List of wars involving Algeria
This is a list of wars involving the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria and its predecessor states.
- Algerian defeat
- Algerian victory
- Another result (e.g: Treaty, status quo ante bellum, indecisive/stalemate/withdrawal etc... or indecisive)
Regency of Algiers (1515-1830)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Algeria and its Allies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algiers Expedition (1516) Location:Algiers |
Barbarossa Kingdom of Kuku |
Spanish Empire | Algerian victory
|
| Algiers Expedition (1519) Location:Algiers |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Spanish Empire | Algerian victory
|
| Fall of Tlemcen (1519) Location:Tlemcen, Algeria |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Spanish Empire | Spanish victory |
| Capture of Peñón of Algiers (1529) Part of the Algero-Spanish Wars, and the establishment of the Regency of Algiers Location:Algiers |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Spanish Empire | Beylerbeylikal victory
|
| Campaign of Cherchell (1531) Location:Cherchell |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Empire of Charles V: | Algerian victory |
| Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540) Part of the Ottoman–Venetian wars Part of the Algero-Spanish Wars Location: Mediterranean Sea |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers |
Holy League: Republic of Venice Spanish Empire |
Ottoman victory
|
| Algiers expedition (1541) Part of the Ottoman–Habsburg wars Part of the Algero-Spanish Wars Location: Algiers |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Holy Roman Empire
|
Algerine victory
|
| Italian War of 1542–1546 Part of the Anglo-French Wars & Italian Wars Part of the Algero-Spanish War Location: Western Europe |
Kingdom of France Ottoman Empire |
Holy Roman Empire | Inconclusive |
| Expedition to Mostaganem (1543) Location:Mostaganem |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Spanish Empire | Algerian victory
|
| Expedition to Mostaganem (1547) Location:Mostaganem |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Spanish Empire | Algerian victory
|
| Campaign of Tlemcen (1551) Part of the Algero-Spanish Wars Location: Tlemcen |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers Kingdom of Ait Abbas |
Spanish Empire Saadi sultanate |
Algerian victory
|
| Campaign of Tlemcen (1552) Location: Tlemcen |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Saadi sultanate | Algerian victory The Moulouya river imposed as the border[3] |
| Capture of Fez (1554) Location: Fez, Morocco |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers Kingdom of Kuku |
Saadi sultanate | Algerian victory |
| Campaign of Tlemcen (1557) Location: Tlemcen |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Saadi sultanate | Algerian victory |
| Expedition to Mostaganem (1558) Location:Mostaganem |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Spanish Empire | Algerian victory |
| Campaign of Tlemcen (1560) Location: Tlemcen |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Saadi sultanate | Algerian victory[4][5] |
| Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–1571) Part of the Algero-Spanish War Location: Spain |
Muslims of Granada Beylerbeylik of Algiers |
Spanish Empire | Spanish victory
|
| Franco-Algerian war (1609–1628) | Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Kingdom of France |
Algerian victory |
| Tunisian–Algerian War (1628) Part of the Tunisian–Algerian Wars Location: Algeria, Tunisia |
Pashalik of Algiers | Beylik of Tunis | Algerian victory
|
| Cretan War (1645–1669) Part of:Ottoman–Venetian wars Location: Candia, Crete, Dalmatia and Aegean Sea |
Ottoman Empire | Ottoman victory | |
| Djidjelli expedition (1664) Location: Jijel |
Pashalik of Algiers Kingdom of Ait Abbas Kingdom of Kuku |
Kingdom of France Knights Hospitaller |
Algerian victory
|
Deylikal period (1671-1830)
French Algeria (1830–1962)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Algeria and its Allies |
|---|---|---|---|
| French conquest of Algeria (1830–1903) Part of the Algeria-European War Location: Algeria |
Regency of Algiers
