Tallán language

Tallán is an extinct and poorly attested language of the Piura Region of Peru. It is too poorly known to be definitively classified. It may have a possible connection to neighboring Sechura, termed the Sechura–Catacao languages.^[2][1][3]

Loukotka (1968) makes reference both to Tallán and the Catacaoan language family,^[4] which are synonymous,^[1] treating Tallán as related to Sechura but Catacaoan as a distinct family. He lists the following three languages:

• Catacao or Katakao, once spoken around the city of Catacaos
• Colán or Kolán, once spoken between the Piura River and Chira River
• Chira or Lachira or Tangarará, once spoken along the Chira River. (Unattested.)^[5]

Terrence Kaufman includes the Leco language of Bolivia in the Catacaoan group.^[6]

Catacao and Colán are subsumed into the extinct Tallán language as dialects, thus making the Catacaoan family synonymous with Tallán.^[1][7][8]

Around 1596, Bishop of Quito Luis López de Solís commissioned catechisms and grammars to be written for the Indigenous languages of his diocesis, including "la lengua […] tallana", but it is uncertain if these works were ever produced.^[9]

Tallán is known entirely from a 43-word list in a document referred to as the "plan" collected by Martínez Compañón between 1782 and 1785. The "plan" is part of a larger work, known as the Codex Martínez Compañón, detailing life in colonial Peru. Notably, the work also contains a number of watercolors, which were captioned by Martínez Compañón's personal secretary Pedro Agustín de Echevarri, who presumably also wrote down the "plan".

There are two copies of the "plan", one held in Bogotá and the other in Madrid. Both copies include 43-word lists for the Quechua, Mochica (Yunga), Sechura, Colán, Catacaos, Culli, Hibito and Cholón languages, as well as Spanish. The Colán and Catacaos languages are generally subsumed under the name Tallán, and they are closely related, probably dialects of a single language. The two versions of the "plan" have certain differences from each other, particularly in the spelling of the transcriptions.

A number of diacritics are employed in the vocabularies. Their meaning is not elaborated upon in the "plan", although certain diacritics are employed in only some of the languages, and are apparently not merely decorative in purpose. Notably, the Colán list uses numerous diacritics, whereas the Catacaos list has almost none. This may be due to the vocabularies collected by different authors.^[1]

(M) indicates a reading of the Madrid list, and (B) indicates the Bogotá list.

• Ramos Cabredo, J. (1950). Ensayo de un vocabulario de la lengua Tallán o Tallanca. Cuadernos de Estudio del Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, 3:11-55. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.