Soyuz-2

This article is about the launch vehicle. For the 1968 Soyuz spacecraft mission, see Soyuz 2 (1968 mission).
Not to be confused with Soyuz T-2, Soyuz TM-2, Soyuz TMA-2, Soyuz TMA-02M, or Soyuz MS-02.

Soyuz‑2 (2.1a / 2.1b)
A Soyuz‑2.1b rocket launches carrying a GLONASS-K2 satellite to orbit
FunctionMedium-lift launch vehicle
ManufacturerRKTs Progress
Country of originRussia
Cost per launchUS$35 million (2018, 2.1b without fourth stage)[1][2]
Size
Height46.3 m (152 ft)[3]
Diameter10.3 m (33 ft 10 in)
Mass312,000 kg (688,000 lb)
Stages3 or 4
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Altitude240 km (150 mi)
Orbital inclination
  • 51.6° from Baikonur and Vostochny
  • 72° from Plesetsk
Mass
  • From Baikonur:
  • A: 7,430 kg (16,380 lb)
  • B: 8,670 kg (19,110 lb)
  • From Plesetsk:
  • A: 6,800 kg (15,000 lb)
  • B: 7,730 kg (17,040 lb)
  • From Vostochny:
  • A: 7,460 kg (16,450 lb)
  • B: 8,600 kg (19,000 lb)
Payload to Polar orbit
Altitude240 km (150 mi)
Orbital inclination98°
Mass
  • From Baikonur:
  • A: 5,830 kg (12,850 lb)
  • B: 7,030 kg (15,500 lb)
  • From Plesetsk:
  • A: 6,130 kg (13,510 lb)
  • B: 7,270 kg (16,030 lb)
  • From Vostochny:
  • A: 6,070 kg (13,380 lb)
  • B: 7,260 kg (16,010 lb)
Payload to TLI[a]
MassB: 2,350 kg (5,180 lb)[2]
Associated rockets
FamilyR-7 (Soyuz)
Based onSoyuz-FG
Derivative workSoyuz-ST
Soyuz-2.1v
Launch history
StatusActive
Launch sites
Total launches160 (A: 78, B: 82)
Success(es)155 (A: 75, B: 80)
Failure4 (A: 2, B: 2)
Partial failure1 (A: 1, B: 0)
First flight
  • A: 8 November 2004
  • B: 27 December 2006
Last flight
  • A: 25 December 2025 (most recent)
  • B: 5 February 2026 (most recent)
Carries passengers or cargo
Boosters (First stage) – Block B, V, G & D[b]
No. boosters4
Height19.6 m (64 ft 4 in)
Diameter2.68 m (8 ft 10 in)
Empty mass3,784 kg (8,342 lb)
Gross mass44,413 kg (97,914 lb)
Propellant mass
  • LOX: 27,900 kg (61,500 lb)
  • RP-1: 11,260 kg (24,820 lb)
Powered by1 × RD-107A
Maximum thrustSL: 838.5 kN (188,500 lbf)
vac: 1,021.3 kN (229,600 lbf)
Specific impulseSL: 262 s (2.57 km/s)
vac: 319 s (3.13 km/s)[4]
Burn time118 seconds
PropellantLOX / RP-1
Second stage (core) – Block A
Height27.1 m (88 ft 11 in)
Diameter2.95 m (9 ft 8 in)
Empty mass6,545 kg (14,429 lb)
Gross mass99,765 kg (219,944 lb)
Propellant mass
  • LOX: 63,800 kg (140,700 lb)
  • RP-1: 26,300 kg (58,000 lb)
Powered by1 × RD-108A
Maximum thrustSL: 792.5 kN (178,200 lbf)
vac: 990.2 kN (222,600 lbf)
Specific impulseSL: 255 s (2.50 km/s)
vac: 319 s (3.13 km/s)[4]
Burn time286 seconds
PropellantLOX / RP-1
Third stage – Block I[c]
Height6.7 m (22 ft 0 in)
Diameter2.66 m (8 ft 9 in)
Empty mass2,355 kg (5,192 lb)
Gross mass27,755 kg (61,189 lb)
Propellant mass
  • LOX: 17,800 kg (39,200 lb)
  • RP-1: 7,600 kg (16,800 lb)
Powered byA: 1 × RD-0110
B: 1 × RD-0124
Maximum thrustA: 298.03 kN (67,000 lbf)
B: 294.3 kN (66,200 lbf)[5]
Specific impulseA: 325 s (3.19 km/s)
B: 359 s (3.52 km/s)[6]
Burn timeA: 250 seconds
B: 270 seconds
PropellantLOX / RP-1
Fourth stage (optional) – Fregat / Fregat-M[7]
HeightFregat: 1.875 m (6 ft 1.8 in)
Fregat-M: 1.945 m (6 ft 4.6 in)
DiameterFregat: 3.44 m (11 ft 3 in)
Fregat-M: 3.8 m (12 ft 6 in)
Empty massFregat: 945 kg (2,083 lb)
Fregat-M: 1,035 kg (2,282 lb)
Gross massFregat: 6,235 kg (13,746 lb)
Fregat-M: 7,640 kg (16,840 lb)
Propellant massFregat: 5,307 kg (11,700 lb)
Fregat-M: 6,650 kg (14,660 lb)
Powered by1 × S5.92
Maximum thrust13.93–19.85 kN (3,130–4,460 lbf)
Specific impulse320–333.2 s (3.14–3.27 km/s)
Burn timeUp to 1,100 seconds (up to 7 starts)
PropellantN2O4 / UDMH
Fourth stage (optional) – Volga[8]
Height1.025 m (3 ft 4.4 in)
Diameter3.2 m (10 ft 6 in)
Empty mass840 kg (1,850 lb)
Propellant mass300–900 kg (660–1,980 lb)
Powered by1 × 17D64[9]
Maximum thrust2.94 kN (660 lbf)
Specific impulse307 s (3.01 km/s)
PropellantN2O4 / UDMH