Emirate of Mascara |
Kingdom of France (1830–1848) French Second Republic (1848–1852) Second French Empire (1852–1870) French Third Republic (1870 onward) Support: |
French victory |
| Algerian War (1954–1962) Part of the Cold War and the decolonisation of Africa Location: French Algeria |
|
Algerian victory
|
French Third Republic (1830–1940)
Vichy France (1940–1944)
| Conflict | France & allies | France's opposition | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Franco-Thai War (1940–1941) Location: French Indochina |
Vichy France | Thailand | Inconclusive
|
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (1962-present)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Algeria and its Allies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sand War (1963–1964) Part of the Arab Cold War and the Cold War Location: Algeria |
Algeria Support: Egypt[26] Cuba[27] |
Morocco Support: France[28] |
Military stalemate
|
| Yom Kippur War
(1973) |
Israeli military victory
| ||
| Western Sahara War (1975–1976) Location: Western Sahara |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Algeria |
Morocco Mauritania |
Inconclusive
|
| Algerian Civil War (1992–2002) Location: Algeria |
Government of Algeria Minor involvement: Egypt[40][41] Tunisia[40][41] France[41][42] European Union[42] South Africa[43] |
Islamic Salvation Front loyalists Minor involvement: Morocco [41][44][45] Libya (until 1995)[41] Saudi Arabia (pre-war)[42] Iran (alleged)[42] Saudi private donors[42] Armed Islamic Group (from 1993) Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (from 1998) |
Algerian government victory |
| Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) (2002–present) Part of the war on terror and the War against the Islamic State Location: Maghreb, Sahara desert |
Al-Qaeda and allies:
GSPC (until 2007) Islamic State (from 2014) |
Ongoing
| |
| War in the Sahel (2011-present) Part of the war on terror, spillover of the Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) and the War against the Islamic State Location: Sahel (mainly Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger), with spillovers in Benin, Togo, Mauritania, Algeria and Ivory Coast |
Benin Supported by: |
Nigerien anti-coup movement:
|
Ongoing
|
See also
Notes
- ^ 1821
- ^ a b c From 1826
- ^ First nation to recognize the independence of Greece.
- ^ Battle of Daugavpils
- ^ After 1920
- ^ a b Volunteers
- ^ JNIM has had a small presence in northern Togo since 2021, with several attacks carried out since then.[66]
- ^ Jihadist groups have little to no presence on Ivorian soil, but have occasionally launched attacks along the Burkinabe-Ivorian border since 2019. AQIM attacked Grand-Bassam in 2016 as well.[67]
- ^ No jihadist groups are active on Algerian soil, although the country has been attacked several times in the early days of the Mali War by jihadist groups. Currently, diplomatic relations between the AES states and Algeria are bad due to Algeria allowing FLA rebels on their soil.[68]
- ^ The Mauritanian government currently has a non-aggression pact with JNIM-aligned jihadists, and has not had an attack by jihadist groups on its soil since 2011. Small JNIM cells are present along the Malian border.[69]
- ^ Previously Wagner Group, since renamed Africa Corps and absorbed by Russian government.[71]
- ^ For full list of MINUSMA combatants, see here
- ^ Faction affiliated with the CSP-PSD
References
- ^ Bogumil Hrabak (September 1986). "Turske provale i osvajanja na području današnje severne Dalmacije do sredine XVI. stoleća". Journal – Institute of Croatian History (in Serbian). 19 (1). University of Zagreb, Faculty of Philosophy, Zagreb. ISSN 0353-295X. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ Raukar, Tomislav (November 1977). "Venecija i ekonomski razvoj Dalmacije u XV i XVI stoljeću". Journal – Institute of Croatian History (in Croatian). 10 (1). Zagreb, Croatia: Faculty of Philosophy, Zagreb: 218–221. ISSN 0353-295X. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane: La course, mythes et réalités Lemnouar Merouche Bouchene,
- ^ The Last Crusaders: East, West and the Battle for the Centre of the World. Barnaby Rogerson. Hachette UK.
