Siahkal

"Siahkal Mahalleh" redirects here. For the nearby village, see Siahkal Mahalleh.
For the administrative division of Gilan province, see Siahkal County. For the village in Talesh County, see Siah Kal.

Siahkal
Persian: سياهكل
City
Siahkal
Coordinates: 37°09′13″N 49°52′16″E / 37.15361°N 49.87111°E / 37.15361; 49.87111[1][2]
CountryIran
ProvinceGilan
CountySiahkal
DistrictCentral
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total
19,924
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Siahkal (Persian: سياهكل)[a] is a city in the Central District of Siahkal County, Gilan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5] As of 2016, the city had a population of 19,924.[3]

History

Siahkal was the scene of the 1971 Marxist Siahkal uprising.

The Jewish community

There used to be a sizeable Jewish community in Siahkal with synagogue(s) and neighborhoods. The written historical sources on this community are limited, and mostly lost to history limited, as the Gilan province was largely isolated, and mostly ignored in history, but they might have been present since antiquity given speaking the Judeo-Siahkali dialect, as opposed to other Jewish communities of Gilan and surrounding provinces.[6] The community married among themselves and had a long tradition that they were descendants of King David. Some were descendants of Jews of Dilaman, who were ordered by Nadir Shah Afshar in the year 1746 to relocate to Mashhad.[7][8]

The community faced one or several pogroms and mass conversions in recent history based on their collective memory. Possibly, around 1880, there was a pogrom in Siahkal in which many Jews were killed, many were subjected to forceful conversion to Islam, and others left the city to live in Rasht (Netzer, Siahkal). In the following years, Many of the remaining members of this isolated community converted to Baháʼí Faith, Islam, or joined the Marxist movement. Others gradually left the town, commenced by events of the pogrom of 1880, the Marxist insurrection of 1921, the Soviet Occupation, and then as well as the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, which prompted emigration of the remaining practicing Jews to either Israel, Rasht, Tehran, or the United States;.[9][10][11]

Demographics

Language and ethnicity

Siahkal's population is Gilak and the city's main language is Gilaki language.

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 15,274 in 4,343 households.[12] The following census in 2011 counted 18,176 people in 5,645 households.[13] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 19,924 people in 6,796 households.[3]

Tourist attractions

  • Lonak Waterfall
  • Baba Vali Waterfall
  • Larikhani Forest and Spring
  • Dorfak Mountain
  • Ti Ti Caravanserai
  • Garmavar Castle
  • Kutul Shah Castle
  • Siahkal-Deylaman Road and Forest
  • Pashuran Park and Pool
  • Rice Farms
  • Gilarkesh Rock Shelter
  • Azodi House
  • Mineral Water Springs
  • Siahkal's Weekly Market
  • Shrine of Qader the Prophet
  • Shrine of Baba Vali
  • Shrine of Saleh and Sultain Hussein
  • Imamzadeh Mustafa

Education

See also

Iran portal

Notes

  1. ^ Also romanized as Seyāh Kal, Sīāh Kal, Sīāhkal, and Sīyāh Kal; also known as Sīāhkal Maḩalleh; Gilaki: سي ٚ کل[4]

References

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (14 October 2024). "کاجان, دهستان مالفجان, بخش مرکزی [Kajan, Malfejan Rural District, Central District], Siahkal County, Gilan Province, 44311-37333, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  2. ^ "5V3C+CCX Siahkal, Gilan Province, Iran" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 November 2025.
  3. ^ a b c سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان گیلان [General Population and Housing Census 2016: Gilan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  4. ^ Siahkal can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3085619" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  5. ^ Habibi, Hassan (30 July 1997) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1376/05/08 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تغییرات تقسیمات کشوری در استانهای گیلان و مازندران [Changes in national divisions in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. هیات وزیران [Council of Ministers]. شناسه [ID] FD2EBD22-EE72-4199-94FC-E295D8074EF7. شماره دوره [Course number] 76, شماره جلد [Volume number] 252. Archived from the original on 25 June 2025. Retrieved 13 November 2025.
  6. ^ Korangy, Alireza; Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari, Behrooz (2019). Essays on Typology of Iranian Languages. De Gruyter. p. 169. ISBN 9783110604443.
  7. ^ Russo, Yocheved Miriam (22 August 2007). "The double lives of Mashhadi Jews". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  8. ^ Sarshar, Houman M. (2014). The Jews of Iran the history, religion, and culture of a community in the Islamic World. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 77, 79. ISBN 978-1-78831-926-3. OCLC 1176164479.
  9. ^ "Gilān".
  10. ^ A. Netzer, "Yehudim be-Gilān", : Yeẓirah ve-Toladot (1994), 215–32; idem, "Jews of Siyāhkal," in: Shofar (a monthly Jewish-Persian magazine), 274 (December 2003), 22ff.; 275 (January 2004), 22ff
  11. ^ L. Rabino, Les provinces caspiennes de la Perse (1917)
  12. ^ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان گیلان [General Population and Housing Census 2006: Gilan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  13. ^ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان گیلان [General Population and Housing Census 2011: Gilan Province]. Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University (in Persian). مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived from the original (Excel) on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.


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