Nepali Communist Party

Not to be confused with Nepal Communist Party, a defunct party that led the government of Nepal between 2018 and 2021.
Nepali Communist Party
नेपाली कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी
Nepālī Kamyuniṣṭa Pārṭī
AbbreviationNCP
नेकपा
PresidiumSecretariat of the NCP
CoordinatorPushpa Kamal Dahal
Co-coordinatorMadhav Kumar Nepal
Founded5 November 2025 (2025-11-05)
Merger of
HeadquartersTinkune, Kathmandu
Ideology
Political positionLeft-wing
Colors  Red
Anthem"The Internationale"
ECN StatusNational Party (4th largest)
House of Representatives
17 / 275
National Assembly
18 / 59
Provincial Assemblies
107 / 550
Chief Ministers
1 / 7
Mayors/Chairs
146 / 753
Councillors
6,030 / 35,011
Election symbol
Website
cpnmc.org

The Nepali Communist Party (Nepali: नेपाली कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी, romanized: Nēpāli kamyuniṣṭa pārṭī , NCP/NeKaPa/नेकपा) is a major communist party in Nepal.[1][2] A unity conference was held on 5 November 2025, at Bhrikutimandap which declared the party's formation through a merger of ten leftist parties and groups. The merger includes the CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN (Unified Socialist), Jana Samajbadi Party, Nepal Samajbadi Party, the Biplav-split CPN, CPN Samajbadi, CPN (Maoist Samajbadi), CPN (Samyabadi), and the Deshbhakta Samajbadi Morcha led by Gopal Kiranti.[3] The unification was completed by the Party Unification Coordination Committee after a month of negotiation. The two major predecessor parties subsequently dissolved, making way for the new united party. The party adopted a star as their electoral symbol.[4]

Upon creation, the party is the largest political party in the National Assembly and largest communist party in the provincial assemblies of Bagmati, Karnali and Sudurpashchim Provinces.[5] Former prime minister of Nepal Pushpa Kamal Dahal serves as coordinator and Madhav Kumar Nepal serves as the joint coordinator of the party while former prime minister Jhala Nath Khanal remains on third rank.[6][7]

Background

The CPN (Maoist Centre) had formed a task force in 2023 to unify splinter communist groups and launched formal and informal talks with the Nepal Socialist Party and Communist Party Nepal to bring back the splinter groups into the party.[8][9][10][11]

The CPN (Unified Socialist) which was formed after a split with CPN (UML) merged with the CPN (Unity National Campaign), another splinter group from the CPN (UML), in July 2025.[12] The party also held talks with the CPN (Maoist Centre) but the merger between the two parties failed to materialize.[13]

The Socialist Front was a political alliance formed by CPN (Maoist Centre), People's Socialist Party, Nepal, CPN (Unified Socialist), Communist Party Nepal in 2023 with the goal of strengthening the socialist movement in the country.[14] The front remained largely inactive until CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal resigned as prime minister in July 2024. The People's Socialist Party, Nepal left the front while a faction of Nepal Socialist Party led-by Mahindra Ray Yadav joined the front.[15]

Following the 2025 Gen Z protests, the CPN (Maoist Centre) intensified calls for a broader leftist unity within the country and dissolved its Central Committee to hold a general convention.[16][17][18] In November 2025, the Central Committee of the CPN (Unified Socialist) formally endorsed the unification proposal with a majority and the Secretariat of the CPN (Maoist Centre) also decided to advance with the unification.[19][20] Following the decision the two parties along with the Nepal Socialist Party, CPN (Socialist), Jana Samajbadi Party, CPN (Maoist–Socialist), CPN (Samyabadi) and a faction of the Communist Party Nepal signed an agreement to unify their parties.[21]

The unification was formally concluded on 5 November 2025, with the unified party being called the Nepali Communist Party with Pushpa Kamal Dahal acting as the coordinator of the party and Madhav Kumar Nepal as the co-cordinator.[22][23]

In the leader up to the general elections, Matribhumi Jagaran Abhiyan Nepal led by former CPN (UML) politician Bhim Rawal, Nagrik Unmukti Party, factions of People's Socialist Party and Rastriya Mukti Party Nepal, and other smaller leftist groups merged with the party.[24][25][26][27]

Ideology

The party’s guiding ideology is Marxism–Leninism, while its program is based on scientific socialism with Nepali characteristics.[4]

Election Manifesto 2082

The Nepali Communist Party (NCP) has become the first major party to release its election manifesto. The letter, released by its coordinator Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’, puts forward the main slogans ‘Good governance and employment are the preparations for socialism, and the protection of nationality and democracy is our responsibility’.