Soyuz‑2 (Russian: Союз‑2, lit. 'Union‑2', GRAU index: 14A14) is a Russian expendable medium-lift launch vehicle and the seventh major iteration of the Soyuz rocket family. Compared to its predecessors, Soyuz-2 features significant upgrades, including improved engines and a digital flight control system that enables launches from fixed platforms and supports larger payload fairings.

Developed by the Progress Rocket Space Centre (RKTs Progress) in Samara, Soyuz-2 is used to place payloads into low Earth orbit in standard configuration but can also support missions to higher orbits using an additional upper stage, most commonly the Fregat, though the smaller Volga is available as a less expensive option. Since its introduction in 2004, Soyuz-2 has gradually replaced earlier Soyuz variants and is launched from the facilities of its R-7 derived predecessors: Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan and Sites 43/3 and 43/4 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northwestern Russia, and, since 2016, Site 1S at the Vostochny Cosmodrome in eastern Russia.

The Soyuz‑2 family includes several variants. The base model, Soyuz‑2.1a, debuted on 8 November 2004, followed by the Soyuz‑2.1b, with a 15 percent more powerful third stage, on 27 December 2006. A derivative version, Soyuz‑ST, was introduced in 2011 with modifications for operation at the Guiana Space Centre, the European Space Agency's launch site in French Guiana. Launches from this site were suspended in 2022 following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

History

The Soyuz-2 project was initiated in the early 1990s by RKTs Progress with support from the Government of Russia as the "Rus" program. Following the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it aimed to consolidate production within Russia and replace foreign-supplied systems while modernizing the aging Soyuz-U and Molniya-M launch vehicles. These earlier rockets relied on 1960s-era analog guidance systems developed by the Ukrainian Polisvit Special Design Bureau.[10]

Soyuz-2 introduced a fully digital flight control system and upgraded engines. Development of the digital system began in 1993 at NPO Avtomatiki in Yekaterinburg, incorporating triple redundancy and dual gyroscopes to improve reliability. The modernization program also included updated RD-107A and RD-108A engines for the boosters and core stage, as well as the development of the new RD-0124 third-stage engine employing oxygen-rich staged combustion. Together, these upgrades were intended to increase payload capacity by approximately 1,200 kilograms (2,600 lb).[11]

