This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[2]
and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 132 by The All-Species Living Tree Project.[3]
Phylogeny
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy was initially used to decorate the genome tree via tax2tree. The 16S rRNA-based Greengenes taxonomy is used to supplement the taxonomy particularly in regions of the tree with no cultured representatives. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is used as the primary taxonomic authority for establishing naming priorities. Taxonomic ranks are normalised using phylorank and the taxonomy manually curated to remove polyphyletic groups.[4][5][6][7][8]
Cladogram was taken from GTDB release 10-RS226 (16th April 2025).[9][10][11]
| Bacteria
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Chloroflexota (incl. "Dormibacterota")
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| Thermotogati
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| "Synergistetes"
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| "Thermocalda"
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| Pseudomonadati
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"Muiribacteriota" (incl. "Riflebacteria", "Wallbacteria")
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"Goldiibacteriota"
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"Firestoneibacteriota"
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OLB16 ("Hinthialibacterota")
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"Sumerlaeota"
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| "FCB group"
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"Tangaroaeota" (RBG-13-66-14, Coatesbacteria)
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"Fermentibacterota"
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"Orphanbacterota"
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"Arandabacterota"
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"Joyebacterota"
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"Eiseniibacteriota"
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"Krumholzibacteriota"
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WOR-3 ("Hydrothermota")
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"Cloacimonadota"
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Fibrobacterota
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"Marinisomatota"
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Chlorobiota (incl. Balneolota, Ignavibacteriota. "Kapaibacteriota", "Kryptoniota", Rhodothermota)
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"Electryoneota" (AABM5-125-24)
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| "Proteobacteria
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Acidobacteriota
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"Deferrimicrobiota" (Desulfobacterota_E)
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"Deferrisomatota" (Desulfobacterota_C)
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"Lernaellota" (FEN-1099)
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Bdellovibrionota
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| "Aquificida"
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Syntrophorhabdia {Desulfobacterota_G}
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"Acidulodesulfobacteriota" (sic) (SZUA-79}
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"Dadaibacteriota" (Desulfobacterota_D)
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Calescibacterota ("Calescamantes")
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"Lambdaproteobacteria" {SAR324}
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"Oligoflexaeota"
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| Phylogeny of Chloroflexota[9][10][11]
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| "Dormibacteria"
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"Aeolococcales"
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"Dormibacterales"
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| "Limnocylindria"
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"Limnocylindrales"
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| Ktedonobacteria
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Ktedonobacterales
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| "Dehalococcoidotia"
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| Dehalococcoidia
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| "Caldilineotia"
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| "Caldilineidae"
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"Ca. Amarolinea" (SSC4)
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Caldilineales
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| "Anaerolineidae"
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"Roseilineaceae" {J036}
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Thermoflexales
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"Promineofilales"
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Aggregatilineales
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Anaerolineales
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| "Caldilineia"
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- Class "Bathosphaeria" Mehrshad et al. 2018
- ?"Bathosphaerales" Mehrshad et al. 2018 [JG30-KF-CM66]
- Class "Martimicrobia" Williams et al. 2024
- ?"Martimicrobiales" Williams et al. 2024
- Class "Poriflexia" Kogawa et al. 2022
- ?"Ca. Poriflexus" Kogawa et al. 2022
- Class "Spiritibacteria" Williams et al. 2024
- ?"Spiritibacterales" Williams et al. 2024
- Class "Tarhunnaeia" Williams et al. 2024
- ?"Tarhunnaeales" Williams et al. 2024
- Class "Uliximicrobia" Williams et al. 2024
- ?"Uliximicrobiales" Williams et al. 2024
- Class "Umbricyclopia" Mehrshad et al. 2018
- ?"Umbricyclopales" Mehrshad et al. 2018 (TK10)