- ^ History of Islam: Classical period, 1206-1900 C.E. Masudul Hasan. Adam Publishers & Distributors.
- ^ "Estats et royaumes de Fez et Maroc, Dahra et Segelmesse tirés de Sanuto, de Marmol etc. / Par N. Sanson". 1655.
- ^ Galibert, Léon (1844). L'Algérie: ancienne et moderne depuis les premiers éstablissements des Carthaginois jusqu'à la prise de la Smalah d'Abd-el-Kader (in French). Furne.
- ^ Present-day Morocco - Osmund Hornby WarneAllen & Unwin, 1937 - Morocco - Pg 237
- ^ Bulletin économique et social du Maroc, Volume 21, Issues 73-76 Société d'études économiques, sociales, et statistiques, 1957 - Morocco - Pg 74
- ^ Plantet, Eugène (1893). "Correspondance des Beys de Tunis et des consuls de France avec la Cour: 1577-1830".
- ^ "Les Deys 2". exode1962.fr. Retrieved 2021-05-10
- ^ Alec G. Hargreaves (2005). Memory, Empire, and Postcolonialism: Legacies of French Colonialism. Lexington Books. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7391-0821-5.
The death knell of the French empire was sounded by the bitterly fought Algerian war of independence, which ended in 1962.
- ^ "The French defeat in the war effectively signaled the end of the French Empire". Jo McCormack (2010). Collective Memory: France and the Algerian War (1954–1962).
- ^ Paul Allatson; Jo McCormack (2008). Exile Cultures, Misplaced Identities. Rodopi. p. 117. ISBN 978-90-420-2406-9.
The Algerian War came to an end in 1962, and with it closed some 130 years of French colonial presence in Algeria (and North Africa). With this outcome, the French Empire, celebrated in pomp in Paris in the Exposition coloniale of 1931 ... received its decisive death blow.
- ^ Yves Beigbeder (2006). Judging War Crimes And Torture: French Justice And International Criminal Tribunals And Commissions (1940–2005). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 35. ISBN 978-90-04-15329-5.
The independence of Algeria in 1962, after a long and bitter war, marked the end of the French Empire.
- ^ France's Colonial Legacies: Memory, Identity and Narrative. University of Wales Press. 15 October 2013. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-78316-585-8.
The difficult relationship which France has with the period of history dominated by the Algerian war has been well documented. The reluctance, which ended only in 1999, to acknowledge 'les évenements' as a war, the shame over the fate of the harki detachments, the amnesty covering many of the deeds committed during the war and the humiliation of a colonial defeat which marked the end of the French empire are just some of the reasons why France has preferred to look towards a Eurocentric future, rather than confront the painful aspects of its colonial past.
- ^ [12][13][14][15][16]
- ^ "The activities of the officer the Kuban Cossack army N. S. Leontjev in the Italian-Ethiopic war in 1895–1896".
- ^ Richard, Pankhurst. "Ethiopia's Historic Quest for Medicine, 6". The Pankhurst History Library. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03.
- ^ Patman 2009, pp. 27–30.
- ^ "Soviet Appeasement, Collective Security, and the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935 and 1936". libcom.org.
- ^ Thomas Wilson, Edward (1974). Russia and Black Africa Before World War II. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–58.
- ^ Haggai, Erlich (1997). Ras Alula and the scramble for Africa – a political biography: Ethiopia and Eritrea 1875–1897. African World Press.
- ^ a b "Occupation during and after the War (Ottoman Empire) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)". encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net.
- ^ Rettig, pp. 316–317.
- ^ Ottaway 1970, p. 166.
- ^ Brian Latell (24 April 2012). Castro's Secrets: Cuban Intelligence, The CIA, and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy. St. Martin's Press. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-137-00001-9.
In this instance, unlike several others, the Cubans did no fighting; Algeria concluded an armistice with the Moroccan king.