Financial constraints in the late 1990s led to a phased implementation. The upgraded RD-107A and RD-108A engines first flew on the transitional Soyuz-FG, while the majority of structural and avionics changes were incorporated into Soyuz-2.1a. The new RD-0124 engine was later introduced with Soyuz-2.1b.[11]

Soyuz-2.1a conducted its maiden suborbital flight from Plesetsk Cosmodrome on 8 November 2004 and entered operational service in October 2006 with the launch of MetOp-A for the European Space Agency and EUMETSAT. Soyuz-2.1b followed in December 2006. Between 2010 and 2019, the Soyuz-2 family gradually replaced Molniya-M, Soyuz-U, and Soyuz-FG.[12][13]

Variants

Soyuz-2.1a

Soyuz‑2.1a introduced the digital flight control system, replacing the analog unit used on previous Soyuz rockets.[2] The system enabled in-flight trajectory adjustments and supported larger payload fairings, permitting the launch of heavier commercial satellites.[14]

The vehicle uses upgraded RD-107A and RD-108A engines, featuring over 1,000 single-component injectors replacing earlier dual-component designs, improving combustion efficiency and increasing specific impulse by approximately 5-second (0.049 km/s).[15][2]

The third stage retained the RD-0110 engine but adopted enlarged propellant tanks and a revised structure shared with Soyuz-2.1b. Combined with the lighter avionics, these changes increased payload capacity by about 300 kilograms (660 lb).[3][16]

The first Soyuz‑2.1a launch took place on 8 November 2004 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 with a boilerplate payload simulating a Zenit-8 reconnaissance satellite.[2]

Soyuz-2.1b

Soyuz 2.1b retains the upgrades of the 2.1a and introduces a new third stage powered by the RD-0124 engine. Using oxygen-rich staged combustion, the engine increases specific impulse from 326 to 359 seconds (3.20 to 3.52 km/s). Although maximum thrust was slightly reduced from 298 to 294 kilonewtons (67,000 to 66,000 lbf), extended burn time with the same propellant load improved overall performance.

The enhanced third stage significantly increased payload capability. From the Baikonur Cosmodrome, payload capacity to low Earth orbit rose from approximately 7,430 kilograms (16,380 lb) for the 2.1a to 8,670 kilograms (19,110 lb) for the 2.1b.[17][18]

The first Soyuz‑2.1b launch occurred on 26 July 2008 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 with a classified military payload.[19]

  • Closeup of booster and core stage engines of a Soyuz‑2.1a during launch
  • Soyuz‑2.1a prepared for Soyuz MS-26
  • Soyuz‑2.1b prepared for GLONASS-K2 satellite launch
  • From left to right: Soyuz‑2.1v, Soyuz‑2.1b, Soyuz‑2.1a (crewed variant), and the proposed Soyuz‑5

Vostochny modifications

The Soyuz-2 family received specific modifications for operation from the Vostochny Cosmodrome, aimed at improving reliability, compatibility with ground infrastructure, and safety:[20][21]

  • Enhanced Durability: The rocket was modified to remain fueled on the launch pad for up to 100 hours and withstand transport over distances of up to 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi) from the manufacturing site in Samara to the Russian Far East.
  • Adaptation for Vertical Integration: Structural and piping modifications enable vertical payload integration and safely vent excess propellant outside the Mobile Service Tower, minimizing oxygen vapor buildup inside the gantry.
  • Upgraded Computer: Offers six times the performance, reduced weight, and simplified wiring through multiplexing and shared data buses.[22][23][24]
  • Improved Batteries: New nickel-cadmium batteries eliminate the need for a dedicated charging station.

On 1 October 2015, it was revealed that parts of the assembly complex at Vostochny had been incorrectly designed for a different rocket variant, with some structures too small to accommodate Soyuz-2. This issue cast doubt on the planned inaugural launch in December 2015.[25] The first launch successfully took place on 28 April 2016.[26]

Notable missions

Suborbital test flight

On 8 November 2004, at 18:30 UTC, the first Soyuz‑2 rocket, in the Soyuz‑2.1a configuration, was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. The rocket followed a suborbital trajectory, with the third stage and Boilerplate landing in the Pacific Ocean.

