Independent (5)
  •   Green (4)
  •   Independent Together (1)
Elections
STV
Last election
11 October 2025
Next election
2028
Meeting place
Ngake, Level 16, 113 The Terrace, Wellington[2]
Website
wellington.govt.nz/
Footnotes
  1. ^ Includes Mayor

Wellington City Council is a territorial authority in New Zealand, governing the city of Wellington, the country's capital city and third-largest city by population, behind Auckland and Christchurch. It consists of the central historic town and certain additional areas within the Wellington metropolitan area, extending as far north as Linden and covering rural areas such as Mākara and Ohariu. The city adjoins Porirua in the north and Hutt City in the north-east. It is one of nine territorial authorities in the Wellington Region.

The council represents a population of 210,800 as of June 2025[3] and consists of a mayor and fifteen councillors elected from six wards (Northern, Onslow-Western, Lambton, Eastern, Southern general wards and Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori ward).[n 1][4] It administers public works, sanitation, land use and building consents, among other local services. The council has used the marketing slogan "Absolutely Positively Wellington" in an official capacity since the early 1990s.[5]

Composition

Council

The mayor and all councillors are members of council.

Mayor

Main article: Mayor of Wellington
See also: 2025 Wellington mayoral election

One mayor is elected at large from the entire Wellington City district.

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Andrew Little Labour 2025 Ex-officio member of all committees and subcommittees; Chair of Chief Executive Performance Review Committee

Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori ward

Te Whanganui a Tara is a Māori ward created by Wellington City Council in 2021.[6][7] The 2022 election returned Nīkau Wi-Neera as its first-ever councillor.[8] Wi-Neera retired from the seat at the 2025 election, and was replaced by Labour's Matthew Reweti.

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Matthew Reweti Labour 2025 Deputy Chair of Economic Growth and Development; member of Regulatory Processes Committee; member of Audit and Risk Committee

Motukairangi/Eastern ward

Motukairangi/Eastern ward returns three councillors to the Wellington City Council. Since 2025 the councillors are:

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Karl Tiefenbacher Independent 2025 Chair of Economic Growth and Development; member of Regulatory Processes Committee; member of Chief Executive Performance Review Committee
Sam O'Brien Labour 2025 Deputy Chair of Council Planning and Finance; member of Revenue and Financial Value Review
Jonny Osborne Green 2025 Member of CCO Review and Appointments; member of Grants Subcommittee; member of Audit and Risk Committee

Pukehīnau/Lambton ward

Pukehīnau/Lambton ward returns three councillors to the Wellington City Council. Since 2025 the councillors are:

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Geordie Rogers Greens 2024 Chair of Regulatory Processes Committee
Afnan Al-Rubayee Labour 2025 Deputy Chair of Social, Cultural and Environment; member of CCO Review and Appointments; Deputy Chair of Grants Subcommittee
Nicola Young Independent 2013 Member of Economic Growth and Development; Chair of Grants Subcommittee

Takapū/Northern ward

Takapū/Northern ward returns three councillors to the Wellington City Council. Since 2025 the councillors are:

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Ben McNulty Labour 2022 Deputy mayor;[9] Chair of Revenue and Financial Value Review; member of Economic Growth and Development; Deputy Chair of Chief Executive Performance Review Committee
Tony Randle Independent 2022 Member of Revenue and Financial Value Review; Deputy Chair of CCO Review and Appointments
Andrea Compton Independent 2025 Deputy Chair of City Strategy and Delivery; member of Revenue and Financial Value Review; member of CCO Review and Appointments; member of Grants Subcommittee

Wharangi/Onslow-Western ward

Wharangi/Onslow-Western ward returns three councillors to the Wellington City Council. Since 2025 the councillors are:

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Diane Calvert Independent 2016 Chair of Council Planning and Finance; member of Economic Growth and Development; member of Chief Executive Performance Review Committee
Rebecca Matthews Green 2019 Deputy Chair of Revenue and Financial Value Review; member of Regulatory Processes Committee; Deputy Chair of Audit and Risk Committee
Ray Chung Independent Together 2022 Member of Revenue and Financial Value Review; Chair of CCO Review and Appointments; member of Grants Subcommittee; member of Audit and Risk Committee

Paekawakawa/Southern ward

Paekawakawa/Southern ward is the only ward that returns two councillors to the Wellington City Council (all others returning one or three). Since 2025 the councillors are:

