Southern Popoloca language

Southern Popoloca
Native toMexico
RegionPuebla
Native speakers
(7,000 cited 1991–1993)[1]
Oto-Manguean
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
poe – San Juan Atzingo
pbe – Metzontla
Glottologsanj1285  San Juan Atzingo
mezo1235  Mezontla

Southern Popoloca is an indigenous language of Puebla state, Mexico. There are two principal varieties, sometimes counted as distinct languages:

  • San Juan Atzingo Popoloca (a.k.a. Atzingo, San Juan)
  • Metzontla Popoloca (a.k.a. Los Reyes Metzontla Popoloca) which are about 75% mutually intelligible.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants in the San Juan Atzingo dialect[2]
Labial Dental/
Alveolar 		Post-alv./
Palatal 		Retroflex Velar Glottal
Nasal voiced m n
voiceless m̥ ⟨jm⟩ n̥ ⟨jn⟩
Plosive p t k ʔ ⟨h, '⟩
Affricate t͡s ⟨ts⟩ t͡ʃ t͡ʂ ⟨chr⟩
Fricative f ð ⟨d⟩ s ʃ ⟨x⟩ ʂ ⟨xr⟩ h ⟨j⟩
Rhotic r
Lateral l
Approximant w ⟨v⟩ j
  • Consonants preceding /h/ are then heard as aspirated [Cʰ]; when preceding /ʔ/, they are heard as ejectives [Cʼ].
Consonants in the Mezontla dialect[3]
Labial Dental Alveolar Post-alv. Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal voiced m n
voiceless m̥ n̥
Plosive/Affricate voiceless p t͡s t t͡ʂ t͡ʃ k ʔ
aspirated t͡sʰ tʰ t͡ʂʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ
voiced b d ɡ
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᶮd͡ʒ ᵑɡ
Fricative voiceless (f) s ʃ ~ ʂ x
prenasal ⁿz ᵑɣ
Rhotic voiced r
prenasal ⁿr
Lateral l
Approximant w j

Marginal affricates include /k͡f, s͡t/.

  • /ʃ/ is heard as retroflex [ʂ] when before vowels /a, ã, u, ũ/.
  • /f/ is heard only from loanwords.
  • /j/ may be realized as a nasal [ɲ] when in the position of nasal vowels.
  • Stop consonants when preceding /ʔ/ are heard as ejectives [Cʼ].

Vowels

Vowels in the San Juan Atzingo dialect[2]
Oral Nasal
Front Central Back Front Central Back
Close i o~u ĩ õ~ũ
Mid e ẽ
Open a ã
  • /o, õ/ when heard in diphthongs, and after consonants /t, k, ʔ, t͡ʃ, t͡ʂ, ʂ, n̥/ is heard as [u, ũ].
  • Nasalization is indicated by ⟨n⟩ after the vowel.[2]
Vowels in the Mezontla dialect[3]
Oral Nasal
Front Central Back Front Central Back
Close i u ĩ ũ
Mid e ẽ
Open a ã

Tones

Mezontla Popoloca has 3 tonemes.[3]

References

  1. ^ San Juan Atzingo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Metzontla at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ a b c Kalstrom-Dolson, Marjorie; Krumholz, Jeanne Austin; Ewan, Doris Bartholomew (1995). Diccionario popoloca de San Juan Atzingo, Puebla (PDF). In Austin Krumholz, Jeanne and Kalstrom Dolson, Marjorie and Hernández Ayuso, Miguel: Tucson: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 283–390.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  3. ^ a b c Veerman-Leichsenring, Annette W. (1991). Gramática del Popoloca de Metzontla. Amsterdam: Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
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