Maiden launch

The first attempt at launching a Soyuz‑2 to orbit with the MetOp-A satellite occurred on 17 July 2006. It was scrubbed two hours before the launch by an automatic sequence after the onboard computer failed to check the launch azimuth. Fuelling of the rocket was underway at the time, and all launch complex equipment and onboard preliminary checks had proceeded without incident. The rocket was left fuelled on the launch pad for the next attempt on 18 July 2006. Launch was eventually conducted on 19 October 2006.

First crewed mission

The first crewed launch of Soyuz‑2 took place on 9 April 2020, carrying Soyuz MS-16 to the ISS.

Naphthyl fuel

Following successful ground testing, a naphthyl (Russian: нафтил) fueled Soyuz‑2.1b launch took place on 22 October 2022 at Vostochny. Naphthyl is an environmentally safe hydrocarbon fuel with fewer aromatic compounds than kerosene, which also slightly improves engine performance. There are only minor differences in thermal properties, viscosity, and surface tension, so this did not require significant engine changes.[27]

Launch statistics

Since 2006, Soyuz‑2 rockets have accumulated a total of 160 launches, 155 of which were successful, yielding a 97% success rate.

For Soyuz flights for ESA/Ariannespace from French Guiana see Soyuz-ST.

Launch outcomes

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2006
2010
2015
2020
2025
  •   Failure
  •   Partial failure
  •   Success
  •   Planned

Launch sites

5
10
15
20
2006
2010
2015
2020
2025
  •   Baikonur
  •   Plesetsk
  •   Vostochny

