Princess Hwapyeong
| Princess Hwapyeong 화평옹주 | |
|---|---|
| Princess of Joseon | |
| Born | 5 June 1727 |
| Died | 8 July 1748 (aged 21) |
| Spouse | Park Myeong-won, Prince Consort Geumseong (m.1738–1748) |
| Issue | Park Sang-cheol (adopted son) |
| Clan | Jeonju Yi clan (by birth) Bannam Park clan (by marriage) |
| Dynasty | Jeonju Yi |
| Father | Yeongjo of Joseon |
| Mother | Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Lee clan |
| Religion | Korean Buddhism |
| Princess Hwapyeong | |
| Hangul | 화평옹주 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 和平翁主 |
| RR | Hwapyeong ongju |
| MR | Hwap'yŏng ongju |
Princess Hwapyeong (Korean: 화평옹주; Hanja: 和平翁主; 5 June 1727 – 8 July 1748) was the eldest daughter of King Yeongjo of Joseon and Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Lee clan, and Yeongjo's third daughter overall.
Biography
Her personal name is unknown. She was born to Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Yi clan on April 27, 1727, in Jippok Hall Changgyeonggung.
In 1731, she received the title Hwapyeong, which means "peace".[1]
In 1738, the 14th year of King Yeongjo's reign, she married Park Myeong-won (1725–1790), fourth son of Park Sa-jeong (1683–1739), from the Bannam Park clan.[2] On February 20, 1742, she left the palace and moved to her in-law's residence.[3]
Princess Hwapyeong's wedding was extremely grand, and her dowry was allegedly ten thousand times more extravagant than that of her elder sister, Princess Hwasun's. As a wedding gift, the King bestowed upon her the Ihyeon Palace, but she declined the gift.
She left no surviving children of her own, but King Yeongjo made the third son of Park Myeong-won's eldest brother her adopted son.[4]
In her memoirs, Princess Hwapyeong's sister-in-law, Lady Hyegyŏng, described the Princess as being gentle and particularly kind towards her and Crown Prince Sado.
The Princess was uncomfortable and distressed by the fact that she alone was showered with paternal affection and that her younger brother, Crown Prince Sado, was not. Whenever King Yeongjo found fault in Sado, Princess Hwapyeong would side with her brother and pleaded ceaselessly with the King to be lenient. She was the main protector of Crown Prince Sado and is said to have eased the relationship between her father and the Prince in favor of her brother.
Princess Hwapyeong died during childbirth on June 24, 1748. Her father King Yeongjo hastily visited her residence and was informed that nothing could be done.[5] The King was devastated and inconsolable.[6] He suspended all court affairs to mourn for her and even moved his residence from Gyeonghuigung to Changdeokgung, in order to be near the location of the funerary observance.[7] He visited her residence frequently and broke down on five occasions before Princess Hwapyeong's burial.[8] King Yeongjo made great efforts in seizing the most auspicious location for the burial ground of his daughter. He forcefully acquired a piece of ancestral land owned by the Paju Yun family, who had been staying there for generations, and evacuated hundreds of civilians from nearby villages to make way for Princess Hwapyeong's tomb.[9]
Princess Hwapyeong was buried in Munsan Village, Paju, Gyeonggi Province. Her elaborated funeral proceedings were comparable to that of a State Funeral.[10]
Lady Hyegyŏng claimed that during her first pregnancy she often dreamt of Princess Hwapyeong coming to her bedchamber, sitting next to her and sometimes smiling at her. When her first son was born, he bore the same birthmark as Princess Hwapyeong, and King Yeongjo took him as the reincarnation of the Princess.[11]
Ancestry
| Ancestors of Crown Prince Sado | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Family
- Father
- King Yeongjo of Joseon (31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776)
- Mother
- Legal mother: Queen Jeongseong of the Daegu Seo clan (12 January 1693 – 3 April 1757)
- Biological mother: Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Lee clan (15 August 1696 – 23 August 1764)
