Long ciliary nerves
| Long ciliary nerves | |
|---|---|
Nerves of the orbit, and the ciliary ganglion. Side view. | |
| Details | |
| From | Nasociliary nerve |
| Innervates | Cornea, iris, and ciliary body |
| Fiber type | "Somatosensory" (via V1 Lacrimal), and "Sympathetic" (via V2 Zygomatic) |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | nervi ciliares longi |
| TA98 | A14.2.01.027 |
| TA2 | 6206 |
| FMA | 52691 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
The long ciliary nerves are two-three sensory nerves that arise from the nasociliary nerve (itself a branch of the ophthalmic branch (CN V1) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)).[1] They pass forward within the orbit, passing toward the eyeball alongside the optic nerve (CN II).[2] They enter the eyeball to provide sensory innervation to the cornea, iris, and ciliary body.[3] They also provide sympathetic visceral motor innervation to the dilator pupillae muscle, which is responsible for dilation of the pupil.[4] The long ciliary nerves are clinically relevant in conditions affecting corneal sensitivity, pupillary responses, and surgical procedures involving the eye.[5]
Anatomy
Origin
The long ciliary nerves branch from the nasociliary nerve as it crosses the optic nerve (CN II).[1]
Course
Accompanied by the short ciliary nerves, the long ciliary nerves pierce and enter[1] the posterior part of the sclera near where it is entered by the optic nerve, then run anterior-ward between the sclera and the choroid.[1]
Function
The long ciliary nerves are distributed to the ciliary body, iris, and cornea.[1]
Sensory
The long ciliary nerves provide sensory innervation to the eyeball, including the cornea.[6]
Sympathetic
The long ciliary nerves contain post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion for the dilator pupillae muscle.[1] The sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle mainly travel in the nasociliary nerve but there are also sympathetic fibers in the short ciliary nerves that pass through the ciliary ganglion without forming synapses.
See also
Additional images
-
Pathways in the ciliary ganglion.
References
- ^ a b c d e f Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42nd ed.). New York. p. 783. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Ansari, Mohammad Wakeel; Nadeem, Ahmed (2016). "Atlas of Ocular Anatomy". Ocular Anatomy. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42781-2.
- ^ Levin, Leonard A.; Kaufman, Paul L.; Hartnett, Mary Elizabeth (2024). Adler's physiology of the eye (12th ed.). Chantilly: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-83407-0.
- ^ Wu, Feipeng; Zhao, Yin; Zhang, Hong (2022-01-14). "Ocular Autonomic Nervous System: An Update from Anatomy to Physiological Functions". Vision. 6 (1): 6. doi:10.3390/vision6010006. ISSN 2411-5150. PMC 8788436. PMID 35076641.
- ^ Lum, Edward; Corbett, Melanie C.; Murphy, Paul J. (July 2019). "Corneal Sensitivity After Ocular Surgery". Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice. 45 (4): 226–237. doi:10.1097/ICL.0000000000000543. ISSN 1542-2321.
- ^ Yang, Alina Y.; Chow, Jessica; Liu, Ji (March 2018). "Corneal Innervation and Sensation: The Eye and Beyond". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 91 (1): 13–21. ISSN 1551-4056. PMC 5872636. PMID 29599653.
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 888 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
External links