List of launches

Main article: List of R-7 launches
Launch date
Time (UTC) 		Configuration Spaceport Result Payload Mission type Remarks
8 November 2004
18:30 		Soyuz‑2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Zenit-8 (boilerplate) Suborbital flight test
19 October 2006
16:28 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat Baikonur, Site 31 Success MetOp-A Weather satellite
24 December 2006
08:34 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Meridian 1 Military communications satellite
27 December 2006
14:28 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Baikonur, Site 31 Success CoRoT Astronomy satellite
26 July 2008
18:31 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[28] Kosmos 2441 (Persona No.1) Reconnaissance satellite Launch was successful, but the satellite failed after a few months of operations due to an electrical fault.
21 May 2009
21:53 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Plesetsk, Site 43 Failure[29] Meridian 2 Military communications satellite Bulging of third-stage combustion chamber led to fuel leak and automatic deactivation; satellite in unusable orbit after failed correction attempt.
17 September 2009
15:55 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Baikonur, Site 31 Success Meteor-M No.1
 Weather satellite
+ 6 piggyback satellites
19 October 2010
17:11 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31 Success Globalstar-2 F1 (6 satellites) Communications satellite
2 November 2010
00:59 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Meridian 3 Military communications satellite
26 February 2011
03:07 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2471 (GLONASS-K 11L) Navigation satellite
4 May 2011
17:41 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Meridian 4 Military communications satellite
13 July 2011
02:27 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31 Success Globalstar-2 F2 (6 satellites) Communications satellite
2 October 2011
20:15 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2474 (GLONASS-M 742) Navigation satellite
28 November 2011
08:25 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[30] Kosmos 2478 (GLONASS-M 746) Navigation satellite
23 December 2011
12:08 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Failure[31] Meridian 5 Military communications satellite Third-stage engine shut down early and exploded, sending the rocket off course; satellite not deployed.
28 December 2011
17:09 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31 Success[32] Globalstar-2 F3 (6 satellites) Communications satellite
17 September 2012
16:28 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat Baikonur, Site 31 Success MetOp-B Weather satellite
14 November 2012
11:42 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Meridian 6 Military communications satellite
6 February 2013
16:04:24 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31 Success Globalstar-2 F4 (6 satellites) Communications satellite
19 April 2013
10:00:00 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Bion-M No.1
 Biological science satellite
+ 5 piggyback satellites
26 April 2013
05:23:46 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[33] Kosmos 2485 (GLONASS-M 747) Navigation satellite
7 June 2013
18:37:59 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[34] Kosmos 2486 (Persona No.2) Reconnaissance satellite
25 June 2013
17:28:48 		Soyuz‑2.1b Baikonur, Site 31 Success[35] Resurs-P No.1 Earth observation satellite
23 March 2014
22:54:03 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[36] Kosmos 2494 (GLONASS-M 754) Navigation satellite
6 May 2014
13:49:35 		Soyuz‑2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[37] Kosmos 2495 (Kobalt-M) Reconnaissance satellite
14 June 2014
17:16:48 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[38] Kosmos 2500 (GLONASS-M 755) Navigation satellite
8 July 2014
15:58:28 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31 Success[39] Meteor-M No.2
 Weather satellite
+ 6 piggyback satellites
18 July 2014
20:50:00 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur,
Site 31 		Success Foton-M No.4 Microgravity and biology research satellite
29 October 2014
07:09:43 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Progress M-25M ISS cargo spacecraft. This was the first time Soyuz 2.1a rocket was used for an ISS mission launch.
30 October 2014
01:42:52 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Meridian 7 Military communications satellite
30 November 2014
21:52:26 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2501 (GLONASS-K 12L) Navigation satellite
25 December 2014
03:01:13 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2502 (Lotos-S1 No.1) ELINT
26 December 2014
18:55:50 		Soyuz‑2.1b Baikonur, Site 31 Success Resurs-P No.2 Earth observation satellite
27 February 2015
11:01:35 		Soyuz‑2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2503 (Bars-M 1L) Reconnaissance
28 April 2015
07:09:50 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Failure Progress M-27M ISS logistics The spacecraft lost attitude control and communications after launch vibrations caused damage.[40] ISS docking was canceled,[41] and the mission was declared a total loss.[42]
5 June 2015
15:23:54 		Soyuz‑2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2505 (Kobalt-M) Reconnaissance
23 June 2015
16:44:00 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2506 (Persona No.3) Reconnaissance
17 November 2015
06:33:41 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2510
(EKS) 		Missile early warning
21 December 2015
08:44:39 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Progress MS-01 ISS logistics
7 February 2016
00:21:07 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2514 (GLONASS-M 751) Navigation
13 March 2016
18:56:00 		Soyuz‑2.1b Baikonur, Site 31 Success Resurs-P No.3 Earth observation
24 March 2016
09:42 		Soyuz‑2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2515 (Bars-M 2L) Reconnaissance
31 March 2016
16:23:57 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Progress MS-02 ISS logistics
28 April 2016
02:01:21 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Volga Vostochny, Site 1S Success[26] Mikhailo Lomonosov[43]
  • Aist-2D[44]
  • SamSat 218
 Gamma-ray astronomy
Technology demonstrations
29 May 2016
08:44:37 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[45] Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 760) Navigation The third stage shut down early, but Fregat compensated with a longer burn, placing the satellite in the correct orbit.[46]
25 May 2017
06:33 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[47] EKS-2 Missile early warning
14 June 2017
09:20 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Progress MS-06 ISS logistics
14 July 2017
06:36:49 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31 Partial failure Kanopus-V-IK
Many cubesats 		Earth observation
Heliophysics 		At least 9 of 72 CubeSats failed, due to a Fregat-M upper stage failure.[48][49]
22 September 2017
00:02:32 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2522 (GLONASS-M 752) Navigation
14 October 2017
