Rineloricaria

Rineloricaria
Rineloricaria eigenmanni
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Loricariidae
Subfamily: Loricariinae
Genus: Rineloricaria
Bleeker, 1862[1]
Type species
Loricaria lima
Kner, 1853[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Hemiloricaria Bleeker, 1862
  • Ixinandria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979
  • Leliella Isbrücker 2001
  • Fonchiiichthys Isbrücker & Michels, 2001

Rineloricaria is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the suckermouth armored catfishes. This genus is one of the most speciose genus of mailed catfishes. The catfishes in this genus are found in rivers southern Central America and northern and central South America. Species from this genus are found in the aquarium trade.

Taxonomy

Rineloricaria was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1862 by the Dutch physician, herpetologist and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker with Loricaria lima designated as its type species, as well as being the only species then included.[1] Loricaria lima was first formally described in 1853 by Rudolf Kner with its type locality given as Brazil.[2] The genus is included in the subfamily Loricariinae of the family Loricariidae within the suborder Loricarioidei of the catfish order Siluriformes.[3]

Hemiloricaria, Ixinandria, Fonchiiichthys, and Leliella been variably considered synonyms of Rineloricaria; these genera were erected to account for differences in sexually dimorphic traits. However, the traits used to diagnose these genera have been thought to be insufficient.[4] Overall this taxon is one of the least resolved Loricariid genera.[5]

Species

Rineloricaria contains the following valid species:[2]

Distribution and habitat

The genus is widely distributed on nearly the entire subcontinent, from Costa Rica to Argentina, on both slopes of the Andes.[7] Rineloricaria species are found in a large variety of habitats, including large rivers, streams, and lagoons, associated with bottoms consisting of sand or rocks, sometimes found in marginal vegetation. They are also found to tolerate environments with a wide temperature gradient.[8] Rineloricaria have an adaptive capacity enabling many species to exploit the most varied habitats; some species, such as R. strigilata, have been caught in highly polluted bodies of water and represent some of the main components of the ichthyological diversity in such habitats.[5]

Appearance and anatomy

The average length of a Rineloricaria catfish is about 13 cm (5 in) long. The fish are long, slender, have no visible barbels, an erect dorsal fin, a very thin caudal peduncle, and a narrow face. The coloration of the fishes is usually light brown with darker blotches, and have a dark dorsal fin. They are also covered with bony plates and have a sucker disk mouth, as is common with most fish in the family Loricariidae.

Reproduction

Sexual dimorphism includes hypertrophied development of the odontodes along the sides of the head, on the pectoral spines and rays, and predorsal area of mature males. Several species also show hypertrophied development of the odontodes on the entire caudal peduncle.[7] In males, the pectoral fin spine is often thick, short, and curved when compared to the female.[4] Rineloricaria are cavity brooders. Numerous eggs (often more than 100) are laid attached to one another in single layer masses on the cavity floor, and are brooded by males.[7] Rineloricaria exhibit high levels of karyotypic diversity with chromosome numbers ranging from 36 to 70.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Loricariinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
  2. ^ a b Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Rineloricaria". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
  3. ^ Richard van der Laan; Ronald Fricke (eds.). "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
  4. ^ a b Py-Daniel, Lúcia H. Rapp; Fichberg, Ilana (2008). "A new species of Rineloricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from rio Daraá, rio Negro basin, Amazon, Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 6 (3): 339–346. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252008000300007.
  5. ^ a b Rodríguez, Mónica S.; Miquelarena, Amalia M. (2005). "A new species of Rineloricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Paraná and Uruguay River basins, Misiones, Argentina" (PDF). Zootaxa. 945: 1–15. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.945.1.1.
  6. ^ Beatriz Rodrigues da Cruz; Jonatas Santos Lima Pereira; Claudio Oliveira; and Guilherme José da Costa Silva (2026). "A New sand-dwelling Species of Rineloricaria (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Eastern Brazilian Basin". ZooKeys. 1269: 211–224. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1269.155896.
  7. ^ a b c d Covain, Raphael; Fisch-Muller, Sonia (2007). "The genera of the Neotropical armored catfish subfamily Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): a practical key and synopsis" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1462: 1–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1462.1.1.
  8. ^ Fichberg, Ilana; Chamon, Carine C. (2008). "Rineloricaria osvaldoi (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): a new species of armored catfish from rio Vermelho, Araguaia basin, Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 6 (3): 347–354. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252008000300008.
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