For their strategic objective, the party aimed for scientific socialism, which they define as a system ensuring food, housing, clothing, education, health, and employment for all, with collective ownership of production.

For its political positioning they presented themselves as the only “Revolutionary Force” with a clear socialist direction, contrasting with “Status-Quo” forces (NC, UML), “Populist” forces, and “Regressive” forces (RPP).

The NCP also affirmed its commitment to federalism and the fight against corruption.[28]

Electoral performance

Federal parliament

Election Leader Constituency Votes Proportional Votes Seats Position Resulting government
No. % No. % No.
2026 Pushpa Kamal Dahal 976,016 9.27 811,577 7.49
17 / 275
 4th

Presence in various provinces

Province Seats Size
Koshi
17 / 93
 Third largest
Madhesh
16 / 107
 Fourth largest
Bagmati
28 / 110
 Second largest
Gandaki
10 / 60
 Third largest
Lumbini
14 / 87
 Third largest
Karnali
14 / 40
 Second largest
Sudurpashchim
22 / 53
 Largest

Leadership

Source:[29]

Coordinator

Joint-coordinator

See also

References

  1. ^ "CPN (Maoist Centre) and allies merge to form Nepali Communist Party". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
  2. ^ "Nine leftist factions merge to form Nepali Communist Party, Jhalanath Khanal joins". Nepal News. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  3. ^ "Nine leftist factions merge to form Nepali Communist Party, Jhalanath Khanal joins". Nepal News. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  4. ^ a b "Nepali Communist Party adopts nine-point agreement". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  5. ^ "Prachanda named Co-ordinator, Madhav Nepal Co-coordinator of Nepali Communist Party". Nepal News. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  6. ^ "Jhala Nath Khanal to be third-ranked leader of unified party". Setopati. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  7. ^ "Who is leading Nepal's left? Prachanda, Madhav Nepal unite communist parties amid splits". The Statesman. 2025-11-05. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  8. ^ "Maoist Center forms 5-member task force for broader left unity". Nepal Khabar. 2020-06-10. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  9. ^ "Out of power, Maoist leader Dahal seeks broader unity to build strength". Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  10. ^ "Maoist Center, Nepal Socialist Party to speed up unification process". Nepal Khabar. 2020-06-10. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  11. ^ "Prabhakar and Biplav discuss advancing Communist movement". Ratopati. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  12. ^ "CPN (Unified Socialist) and Bamdev Gautam's campaign merge". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  13. ^ "Madhav Nepal rules out possibility of party merger". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  14. ^ "Leftist forces' socialist front is being formed. What for?". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  15. ^ "Socialist Front Left Rudderless?". GorakhaPatra. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  16. ^ "Maoist chief Dahal proposes major shake-up in party after Gen Z uprising". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  17. ^ "Maoist-led leftist unity gains momentum amid doubts". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  18. ^ "Prachanda warns of counter-revolution, calls for leftist unity". Nepal News. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  19. ^ "Unity of communist parties in the offing after Gen Z uprising". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  20. ^ "Maoist Center pushes ahead with Nov 6 merger meet amid Janardan Sharma's objections". myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com. 2024-08-08. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  21. ^ "8 parties including Maoist Center and Unified Socialist sign 18-point agreement on unification". Setopati. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  22. ^ "Janardan Sharma leaves Maoist Center, announces Pragatisheel Abhiyan Nepal". Setopati. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  23. ^ "Nine parties, including Maoist Centre, merge to form "Nepali Communist Party"". Nepal News. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  24. ^ "Nepali Communist Party and Matrubhumi Jagaran Abhiyan sign seven-point unification agreement". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2025-11-20.
  25. ^ "Leftist polarization for nation building: Coordinator Prachanda". GorakhaPatra. Retrieved 2025-11-28.
  26. ^ "Rastriya Mukti Party Nepal's merger with NCP". Nepal News. Retrieved 2026-01-23.
  27. ^ "Nepali Communist Party and Nagarik Unmukti Party sign unification agreement". Setopati. Retrieved 2026-01-23.
  28. ^ "Nepali Communist Party (NCP) Election Manifesto". February 19, 2026.
  29. ^ "Prachanda selected coordinator, Madhav Nepal co-coordinator of newly unified Nepali Communist Party". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
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