08:46:53 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Progress MS-07 ISS logistics
28 November 2017
05:41:46 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S[50] Failure[51] Meteor-M No.2-1
Ionosfera
Baumanets
Several cubesats 		Weather
Ionospheric research 		Orbital insertion burn fired while the upper stage was oriented in the wrong direction, causing it to re-enter the atmosphere. Roscosmos found 20 years earlier Baikonur coordinates had been mistakenly hardcoded into a Fregat subroutine, and the error only surfaced due to the launch from Vostochny. Critics say the explanation avoids assigning personal blame.[52]
2 December 2017
10:43:26 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[53] Kosmos 2524 (Lotos S1 No.2) ELINT
1 February 2018
02:07:18[54] 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S[50] Success[55][56] Kanopus-V No.3, No.4
Lemur-2 74, 75, 76, 77
S-Net 1, 2, 3, 4
D-Star One v.1.1[57] 		Earth observation
Technology demonstrations
13 February 2018
08:13:33 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success[58] Progress MS-08 ISS logistics
16 June 2018
21:30 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2527 (GLONASS-M 756) Navigation
9 July 2018
21:51 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success[59] Progress MS-09 ISS logistics
25 October 2018
00:15 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[60] Kosmos 2528 (Lotos-S1 No.3) ELINT
3 November 2018
20:17 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[61] Kosmos 2529 (GLONASS-M 757) Navigation
27 December 2018
02:07 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success[62] Kanopus-V No.5 and Kanopus-V No.6
Dove Flock-w × 12 		Earth observation satellites.
21 February 2019
19:47 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31 Success[63] EgyptSat A Earth observation
4 April 2019
11:01 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success[64] Progress MS-11 ISS logistics
27 May 2019
09:23 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[65] GLONASS-M 758 Navigation. Lightning struck the rocket 14 seconds after launch without affecting its performance.[65]
5 July 2019
05:41 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success[66] Meteor-M No.2-2 Microsputnik Weather
30 July 2019
05:56 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[67] Meridian 8 Communications
31 July 2019
12:10 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success[68] Progress MS-12 ISS logistics
22 August 2019
03:38 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success[69] Soyuz MS-14 (uncrewed flight test) ISS crew transport
26 September 2019
07:46 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[70] Kosmos 2541 Military reconnaissance
6 December 2019
09:34 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-13 / 74P ISS logistics
11 December 2019 Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success GLONASS-M 759 Navigation
6 February 2020
21:42:41 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success OneWeb-2 (34 satellites)
(Baikonur flight 1)[71] 		Communications
20 February 2020
08:24:54 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Meridian M-9 (19L) Military comsat[72]
16 March 2020
18:28:00 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success[51] GLONASS-M No.760
(Kosmos 2545) 		Navigation
21 March 2020
17:06:58 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success[51][73] OneWeb-3 (34 satellites)
(Baikonur flight 2) 		Communications
9 April 2020
08:05:06 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success[51] Soyuz MS-16 ISS crew transport
25 April 2020
01:51:41 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success[74] Progress MS-14 ISS logistics
22 May 2020
06:45[75] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Success EKS-4 (Tundra 14L)[76] Early warning
23 July 2020
14:26:22 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-15 ISS logistics
28 September 2020
11:20:00 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Gonets-M (17/18/19)
GEN-1 (Antilles and Amidala) (Canada), Lemur-2 (4) (United States), MeznSat (United Arab Emirates), SALSAT (Germany), NetSat-1 to 4 (Germany), ICEYE-X6 and X7 (Finland), LacunaSat-3 (Lithuania), Yarilo-1 and 2 (Russia), Norbi (Russia) and Dekart (Descartes) (Russia)[77] 		Communications
14 October 2020
05:45:04[78] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-17 ISS crew transport
25 October 2020
19:08:42[79] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2547 (GLONASS-K 15L) Navigation
3 December 2020
01:14[80] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Gonets-M 20/21/22
ERA-1 (Kosmos-2548) (nanosatellite) 		Communication
Technology – Russian Ministry of Defense
18 December 2020
12:26:26[81] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb-4 (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 1) 		Communications
2 February 2021
20:45:28[82] 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2549 (Lotos-S1 No.4) ELINT
15 February 2021
04:45:05[83] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-16 ISS logistics
28 February 2021
06:55:01[84] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Arktika-M No.1 Weather satellite
22 March 2021
06:07:12[85] 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success CAS500-1
A cluster of secondary commercial payloads (+37 satellites). 		Earth observation
25 March 2021
02:47:33[86] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb-5 (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 2) 		Communications
9 April 2021
07:42:40[87] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-18 ISS crew transport
25 April 2021
22:14:08[88] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb-6 (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 3) 		Communications
28 May 2021
17:38:39[89] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb-7 (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 4) 		Communications
25 June 2021
19:50:00[90] 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2550 (Pion-NKS No.1) SIGINT
29 June 2021
23:27:20[91] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-17 ISS logistics
1 July 2021
12:48:33[92] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb-8 (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 5) 		Communications
21 August 2021
22:13:40[93] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success OneWeb-9 (34 satellites)
(Baikonur flight 3) 		Communications
14 September 2021
18:07:19[94] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success OneWeb-10 (34 satellites)
(Baikonur flight 4) 		Communications
5 October 2021
08:55:02[95] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-19 ISS crew transport
14 October 2021
09:40:10[96] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 6) 		Communications
28 October 2021
00:00:32[97] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-18 ISS logistics
24 November 2021
13:06:35[98] 		Soyuz‑2.1b Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Prichal ISS assembly
25 November 2021
01:09:13[99] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2552 (EKS-5, Tundra 15L) Early warning
8 December 2021
