Gravity-1

Gravity-1
引力一号
	Gravity-1 mission 1 launch 11 January 2024
Function	expendable medium-lift launch vehicle
Manufacturer	Orienspace
Country of origin	China
Size
Height	29.4 metres (96 ft)
Diameter	2.65 metres (8.7 ft)
Mass	405 tonnes (893,000 lb)
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to SSO (500km)
Mass	4,200 kg (9,300 lb)
Payload to LEO (200km)
Mass	6,500 kg (14,300 lb)
Launch history
Status	Active
Launch sites	China Dongfang Spacecraft Launch Port
Total launches	2
Success(es)	2
Failure	0
First flight	11 January 2024

Gravity-1 (Chinese: 引力一号 or YinLi-1) is a solid-propellant expendable medium-lift launch vehicle designed, manufactured and launched by Chinese aerospace company Orienspace. It can carry a payload of up to 6.5 tonnes (14,000 lb) to LEO or 4.2 tonnes (9,300 lb) to SSO, enabling the deployment of large-scale satellite constellations. The rocket has a height of 30 meters, a take-off weight of 400 tonnes, a take-off thrust of 600 tonnes,^[2] and a fairing diameter of 4.2 meters.^[3] Its maiden launch was conducted from a sea launch platform in the Yellow Sea on January 11, 2024, breaking records as both the world's most powerful solid-fuel carrier rocket and China's most powerful commercial launch vehicle to date.^[4] Large pieces of debris were seen during the launch, which carried 3 Yunyao-1 meteorological satellites built by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, as part of the planned 90-satellite Yunyao constellation.^[4]^[3]

Gravity-1 consists of seven solid rocket motors (SRB) in total. The first four side-mounted SRBs are ignited on the ground, while three core boosters are air-lit in sequence. The launch cost for Gravity-1 is around US$39 million. Gravity-1 has a quick-response-time of only five hours between manufacturing completion and launch. Orienspace has signed contracts for the launch of more than one hundred satellites.^[5] Gravity-1 is the most powerful rocket consisting of entirely solid-rocket motors.^[6] Due to the huge solid rocket motors, large plumes of smoke were produced during the launch.

List of launches

Serial number	Flight number	Date (UTC)	Launch site	Payload	Orbit	Outcome
1	Gravity-1 Y1	11 January 2024 05:30 UTC	Special converted barge (Dong Fang Hang Tian Gang) Offshore waters of Haiyang Port	Yunyao-1 18–20 weather satellites	LEO (50° inclination, 500km circular)	Success^[4]
2	Gravity-1 Y2	11 October 2025 02:20 UTC	Special converted barge (Dong Fang Hang Tian Gang) Offshore waters of Haiyang Port	Jilin-1 Kuanfu-02B-07 Shutianyuxing 01 Shutianyuxing 02	SSO	Success^[4]
3	Gravity-1 Y3	2025	Special converted barge (Dong Fang Hang Tian Gang) Offshore waters of Haiyang Port	TBA	LEO	Planned^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c 东方空间 (2024-01-11). "引力一号海上首飞成功！创全球最大固体运载火箭纪录！". 微信公众号. Archived from the original on 2024-01-11. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
^ Mansfield, Simon (2024-01-12). "China's Gravity 1 sets record for solid rocket fuels in maiden launch". Space Daily. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
^ ^a ^b Sesnic, Trevor (2024-01-09). "Maiden Flight | Gravity-1". Everyday Astronaut. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Jones, Andrew (11 January 2024). "Orienspace breaks Chinese commercial launch records with Gravity-1 solid rocket". SpaceNews. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
^ Gravity-1 rocket explained. Retrieved 2024-04-07 – via www.youtube.com.
^ Mike Wall (2024-01-11). "China's record-breaking Gravity-1 rocket aces amazing debut launch from ship at sea (video)". Space. Retrieved 2025-10-03.

[YL-1_Y1-1] 东方空间 (2024-01-11). "引力一号海上首飞成功！创全球最大固体运载火箭纪录！". 微信公众号. Archived from the original on 2024-01-11. Retrieved 2024-01-11.

[2] Mansfield, Simon (2024-01-12). "China's Gravity 1 sets record for solid rocket fuels in maiden launch". Space Daily. Retrieved 2024-04-29.

[:0-3] Sesnic, Trevor (2024-01-09). "Maiden Flight | Gravity-1". Everyday Astronaut. Retrieved 2024-04-29.

[sn-20240111-4] Jones, Andrew (11 January 2024). "Orienspace breaks Chinese commercial launch records with Gravity-1 solid rocket". SpaceNews. Retrieved 11 January 2024.

[5] Gravity-1 rocket explained. Retrieved 2024-04-07 – via www.youtube.com.

[6] Mike Wall (2024-01-11). "China's record-breaking Gravity-1 rocket aces amazing debut launch from ship at sea (video)". Space. Retrieved 2025-10-03.

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Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S 2^† Chollima-1 Electron Eris^† Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H3 HANBIT-NANO^† Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 6C 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 12A LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C New Glenn Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB Spectrum^† SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2E 3
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Blue Whale 1 Cyclone-4M Deca Eclipse Epsilon S Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kinetica 2 2H 3 KSLV-III Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 Miura 5 Neutron New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Pallas-1 Red Dwarf RFA One SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIA H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 2-1v Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 RS1^† Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^† 2
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol ^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)