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Nureddin Abdurahman Labour 2022 Chair of City Strategy and Delivery; member of Grants Subcommittee; member of Chief Executive Performance Review Committee
Laurie Foon Greens 2019 Chair of Social, Cultural and Environment; member of Economic Growth and Development; member of Regulatory Processes Committee

Pouiwi

Two pouiwi (tribal representatives) were appointed in 2023 by the Council's Tākai Here partners, Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika and Ngāti Toa Rangatira. They have voting rights on Council committees, including committees of the whole, but not on the full Council.[10] Since 2023 the pouiwi are:

Photo Name Appointed by Responsibilities
Holden Hohaia Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Pītau Pūmanawa | Grants Subcommittee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee[11]
Liz Kelly Ngāti Toa Rangatira
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Koata Hātepe | Regulatory Processes Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Unaunahi Māhirahira | Audit and Risk Committee[12]

Committees

Following a review in 2021 by former Local Government New Zealand chief executive Peter Winder, the council adopted a new committee structure.[13] All committees apart from Te Kaunihera o Pōneke Council and Unaunahi Ngaio Chief Executive Performance Review Committee include two mana whenua representatives (pouiwi), who are paid and have voting rights.[14]

Committees and subcommittees of the Wellington City Council[15]
Committee Chair Deputy Chair Membership
Te Kaunihera o Pōneke Mayor Andrew Little Deputy Mayor Ben McNulty All councillors
Council Planning and Finance Cr Diane Calvert Cr Sam O’Brien
City Strategy and Delivery Cr Nureddin Abdurahman Cr Andrea Compton
Social, Cultural and Environment Cr Laurie Foon Cr Afnan Al-Rubayee
Revenue and Financial Value Review Deputy Mayor Ben McNulty Cr Rebecca Matthews Mayor Andrew Little, Cr Ray Chung, Cr Andrea Compton, Cr Sam O’Brien, Cr Tony Randle, Pouiwi representative
Economic Growth and Development Cr Karl Tiefenbacher Cr Matthew Reweti Mayor Andrew Little, Deputy Mayor McNulty, Cr Calvert, Cr Laurie Foon, Cr Nicola Young, Pouiwi representative
CCO Review and Appointments Cr Ray Chung Cr Tony Randle Mayor Andrew Little, Cr Afnan Al-Rubayee, Cr Andrea Compton, Cr Jonny Osborne, Pouiwi representative
Grants Subcommittee Cr Nicola Young Cr Afnan Al-Rubayee Mayor Andrew Little, Cr Nureddin Abdurahman, Cr Andrea Compton, Cr Jonny Osborne, Cr Ray Chung, Pouiwi representative
Regulatory Processes Committee Cr Geordie Rogers Cr Tony Randle Mayor Andrew Little, Cr Laurie Foon, Cr Sam O’Brien, Cr Rebecca Matthews, Cr Matthew Reweti, Cr Karl Tiefenbacher, Pouiwi representative
Chief Executive Performance Review Committee Mayor Andrew Little Deputy Mayor McNulty Cr Nureddin Abdurahman, Cr Diane Calvert, Cr Karl Tiefenbacher
Audit and Risk Committee Independent Chair Cr Rebecca Matthews Mayor Andrew Little, Cr Ray Chung, Cr Sam O’Brien, Cr Jonny Osborne, Cr Tony Randle, Cr Matthew Reweti, Pouiwi representative, independent Member

Community boards

The council has created two local community boards under the provisions of Part 4 of the Local Government Act 2002,[16] with members elected using a single transferable vote (STV) system[17] or appointed by the council.

These are:

Wellington City Council community boards[21][22][23]
Community board Elected members Council appointees
Chair Deputy chair Board members
Mākara/Ōhāriu Community Board Darren Hoskins Hamish Todd Chris Renner
Wayne Rudd
Robert O'Brien[a]
vacant[b]
Tawa Community Board Jill Day Tim Davin Carla Bates
Michael Hill
Miriam Moore
Rob Suisted 		Deputy Mayor Ben McNulty
Cr Andrea Compton

History

City status and council origin

The settlement became the colonial capital and seat of government in 1865, replacing Auckland.[25] Parliament officially sat in Wellington for the first time on 26 July 1865. During the last half of the nineteenth century, Wellington grew rapidly from 7,460 residents in 1867 to 49,344 by the end of the century.[26]

In 1870, the Wellington City Corporation was formed, with former town board chairman Joe Dransfield being elected as its mayor.[25][27] Wellington formally attained city status in 1881 when its non-Māori population surpassed 20,000.[25] The Municipal Corporations Act 1886 further ratified Wellington's status as a city, alongside Auckland, Dunedin, Christchurch and Nelson,[27] retroactively recognising it to have been such since 16 September 1870.[28]

Amalgamations

The City of Wellington has subsumed many neighbouring boroughs including:

Wards

Wellington's local electoral wards were given Māori names in 2018, after consultation with mana whenua.[34]

In May 2021, the Wellington City Council voted 13–2 to establish a Māori ward,[6][7] with the Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori ward first contested in the 2022 elections.