07:38:15[100] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-20 ISS crew transport and space tourism
27 December 2021
13:10:37[101] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success OneWeb (36 satellites)
(Baikonur flight 5) 		Communications
5 February 2022
07:00:00[102] 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2553 Military
15 February 2022
04:25:39[103] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-19 ISS logistics
18 March 2022
15:55:18[104] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-21 ISS crew transport
22 March 2022
12:48:22[105] 		Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Meridian-M 10 (20L) Military communications
7 April 2022
11:20:18[106] 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2554 (Lotos-S1 No.5) ELINT
19 May 2022
08:03:32[107] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2556 (Bars-M 3L) Reconnaissance
3 June 2022
09:32:16[108] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-20 ISS logistics
7 July 2022
09:18:06[109] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2557 (GLONASS-K 16L) Navigation
9 August 2022
05:52:38[110] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Khayyam
16 rideshare cubesats 		Earth observation
21 September 2022
13:54:49[111] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-22 ISS crew transport
10 October 2022
02:52:32[112] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2559 (GLONASS-K 17L) Navigation
22 October 2022
19:57:09[113] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success Gonets-M 23/24/25 (33L/34L/35L), Skif-D Communications
26 October 2022
00:20:09[114] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-21 ISS logistics
2 November 2022
06:47:48[115] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2563 (EKS-6, Tundra 16L) Early warning
28 November 2022
15:13:50[116] 		Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2564 (GLONASS-M 761) Navigation
30 November 2022
21:10:25[117] 		Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2565 (Lotos-S1 No.6)
Kosmos 2566 		ELINT
9 February 2023
06:15:36[118] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-22 ISS logistics
24 February 2023
00:24:29[119] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-23 ISS crew transport
23 March 2023
06:40:11[120] 		Soyuz‑2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2567 (Bars-M 4L) Reconnaissance
24 May 2023 12:56:07[121] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-23 ISS logistics
26 May 2023 21:14:51[122] Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success Kondor-FKA No.1 Reconnaissance
27 June 2023 11:34:49[123] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success Meteor-M No.2-3
42 rideshare satellites 		Weather
Various uses
7 August 2023 13:19:25[124] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2569 (GLONASS-K2 13L) Navigation
10 August 2023 23:10:57[125] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success Luna 25 (Luna-Glob lander) Lunar exploration
23 August 2023 01:08:10[126] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-24 ISS logistics
15 September 2023 15:44:35[127] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-24 ISS crew transport
27 October 2023 06:04:43[128] Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2570 (Lotos-S1 No.7)
Kosmos 2571 		ELINT
25 November 2023 20:58:06[129] Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2572 (Razdan 1) Reconnaissance
1 December 2023 09:25:11[130] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-25 ISS logistics
16 December 2023 09:17:48[131] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Arktika-M No.2 Meteorology
21 December 2023 08:48:39[132] Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2573 (Bars-M 5L) Reconnaissance
15 February 2024 03:25:05[133] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-26 ISS logistics
29 February 2024 05:43:26[134] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success Meteor-M No.2-4
18 rideshare satellites 		Weather
Various uses
23 March 2024 12:36:10[135] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-25 ISS crew transport
31 March 2024 09:36:45[136] Soyuz‑2.1b Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Resurs-P No.4 Earth observation
16 May 2024 21:21:29[137] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2576 (Nivelir-L No.4)
9 rideshare satellites 		Reconnaissance
Various uses
30 May 2024 09:42:59[138] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-27 ISS logistics
15 August 2024 03:20:18[139] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-28 ISS logistics
11 September 2024 16:23:12[140] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-26 ISS crew transport
31 October 2024 07:51:31[141] Soyuz‑2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2579 (Bars-M 6L) Reconnaissance
4 November 2024 23:18:40[142] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success Ionosfera-M No.1
Ionosfera-M No.2
53 rideshare satellites 		Ionospheric research
Various uses
21 November 2024 12:22:23[143] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-29 ISS logistics
29 November 2024 21:50:25[144] Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success Kondor-FKA No.2 Reconnaissance
4 December 2024 18:03:13[145] Soyuz‑2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2580 (Lotos-S1 No.8) ELINT
25 December 2024 07:45:42[146] Soyuz‑2.1b Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Resurs-P No.5 Earth observation 2,000th R-7 family rocket launched.[147]
27 February 2025 21:24:27[148] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-30 ISS logistics
2 March 2025 22:22:16[149] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2584
(GLONASS-K2 No. 14L (K2 No.2)) 		Navigation
8 April 2025 05:47:15[150] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-27 ISS crew transport
23 May 2025 08:36[151] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2588 (Unknown Payload) ?
3 July 2025 19:32:40[152] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-31 ISS logistics
25 July 2025 05:54:04[153] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success Ionosfera-M No.3
Ionosfera-M No.4
18 rideshare satellites 		Ionospheric research
Various uses
20 August 2025 17:13:10[154] Soyuz‑2.1b Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Bion-M No.2 Biological science
11 September 2025 15:54:06[155] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-32 ISS logistics
13 September 2025 02:10:00[156] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2595
(GLONASS-K No. 18L)
Kosmos 2596
(Mozhayets-6) 		Navigation & Small experimental satellite
27 November 2025 09:27:57[157] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-28 ISS crew transport pad structure damaged during launch
25 December 2025 14:11[158] Soyuz‑2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Obzor-R No.1 Earth observation
28 December 2025 13:18:05[159] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Vostochny, Site 1S Success Aist-2T No.1
Aist-2T No.2
50 rideshares 		Earth observation
Various uses
5 February 2026 18:59[160] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos (Unknown Payload) Military payload

