List of wars involving Mali

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Mali.

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Tuareg Rebellion of 1962–1964 (1962–1964)	Mali	Tuareg Tribal and Clan Groups	Victory Rebellion suppressed
Agacher Strip War (1985)	Mali	Burkina Faso	Victory Division of Agacher
Tuareg Rebellion of 1990–1995 (1990–1995)	Mali Niger Ganda Koy	Arab Islamic Front of Azawad (FIAA) Popular Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MPLA) United Movements and Fronts of Azawad (MFUA) Front for the Liberation of Aïr and Azaouak (FLAA) Front for the Liberation of Tamoust (FLT) CRA & ORA coalitions (1994–1995)	Stalemate 1995 peace accords
Tuareg Rebellion of 2007–2009 (2007–2009)	Mali Niger	ADC ATMNC (2008 split) Niger Movement for Justice Front of Forces for Rectification (2008 split) Niger Patriotic Front (2009 split)	Stalemate Peace deals brokered by Mali in August 2008 and February 2009 Ceasefire and amnesty declared in Niger in May 2009 Integration of some rebels into the military
War in the Sahel (2011–present)	Alliance of Sahel States Mali Niger Burkina Faso Benin Togo^[a] Ivory Coast^[b] Algeria^[c] Mauritania^[d] Supported by: Africa Corps (since 2021)^[5]^[e] Turkey (since 2022)^[7] France (2013-2023)^[8] United States (until 2024)^[9] MINUSMA (2013-2023)^[f] AFISMA (2012-2013) G5 Sahel (until 2023)	Al-Qaeda Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin^[10]^[11] Ansarul Islam^[12] Boko Haram^[13] Islamic State Islamic State - Sahel Province Lakurawa (2023-present)^[14] Islamic State - West Africa Province Azawad Liberation Front^[15] Nigerien anti-coup movement: Patriotic Front for Justice^[16] Free Armed Forces^[17] Former belligerents: CSP-PSD (2023-2024) Coordination of Azawad Movements ^[18] (2014-2021, 2023-2024) MNLA (2012-2024) HCUA (2013-2024) MAA (2012-2024) GATIA (al-Mahmoud faction) (2023–2024)^[19]^[g] Patriotic Liberation Front (2023-2024)^[20]	Ongoing Mali War: Tuareg rebels and allied Islamists overrun Northern Mali in 2012 until pushed back by a French intervention Islamist insurgency in Burkina Faso: Mali War spills over into Burkina Faso by 2015 as Islamists capture about 40% of Burkinabé territory Islamist insurgency in Niger Boko Haram insurgency arises and extends in Chad, Niger, and Cameroon French and American intervention on behalf of governments Al-Qaeda–Islamic State conflict and the JNIM-ISGS war Jihadist insurgency in Northern Benin Rise of the coup belt
Tuareg Rebellion of 2012 (2012)	Mali FLNA Ganda Iso	Azawad MNLA Ansar Dine MOJWA	Defeat Malian President Amadou Toumani Touré is outed by a coup d'état MNLA and Ansar Dine take control of all Northern Mali territory Independent state of Azawad declared by the MNLA and initially supported by Ansar Dine Conflict between the MNLA and Ansar Dine (the latter receiving support from AQIM and MOJWA).
Mali War (2012–present)	Mali France Turkey Chad Nigeria	Azawad Ansar Dine AQIM	Ongoing Ceasefire with the MNLA

References

^ "The jihadist threat in northern Ghana and Togo" (PDF). Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "Keeping Jihadists out of Northern Cote d'Ivoire". Crisis Group. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "The fading of Algeria's star in the Sahel region". Le Monde. 14 January 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "How has Mauritania managed to stave off terror attacks?". ISS. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "Russia in Africa: Private Military Proxies in the Sahel". Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. 7 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "How the Wagner Group is Aggravating the Jihadi Threat in the Sahel". CTC West Point. December 2022. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "Turkey's Return to Africa". FPRI. 10 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "How France Failed Mali: The End of Operation Barkhane". Harvard International Review. 23 January 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "The U.S. is in retreat in a crucial part of the world". Washington Post. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "Local Drivers of Violent Extremism in Central Mali" (PDF). UNDP. 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "The Shifting Front of Militant Islamist Violence in the Sahel". ACSS. 7 April 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "Ansarul Islam". ECFR. 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "'No room for dialogue': How abuses by Niger's foreign-funded army derail its anti-jihadist fight". The New Humanitarian. November 30, 2021.
^ "Everything We Know About Lakurawa, the New Terrorist Group in Nigeria". 9 November 2024.
^ "Can Azawad Liberation Front push Mali and Russian 'invaders' out?". The Africa Report. 5 February 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "Insecurity in Niger in the wake of the junta's rise to power". IPIS. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "Former Niger minister launches movement to overthrow junta". The Africa Report. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
^ "Mali's Azawad movements unite in a bid to pressure the ruling junta". Africanews. 9 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
^ "Tuaregs from Northern Mali call for the 'fall of the junta'". RFI. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
^ "Niger rebels fighting for ousted president's release hand over weapons". VOA. 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