In July 2024, the National-led coalition government passed the Local Government (Electoral Legislation and Māori Wards and Māori Constituencies) Amendment Act 2024 which reinstated the requirement that councils must hold a referendum before establishing Māori wards or constituencies. In September 2024, the council voted 13–3 to affirm their decision to establish the Māori constituency, thereby triggering a referendum on the constituency to be held alongside the 2025 local elections.[35][36]

On 22 October 2024 the New Zealand government appointed Lindsay McKenzie as a Crown Observer to the council after the Council was forced to revise its 2023–2024 Long Term Plan in response to a failed attempt to sell its airport shares.[37][38] MP and former Wellington City councillor Tamatha Paul has accused the government's decision to appoint the Crown Observer as politically motivated.[39]

List of town clerks/chief executives

The city council was legally headed by a town clerk, who was in charge of the council administration and operations, later renamed as chief executive officer in 1991.[40] Holders of the office since 1842 are:[41]

Name Years
George White 1842–1843
Robert Suckling Cheesman
1843
William Bannister 1863–1865
J. B. Wallace 1865–1867
John Rigg 1867–1871
William Hester 1872–1877
Charles C. Graham 1877–1883
Thomas F. Martin 1883–1889
Joseph Page 1889-1902
John R. Palmer 1902–1925
Robert Tait Jr. (acting) 1925–1926
Edwin Philip Norman 1926–1952
Basil Peterson 1952–1956
Mervyn Sinclair Duckworth 1956–1964
Francis W. Pringle 1964–1972
Ian McCutcheon 1972–1984
David Niven 1984–1991
Doug Matheson (acting)
1991
Angela C. Griffin 1991–1997
Garry Poole 1998–2013
Kevin Lavery 2013–2019
Barbara McKerrow 2019–2025
Matt Prosser 2025–present

Civic symbols

Coat of arms

The Wellington City Council first adopted a coat of arms in 1878.[42] This coat of arms had the description:[43]

Coat of arms of the City of Wellington (former)
Crest
Mural crown or surmounted by a dolphin embowed azure (supremacy by naval position). Mantle, azure and gules.
Escutcheon
Quarterly 1st azure out of a ducal crown or a demi-lion rampant gules holding in the paws a forked pennon flowing to the sinister, charged with the cross of St. George the ends gules (crest of the Duke of Wellington). 2nd argent. A galley with sails furled and oars and pennons sable (the commerce of the city). 3rd gules. A garb (a wheat or wheat sheaf) proper (the agricultural interests). 4th azure. A golden fleece proper cinctured gules (the pastoral interests).
Supporters
Dexter. The British lion. Sinister a moa but proper.
Motto
Suprema a Situ (Supreme by position)
Other elements
Under the motto "1840" (date of the foundation of the City and Colony).

The Wellington City Corporation was granted an official coat of arms by the College of Arms in 1951,[42] the blazon for which is:[44][45]

Coat of arms of the City of Wellington
Crest
On a Mural Crown Argent a Dolphin Naiant Azure, Mantled Gules.
Escutcheon
Quarterly Gules and Azure, a Cross Or between; In the first quarter a Fleece Or; in the second quarter on Water barry wavy proper in base a Lymphad sail furled pennon and flags flying Argent; in the third quarter a Garb Or; in the fourth quarter five Plates in Saltire Argent.
Supporters
On the dexter side a Lion gorged with a Collar and Chain reflexed over the back Or, and on the sinister side a Moa proper.
Motto
Suprema a Situ (Supreme by position)
Symbolism
The shield is divided vertically and horizontally, quarter of which the first and fourth are red and the remaining pair are blue. A golden cross is placed over the entire shield centrally between these quarters. The top left quarter contains a golden fleece (usually depicted as a whole sheep with a band around its middle). The second quarter is depicted as a silver sailing ship (lymphad) with its sails furled as it would be in port but with its flags flying, placed on waves in their natural colour. The third quarter contains a golden wheat sheaf, and the fourth has five silver discs arranged in a saltire.