Planned launches

Launch date (UTC) Configuration Spaceport Result Payload Function Remark
19 March 2026 Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Planned 16 x Rassvet-3 Internet Constellation
22 March 2026[161] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-33 ISS logistics
2026[162] Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Meteor-M No.2-5 Weather
2026[163] Soyuz‑2.1b Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Resurs-PM No.1 Earth observation
2026[164][165] Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Kondor-FKA-M No.1 Reconnaissance
2026[162] Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Meteor-M No.2-6 Weather
2026[163] Soyuz‑2.1b Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Resurs-PM No.2 Earth observation
2026 Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Planned GLONASS-K No. 19L Navigation
2026[166] Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat‑M Plesetsk, Site 43 Planned Meridian-M No. 21L Communications
February 2026[161] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-34 ISS logistics
March 2026[167] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Planned Soyuz MS-29 ISS crew transport
May 2026[161] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-35 ISS logistics
August 2026[161] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-36 ISS logistics
September 2026[167] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Planned Soyuz MS-30 ISS crew transport
October 2026[161] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-37 ISS logistics
2027[168] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Luna 26 Lunar orbiter
Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat Plesetsk, Site 43 Planned GLONASS-K 19–23 Navigation

See also

Notes

  1. ^ with Fregat from Baikonur
  2. ^ This is a transliteration of the second through fifth letters of the Cyrillic alphabet (Б, В, Г, Д). A sense-for-sense translation would correspond to the second through fifth letters of the Latin alphabet, 'Block B, C, D & E'.
  3. ^ This is a transliteration of the tenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet (И), which also carries the numerical value 10 in Cyrillic numerals. A sense-for-sense translation would use a Roman numeral, 'Block X'.

References

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