- ^ Nicole Grimaud (1 January 1984). La politique extérieure de l'Algérie (1962-1978). KARTHALA Editions. p. 198. ISBN 978-2-86537-111-2.
L'armée française était en 1963 présente en Algérie et au Maroc. Le gouvernement français, officiellement neutre, comme le rappelle le Conseil des ministres du 25 octobre 1963, n'a pas pu empêcher que la coopération très étroite entre l'armée française et l'armée marocaine n'ait eu quelques répercussions sur le terrain. == The French Army was in 1963 present in Algeria and Morocco. The French government, officially neutral, as recalled by the Council of Ministers on October 25, 1963, could not prevent the very close cooperation between the French army and the Moroccan army from having some repercussions on the ground.
- ^ O'Ballance (1978), pp. 201.
- ^ Shazly (2003), p. 278.
- ^ Rabinovich (2004), pp. 464–465.
- ^ Mahjoub Tobji (2006). Les officiers de Sa Majesté: Les dérives des généraux marocains 1956–2006 (in French). Fayard. p. 107. ISBN 978-2-213-63015-1.
- ^ Shazly (2003), pp. 83–84.
- ^ Cenciotti, David. "Israeli F-4s Actually Fought North Korean MiGs During the Yom Kippur War". Business Insider.
- ^ Rabinovich (2004), p. 467.
- ^ Morris (2001), p. 437.
- ^ Anouar Boukhars; Jacques Roussellier (18 December 2013). Perspectives on Western Sahara: Myths, Nationalisms, and Geopolitics. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-4422-2686-9.
- ^ Véronique Dudouet (15 September 2014). Civil Resistance and Conflict Transformation: Transitions from armed to nonviolent struggle. Routledge. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-317-69778-7.
- ^ Ho-Won Jeong (4 December 2009). Conflict Management and Resolution: An Introduction. Routledge. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-135-26511-3.
- ^ a b Rex Brynen; Bahgat Korany; Paul Noble (1995). Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World. Vol. 1. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-55587-579-4.
- ^ a b c d e Sidaoui, Riadh (2009). "Islamic Politics and the Military: Algeria 1962–2008". In Lane, Jan-Erik; Redissi, Hamadi; Ṣaydāwī, Riyāḍ (eds.). Religion and Politics: Islam and Muslim Civilization. Ashgate. pp. 241–243. ISBN 978-0-7546-7418-4.
- ^ a b c d e Karl DeRouen Jr.; Uk Heo (2007). Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II. ABC-CLIO. pp. 115–117. ISBN 978-1-85109-919-1.
- ^ Arms trade in practice, Hrw.org, October 2000
- ^ Yahia H. Zoubir; Haizam Amirah-Fernández (2008). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation. Routledge. p. 184. ISBN 978-1-134-08740-2.
- ^ "Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the National Community abroad". UN Algeria. 16 July 2021. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
- ^ a b c Mannes, Aaron (2004). Profiles in Terror: The Guide to Middle East Terrorist Organizations. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-7425-3525-1.
- ^ a b Cordesman, Anthony H. (2002). A Tragedy of Arms: Military and Security Developments in the Maghreb. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-275-96936-3.
- ^ a b Brosché, Johan; Höglund, Kristine (2015). "The diversity of peace and war in Africa". Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford University Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-19-873781-0.
- ^ Tabarani, Gabriel G. (2011). Jihad's New Heartlands: Why The West Has Failed To Contain Islamic Fundamentalism. AuthorHouse. p. 329. ISBN 978-1-4678-9180-6.
- ^ a b "Tipping point of terror". The Guardian. 4 April 2004.
- ^ a b "Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ Salomé Legrand (2013-01-14). "Qui sont les islamistes à qui la France a déclaré la guerre?". Francetvinfo.fr. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
- ^ a b Maclean, Ruth; O'Reilly, Finbarr (March 29, 2020). "Crisis in the Sahel Becoming France's Forever War". The New York Times.