The mural crown (a crown depicted as if made of stonewalling) is common as a crest in city coats of arms. It is coloured silver, and from its top comes a swimming dolphin. Around the crest is mantling in red. The supporters on either side of the shield are a golden heraldic lion with a chained collar around its neck to the left, and a moa in its natural colouring on the right (the terms "sinister" and "dexter" relate to the shield from the holder's point of view, not the viewer's, thus dexter is the viewer's left and sinister is the viewer's right). The base on which the supporters stand is normally not emblazoned but is left to the artist to decide. The Motto may be translated as "Supreme by position".

Badge and Flag

Main article: Flag of Wellington

Wellington City Council was also granted a badge by the College of Arms in 1963, with the heraldic description:

A Roundel Azure thereon a Lymphad Or the sail argent charged with a Dolphin naiant Azure pennon and flags flying Argent each charged with a Cross Gules.[46]

The flag of Wellington, adopted on 12 December 1962, incorporates the city's badge over a black cross on a gold field.[47]

Suburbs

Wellington city has 57 officially defined suburbs; one can group them by the wards used to elect the city council. Some areas, while officially forming part of a larger suburb (or several suburbs), are considered by some to be separate communities. The officially defined suburbs include:

Takapū Northern ward

Wharangi Onslow-Western ward

Pukehīnau Lambton ward

Within Lambton ward, the council's tourism agency has designated three inner-city "quarters", as marketing subdivisions to promote international and domestic tourism. They are:

Paekawakawa Southern ward

Motukairangi Eastern ward

Buildings

The Wellington City Council owns and until May 2019 operated from a complex on Wakefield Street, with various extensions each representing a distinctive architectural period. The complex incorporates the Wellington Town Hall which opened in 1904, with the most recent extension completed in 1991 alongside the Wellington Central Library.

The Wakefield Street complex has been cleared of back office functions, and since 28 May 2019 will be closed completely for repairs and earthquake strengthening. In the interim, most of the council's central office staff are located in commercial premises at 113 The Terrace. The council operates two public service desks out of Johnsonville Library and Te Awe Library in the CBD.[48] Due to repairs also being needed to the Wellington Central Library, and Capital E, all of the civic buildings on Civic Square are closed, except for the City Gallery.

Council-owned companies and enterprises

The Wellington City Council owns or directly operates several companies.

The council is a part-owner of Wellington Airport, and has two representatives on the airport's board. Former Mayor Andy Foster was a member of the board from 2016 to 2022 and was criticised for poor attendance at board meetings.[49][50] In 2022 he was replaced by incoming mayor Tory Whanau, who was also criticised for poor attendance.[50][51]

The seven council-controlled organisations (CCOs) are[52]

The council has a similar interest in the Wellington Regional Stadium Trust.

Sister-city relationships

Sister cities[54]
Historical sister cities[56]
Friendly cities[57]
  • Tianjin, People's Republic of China