- Sibling(s)
- Unnamed sister (8 March 1728 – 18 February 1731)
- Unnamed sister (12 December 1729 – 21 March 1731)
- Unnamed sister (1 January 1732 – 12 April 1736)
- Sister: Princess Hwahyeop (1733–1752)
- Brother: Crown Prince Sado (13 February 1735 – 12 July 1762)
- Sister: Princess Hwawan (9 March 1738 – May 1808)
- Husband: Park Myeong-won, Prince Consort Geumseong (1725–1770)
- Adoptive son: Park Sang-cheol (1737–1761)
Notes
References
- ^ 《承政院日记》英祖7年7月20日：傳曰, 翁主爲和平翁主。
- ^ 英祖47卷, 14年2月30日：以朴師正子明源尙和平翁主, 封錦城尉。
- ^ 《承政院日记》英祖18年2月1日：柳萬重, 以禮曹言啓曰, 傳曰, 和平翁主出閤吉日, 以今月內, 令禮曹擇入, 擧行等例, 依例擧行事, 命下矣。出閤吉日, 卽令日官推擇, 則今二月二十日巳時, 二十七日午時爲吉云。以何日定行乎? 敢稟。傳曰, 以二十日定行。
- ^ 英祖67卷, 24年6月24日：敎曰: "和平翁主繼後, 以進士朴興源第三子壽賢爲定之意, 分付禮曹。"
- ^ When Yeongjo arrived at the residence of the Princess, he was apprised that nothing else could be done to save his daughter. He alighted the chariot in tears.(《承政院日记》英祖24年6月24日：乾隆十三年戊辰六月二十四日巳時, 上幸和平翁主第時……大駕詣主第下輦時, 潛然下淚。諸承旨, 與兵判, 皆達曰, 病患雖重, 豈至深慮乎? 上曰, 已至於無可爲之境云矣。)
- ^ Lady Hyegyong described King Yeongjo as appearing to be ready to give up his own life. JaHyun Kim Haboush, ed., The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyŏng: The Autobiographical Writings of a Crown Princess of Eighteenth-Century Korea. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1996. ISBN 0-520-20055-1
- ^ 英祖68卷, 24年7月1日：內局入侍, 上曰: "米飮之屬不順下, 而每多沓沓時矣。 展謁太廟然後, 可得少安矣。"(The servants came to serve the meal. The King said "I have no appetite for food or drinks and I cannot put myself at ease. I feel slightly better only after visiting the ancestral temple.")
- ^ 英祖68卷, 24年(閏7月 29日：辛巳/上幸和平翁主第。時, 翁主葬日將至, 故欲爲一訣, 遂臨其第, 前後哭臨凡五也。(The King visited the residence of Princess Hwapyeong. The funeral ritual of the Princess was about to commence and the King wished to bid his daughter farewell. He broke down on five occasions during his visits.)
- ^ 英祖68卷, 24年閏7月3日：乙卯/命戶曹, 買坡州士人尹得聖家山。尹氏庄舍在於坡州馬山, 五世相傳。 時, 翁主卒逝, 上使宗臣識堪輿術者南原君 等相地, 以尹家庄後爲吉。 上命版曹, 出銀給民家, 百戶皆毁撤。 【史臣曰: 翁主有淑德而卒, 上以止慈之義, 爲之痛惜, 此則天理之(常)〔當〕然。 哀不可過, 過則非禮, 況人君乎? 自翁主卒逝之後, 過二旬始許賓對, 前後過中之敎, 記注不能盡記。 蓋群臣無見憚於上者, 致上有此失, 惜哉! 且死則葬不食之地, 使翁主賢乎, 宜循其志, 以成其美, 奪人家世守之地, 又毁數百民家, 夫以上爲民之德意, 猶有所掩而未之思歟?"】(The King ordered the Board of Taxation to acquire the mountain in Paju, which belonged to Yun Dokchong's family. The Yun family's residence is located at Mt Ma in Paju county. They had lived there for five generations. When the Princess passed away, the King sent royal family members with geomancy knowledge to select a plot of suitable land for burial and the mountain behind Yun's residence was identified as an auspicious site. The King ordered the Board of Taxation to compensate the farmers for giving up their land. Hundreds of families were displaced and their properties destroyed. [The historian comments: The deceased Princess was virtuous and the King was despaired over her death. This is the natural law of the universe. However, it is inappropriate for even commoners to mourn excessively, not to mention the ruler. Only two days after the demise of the Princess did the King start to receive his Ministers. Their discussions were too lengthy to be recorded here. It is a pity that the Ministers were afraid of the ruler and thus failed to offer him proper advice, resulting in this situation. Moreover, the deceased should be buried on infertile lands, which could have propagate the virtue of the Princess and preserve her good name, Seizing ancestral land and destroying farmer's homes tarnished the reputation of the King. How can the King ignore this and not reflect upon his actions?])
- ^ 英祖68卷, 24年8月2日：甲申/葬和平翁主, 儀物之盛, 亞於國葬。(Princess Hwapyeong was buried. Her funeral proceedings was so extravagant, only to be superseded by the State Funeral.)
- ^ JaHyun Kim Haboush, ed., The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyŏng: The Autobiographical Writings of a Crown Princess of Eighteenth-Century Korea. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1996. ISBN 0-520-20055-1