Sindhis of Balochistan

The Sindhis of Balochistan are an indigenous Sindhi population living in Balochistan, Pakistan.[1]

History

Further information: Zutt and Baloch people § Medieval period

Before the migration of the Baloch into the region now known as Balochistan, some Arab writers noted the presence of tribes such as the Meds and Zutts. Zutt was an Arabic exonym applied to the various tribes found across the lower Indus valley,[2] including those who inhabited parts of Makran and Kaikan.[3][4]

Arab writers mentioned the Baloch living in the eastern regions of Iran in the 9th century.[5] They would then be pushed further east into Pakistani Balochistan by Persian and Turkic dynasties like the Buyids, Ghaznavids, and Seljuqs.[6] Once settled, the Baloch would use the term "Jadgal" (lit. 'Jaṭṭ-speakers',[7] i.e. those who speak the language of the [Sindhi] Jats)[8] to identify all the native Sindhis they interacted with, regardless of their tribe.

The Jats of Balochistan are a group of Sindhi-origin (Jadgal, Jamote and Sindhi Jat)[9][10][11] tribes which live in the region, and they are generally accepted as Baloch.[12]

The Sindhi Hindu Brahman dynasty ruled Sindh and parts of Balochistan under Chach of Aror.[13] After their conversion to Islam, the Sindhi-origin Soomras, Sammas, Kalhoras, and the princely rulers of Makran and Las Bela continued to rule over parts of Balochistan. The Arghuns and Talpurs, though not being of Sindhi-origin, would also rule some parts of Balochistan from their capitals in Sindh.[14][15][16]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Baloch and Sindhis share historic ties". dailytimes.com.
  2. ^ Zakeri, Mohsen (1995). Sāsānid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of ʻAyyārān and Futuwwa. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03652-8. Pg. 123, 195, 196.
  3. ^ Wink, André (2002). Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries. Brill. ISBN 978-0-391-04173-8.
  4. ^ Biladuri, Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Jabir Al (2011-03-01). The Origins of the Islamic State: Being a Translation from the Arabic Accompanied With Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitab Futuh Al-buldan. Cosimo. ISBN 978-1-61640-534-2.
  5. ^ Spooner, Brian (1988). Baluchistan: Geogr Baluchistan: Geography, History, and Ethnography.
  6. ^ Brian, Spooner. ""BALUCHISTAN i. Geography, History and Ethnography"". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  7. ^ Brian J. Spooner; Jim G. Shaffer; Josef Elfenbein; Moḥammad-Taqī Masʿūdīya; Siawosch Azadi (23 March 2022). "Baluchistan". Brill Referenceworks. Brill. doi:10.1163/2330-4804_eiro_com_6516.
  8. ^ Delforooz, Behrooz Barjasteh (2008). A sociolinguistic survey among the Jagdal in Iranian Balochistan". In Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Titus, Paul Brian (eds.). The Baloch and others: linguistic, historical and socio-political perspectives on pluralism in Balochistan. Wiesbaden. Reichert Verlag. pp. 23–44. ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6.
  9. ^ "Oman's Diverse Society: Northern Oman" (PDF). JE Peterson.
  10. ^ 1998 District Census Report of Malir. Population Census Organisation, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan. 1999. p. 11. Among Sindhis the tribes are Syed, Jokhia, Khaskheli, Palari, Bareja, Bhabra, Dhars, Sirhindi, Jamot and Mohanas.
  11. ^ Khan, Sabir Badal (2013). Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore: Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore. Università di Napoli, "l'Orientale". p. 61.
  12. ^ Spooner, Brian (1975). "Nomadism in Baluchistan". In Leshnik, Lawrence S.; Sontheime, Günther-Dietz (eds.). Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia. Wiesbaden, Germany: O. Harrassowitz. pp. 171–182. ISBN 3-447-01552-7.
  13. ^ Shaikh, Dr Muhammad Ali (6 February 2022). "History: Sindh Before The Arabs Arrived". dawn.com. Dawn. Retrieved 10 March 2026.
  14. ^ Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. New York: Routledge. p. 178. ISBN 1-57958-468-3.
  15. ^ Bhutto, Ali (5 February 2017). "History: The Great Wall of Sindh". dawn.com. Dawn. Retrieved 10 March 2026.
  16. ^ Talpur, Mir Mohammad Ali (5 March 2009). "The reality of Talpur rule". dawn.com. Dawn. Retrieved 10 March 2026.
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