Proposed/earmarked future sister cities

See also

Notes

Footnotes
  1. ^ Multiple councillors are elected to general wards using the single transferable vote (STV) system
  1. ^ O'Brien was elected unopposed in a by-election held due to the number of candidates being less than the number of vacancies for the Mākara/Ōhāriu Community Board at the 2025 local elections.[24]
  2. ^ As the number of candidates was less than the number of vacancies for the Mākara/Ōhāriu Community Board at the 2025 local elections, a by-election was to be held to fill the remaining vacancies. However, the number of candidates for the by-election was again less than the number of vacancies, leaving a seat vacant.[24]
Citations
  1. ^ "Our Executive Leadership team". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  2. ^ Wellington City Council (22 April 2021). "Speaking at meetings". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  3. ^ "Subnational population estimates - Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 29 October 2025.
  4. ^ "Overview – Elections 2010 – Wellington City Council". Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
  5. ^ Maclean, Chris (14 November 2012). "Branding Wellington". TeAra.govt.nz. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  6. ^ a b George, Damian; MacManus, Joel (11 March 2021). "Wellington City Council set to establish Māori ward next year". Stuff. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  7. ^ a b "Council votes for Māori Ward in Pōneke". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  8. ^ "Wellington City Council – 2022 Triennial Elections" (PDF). Wellington City Council. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  9. ^ https://wellington.govt.nz/news-and-events/news-and-information/our-wellington/2025/10/deputy-mayor-announced
  10. ^ "Meet our mana whenua representatives". Wellington City Council. 31 May 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  11. ^ "Pouiwi Holden Hohaia". Wellington City Council. 2 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  12. ^ "Pouiwi Liz Kelly". Wellington City Council. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  13. ^ Wellington City Council. "Council's new committee structure agreed". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  14. ^ Wellington City Council (29 April 2021). "Council votes to include mana whenua at the meeting table". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  15. ^ "Governance structure". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 11 June 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  16. ^ "Local Government Act 2002 No 84 (as at 01 July 2017)". www.legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  17. ^ "Electoral Systems". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  18. ^ "Tawa Community Board". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  19. ^ a b "Ward maps and boundaries". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  20. ^ "Mākara/Ōhāriu Community Board". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  21. ^ "Tawa Community Board". meetings.wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 24 February 2026.
  22. ^ "Mākara | Ōhāriu Community Board". meetings.wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 24 February 2026.
  23. ^ "Terms of Reference and Delegations for the 2025-28 triennium" (PDF). wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. November 2025. p. 33. Retrieved 24 February 2026.
  24. ^ a b "2026 Mākara-Ōhāriu Community Board by-election". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 January 2026. Retrieved 24 February 2026.
  25. ^ a b c "1865–1890". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 16 May 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  26. ^ "Wellington region. Page 8 – From town to city: 1865–1899". TeAra.govt.nz. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  27. ^ a b Thorns, David; Schrader, Ben (11 March 2010). "City history and people – Towns to cities". teara.govt.nz. Te Ara: the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  28. ^ Municipal Corporations Act 1886, cls 20 and Second Schedule.
  29. ^ Betts 1970, p. 39.
  30. ^ a b Yska 2006, p. 113.
  31. ^ Yska 2006, pp. 91–2.
  32. ^ Betts 1970, p. 86.
  33. ^ Yska 2006, p. 234.
  34. ^ Wellington City Council (13 June 2018). "Bilingual naming of Wellington City Council wards". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  35. ^ Hunt, Tom (5 September 2024). "Wellington City Council passes Māori ward vote". The Post. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  36. ^ "Wellington City Council votes to keep Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori Ward". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 5 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  37. ^ Smith, Sam (11 November 2024). "Crown Observer appointed to Wellington Council". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  38. ^ "Wellington City Council's Crown observer named as Lindsay McKenzie". RNZ. 11 November 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  39. ^ Hunt, Tom (18 November 2024). "Case for Crown intervention 'finely balanced' despite Wellington City Council issues". The Post. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  40. ^ Yska 2006, p. 243.
  41. ^ Betts 1970, p. 262.
  42. ^ a b "Timeline – We Built This City". Archives Online. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  43. ^ "Wellington City Council coat of arms (general file)". Archives Online. Wellington City Council. p. 81. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  44. ^ "Coats of Arms – Local". Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  45. ^ "Letters patent granting armorial ensigns [Grant for WCC Coat of Arms]". Archives Online. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  46. ^ "Letters patent granting use of roundel". Archives Online. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  47. ^ "City of Wellington: city flag". Archives Online. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  48. ^ "Council service desk locations". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  49. ^ Campbell, Georgina. "Report reveals Wellington Mayor Andy Foster's poor airport board meeting attendance". The New Zealand Herald. New Zealand Media and Entertainment. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  50. ^ a b "Wellington Airport announces new Board appointment". Wellington Airport. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  51. ^ Manera, Ethan. "Wellington Mayor Tory Whanau missed half of airport board meetings in past year". NZ Herald. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  52. ^ Wellington City Council. "Te Pūrongo ā-Tau Annual Report 2019–2020" (PDF). Wellington City Council. p. 105. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  53. ^ "Harrogate, England". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  54. ^ "Sister Cities – Overview". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  55. ^ "Canberra and Wellington Strengthen Ties". ACT Government. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  56. ^ "Historical Sister Cities". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  57. ^ "Friendly cities". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  58. ^ "Wellington City Council votes for a sister city in Palestine". www.stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 27 January 2024.

References

  • Betts, George (1970). Betts on Wellington: a city and its politics. Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed Ltd. ISBN 0 589 00469 7.
  • A Complete Guide To Heraldry by A.C. Fox-Davies 1909.
  • Yska, Redmer (2006). Wellington: Biography of a city. Auckland: Reed. ISBN 0-7900-1117-4.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Wellington City.

41°17′44″S 174°46′50″E / 41.29556°S 174.78056°E / -41.29556; 174.78056

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