- ^ a b c "US Starts Anti-Al-Qaeda Military Exercise in Sahara". BBC. 3 May 2010.
- ^ AFRICOM kicks off Operation Flintlock to counter jihadism in Africa Archived 2016-08-17 at the Wayback Machine. 12 February 2016.
- ^ "Britain Signals Maghreb Push with Anti-Terror Help". Reuters Africa. 18 October 2011. Archived from the original on December 5, 2014.
- ^ "War on Isis: British Special Forces ambushed by Islamic State suicide bombers in Libya". International Business Times. 1 May 2016.
- ^ Forces, Swedish Armed. "Swedish Special Forces to Mali". Försvarsmakten. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
- ^ "Flintlock 11 Kicks off February 21 in Senegal". AFRICOM. 3 February 2011. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012.
- ^ "The Danish effort in the Sahel region (MINUSMA and Operation Barkhane)". fmn.dk. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
- ^ "300 British troops deploy to Mali on UN Peacekeeping Mission". More than 200 Portuguese troops deployed on UN peacekeeping mission to Central African Republic. Algarve Daily News, 2019
- ^ "Mali receives helicopters and weapons from Russia". Al Jazeera. October 1, 2021.
- ^ "Turkey extends troops deployment in Mali, CAR". Yeni Safak. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ "Turkey extends its military presence in Africa". Atalayar. 22 October 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ "Exporting Jihad". The New Yorker. 28 March 2016.
- ^ "The jihadist threat in northern Ghana and Togo" (PDF). Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "Keeping Jihadists out of Northern Cote d'Ivoire". Crisis Group. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "The fading of Algeria's star in the Sahel region". Le Monde. 14 January 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "How has Mauritania managed to stave off terror attacks?". ISS. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "Russia in Africa: Private Military Proxies in the Sahel". Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. 7 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "How the Wagner Group is Aggravating the Jihadi Threat in the Sahel". CTC West Point. December 2022. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "Turkey's Return to Africa". FPRI. 10 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "How France Failed Mali: The End of Operation Barkhane". Harvard International Review. 23 January 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "The U.S. is in retreat in a crucial part of the world". Washington Post. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "Local Drivers of Violent Extremism in Central Mali" (PDF). UNDP. 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "The Shifting Front of Militant Islamist Violence in the Sahel". ACSS. 7 April 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "Ansarul Islam". ECFR. 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "'No room for dialogue': How abuses by Niger's foreign-funded army derail its anti-jihadist fight". The New Humanitarian. November 30, 2021.
- ^ "Everything We Know About Lakurawa, the New Terrorist Group in Nigeria". 9 November 2024.
- ^ "Can Azawad Liberation Front push Mali and Russian 'invaders' out?". The Africa Report. 5 February 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "Insecurity in Niger in the wake of the junta's rise to power". IPIS. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "Former Niger minister launches movement to overthrow junta". The Africa Report. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
- ^ "Mali's Azawad movements unite in a bid to pressure the ruling junta". Africanews. 9 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
- ^ "Tuaregs from Northern Mali call for the 'fall of the junta'". RFI. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ "Niger rebels fighting for ousted president's release hand over weapons". VOA. 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
Cited works
- Morris, Benny (2001). Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-42120-7.
- O'Ballance, Edgar (1978). No Victor, No Vanquished: The Yom Kippur War. Presidio Press. ISBN 978-0-89141-017-1.
- Ottaway, David (1970), Algeria: The Politics of a Socialist Revolution, Berkeley, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-01655-2
- Rabinovich, Abraham (2004). The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East. New York: Schocken Books. ISBN 978-0-8052-4176-1.
- Shazly, Lieutenant General Saad el (2003). The Crossing of the Suez, Revised Edition (revised ed.). American Mideast Research. ISBN 978-0-9604562-2-2.