Notes

^ JNIM has had a small presence in northern Togo since 2021, with several attacks carried out since then.^[1]
^ Jihadist groups have little to no presence on Ivorian soil, but have occasionally launched attacks along the Burkinabe-Ivorian border since 2019. AQIM attacked Grand-Bassam in 2016 as well.^[2]
^ No jihadist groups are active on Algerian soil, although the country has been attacked several times in the early days of the Mali War by jihadist groups. Currently, diplomatic relations between the AES states and Algeria are bad due to Algeria allowing FLA rebels on their soil.^[3]
^ The Mauritanian government currently has a non-aggression pact with JNIM-aligned jihadists, and has not had an attack by jihadist groups on its soil since 2011. Small JNIM cells are present along the Malian border.^[4]
^ Previously Wagner Group, since renamed Africa Corps and absorbed by Russian government.^[6]
^ For full list of MINUSMA combatants, see here
^ Faction affiliated with the CSP-PSD

[Togo-1] "The jihadist threat in northern Ghana and Togo" (PDF). Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[CI-3] "Keeping Jihadists out of Northern Cote d'Ivoire". Crisis Group. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[Aljazair-5] "The fading of Algeria's star in the Sahel region". Le Monde. 14 January 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[Mauritania-7] "How has Mauritania managed to stave off terror attacks?". ISS. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[Wagner-9] "Russia in Africa: Private Military Proxies in the Sahel". Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. 7 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[Wagner2-10] "How the Wagner Group is Aggravating the Jihadi Threat in the Sahel". CTC West Point. December 2022. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[Turkey-12] "Turkey's Return to Africa". FPRI. 10 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[France-13] "How France Failed Mali: The End of Operation Barkhane". Harvard International Review. 23 January 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[USA1-14] "The U.S. is in retreat in a crucial part of the world". Washington Post. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[Katiba_Macina-16] "Local Drivers of Violent Extremism in Central Mali" (PDF). UNDP. 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[Hanifa-17] "The Shifting Front of Militant Islamist Violence in the Sahel". ACSS. 7 April 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[Ansarul-18] "Ansarul Islam". ECFR. 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[19] "'No room for dialogue': How abuses by Niger's foreign-funded army derail its anti-jihadist fight". The New Humanitarian. November 30, 2021.

[20] "Everything We Know About Lakurawa, the New Terrorist Group in Nigeria". 9 November 2024.

[FLA-21] "Can Azawad Liberation Front push Mali and Russian 'invaders' out?". The Africa Report. 5 February 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[FPJ-22] "Insecurity in Niger in the wake of the junta's rise to power". IPIS. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[FAF-23] "Former Niger minister launches movement to overthrow junta". The Africa Report. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[CMA-24] "Mali's Azawad movements unite in a bid to pressure the ruling junta". Africanews. 9 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-13.

[25] "Tuaregs from Northern Mali call for the 'fall of the junta'". RFI. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.

[FLP-27] "Niger rebels fighting for ousted president's release hand over weapons". VOA. 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

[2] JNIM has had a small presence in northern Togo since 2021, with several attacks carried out since then.^[1]

[4] Jihadist groups have little to no presence on Ivorian soil, but have occasionally launched attacks along the Burkinabe-Ivorian border since 2019. AQIM attacked Grand-Bassam in 2016 as well.^[2]

[6] No jihadist groups are active on Algerian soil, although the country has been attacked several times in the early days of the Mali War by jihadist groups. Currently, diplomatic relations between the AES states and Algeria are bad due to Algeria allowing FLA rebels on their soil.^[3]

[8] The Mauritanian government currently has a non-aggression pact with JNIM-aligned jihadists, and has not had an attack by jihadist groups on its soil since 2011. Small JNIM cells are present along the Malian border.^[4]

[11] Previously Wagner Group, since renamed Africa Corps and absorbed by Russian government.^[6]

[15] For full list of MINUSMA combatants, see here

[26] Faction affiliated with the CSP-PSD

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Lists of wars involving African countries
Sovereign states	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
States with limited recognition	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland
Dependencies and other territories	Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)

See also

References

Notes