- Class "Dormiibacteria" (sic) Montgomery et al. 2021 (AD3)
- "Aeolococcales" Montgomery et al. 2021
- "Dormibacterales" (sic) Montgomery et al. 2021
- Class "Limnocylindria" Mehrshad et al. 2018
- "Limnocylindrales" Mehrshad et al. 2018 (SL56)
- Class Ktedobacteria corrig. Cavaletti et al. 2007
- Ktedobacterales corrig. Cavaletti et al. 2007 (Thermogemmatisporales)
- Class Chloroflexia Gupta et al. 2013
- Class Dehalococcoidia Löffler et al. 2013
- "Australimonadales" Prabhu et al. 2024 [UBA2963]
- Dehalococcoidales Löffler et al. 2013
- "Lucifugimonadales" Lim et al. 2023 [UBA1151]
- "Monstramariales" Landry et al. 2017 [UBA11650; UBA3495]
- Tepidiformales Kochetkova et al. 2020
- Class "Caldilineia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020
- Aggregatilineales Nakahara et al. 2019 ("Phototrophicales")
- "Amarolineaceae" Andersen et al. 2019 {SSC4}
- Anaerolineales Yamada et al. 2006
- Ardenticatenales Kawaichi et al. 2013
- Caldilineales Yamada et al. 2006
- "Epilineales" Petriglieri et al. 2023
- "Roseilineaceae" Ward et al. 2021 {J036}
- "Promineifilales" corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2023
- Thermoflexales Dodsworth et al. 2014
| Phylogeny of Actinomycetota[9][10][11]
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| "Geothermincolia"
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"Geohydrothermomicrobiales"
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"Geothermincolales"
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| "Humimicrobiia"
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"Hakubellales"
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"Humimicrobiales"
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| CALKMS01
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"Geothermocultorales"
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| "Aquicultoria"
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"Aquicultorales"
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"Oleimmundimicrobiales"
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"Subteraquimicrobiales"
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- Class ?"Syntrophaliphaticia" corrig. Liu et al. 2020
- Class "Geothermincolia" Jiao et al. 2021
- "Geohydrothermomicrobiales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [Fen-727]
- "Geothermincolales" Jiao et al. 2021
- Class "Humimicrobiia" Jiao et al. 2021
- "Hakubellales" corrig. Merino et al. 2020
- "Humimicrobiales" Jiao et al. 2021
- Class CALKMS01
- "Geothermocultorales" Jiao et al. 2021
- Class "Aquicultoria" Jiao et al. 2021
- "Aquicultorales" Jiao et al. 2021
- "Oleimmundimicrobiales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA3085]
- "Subteraquimicrobiales" Jiao et al. 2021
- Class Coriobacteriia König 2013
- Class Rubrobacteria Suzuki 2013
- Class Thermoleophilia Suzuki & Whitman 2013
- Class Acidimicrobiia Norris 2013
- Acidimicrobiales Stackebrandt, Rainey & Ward-Rainey 1997 ("Benthobacterales", Iamiales)
- "Actinomarinales" Ghai et al. 2013
- "Spongiisociales" corrig. Nguyen 2022
- Class Nitriliruptoria Ludwig et al. 2013
- Class Actinomycetia Salam et al. 2020
Phylum "Sysuimicrobiota"
- Class "Sysuimicrobiia" Liu et al. 2024 [CSP1-3]
- "Sysuimicrobiales" Liu et al. 2024
| Phylogeny of Armatimonadota[9][10][11]
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| "Zipacnadia"
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"Zipacnadales"
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| "Heboniibacteriia"
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"Heboniibacterales"
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- Class "Zipacnadia" Carlton et al. 2023 (UBA5377)
- "Zipacnadales" Carlton et al. 2023
- Class Abditibacteriia Tahon et al. 2018 (FBP)
- Class Fervidibacteria Nou et al. 2025
- Fervidibacterales Nou et al. 2025
- Class "Heboniibacteriia" corrig. Carlton et al. 2023 (CAIYQO01)
- "Heboniibacterales" corrig. Carlton et al. 2023
- Class UBA5829
- "Candidatus Hippobium" Gilroy et al. 2022 {UBA5829: UBA5829}
- Class Fimbriimonadia Im et al. 2012
- Class Chthonomonadia Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016
- Class Armatimonadia Tamaki et al. 2011 (OP10)
| Phylogeny of Vulcanimicrobiota[9][10][11]
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| "Xenobia"
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"Xenobiales"
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| Vulcanimicrobiia
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"Eremiobacterales"
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Vulcanimicrobiales
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- Class "Eudoremicrobiia" (sic) Paoli et al. 2022
- ?"Eudoremicrobiales" (sic) Paoli et al. 2022
- Class "Xenobia" Ji et al. 2021 (UBP9)
- "Xenobiales" Ji et al. 2021
- Class Vulcanimicrobiia Yabe et al. 2024 (WPS2)
- "Eremiobacterales" Ward, Cardona & Holland-Moritz 2019
- Vulcanimicrobiales Yabe et al. 2024 ("Baltobacterales"; "Palusbacterales"; "Rubrimentiphilales")
Firmicutes incertae sedis
- Class Desulfitisporia Sorokin & Merkel 2023
- Desulfitisporales Sorokin & Merkel 2023
- Class Thermolithobacteria Sokolova et al. 2007
- Thermolithobacterales Sokolova et al. 2007
Clade Bacillota G
| Phylogeny of Bacillota G[9][10][11]
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| Limnochordia
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Limnochordales
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| "Hydrogenisporia"
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"Capillibacteriales"
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"Hydrogenisporales"
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- Class Limnochordia Watanabe, Kojima & Fukui 2015
- Limnochordales Watanabe, Kojima & Fukui 2015
- Class "Hydrogenisporia" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
- "Capillibacteriales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA10575]
- "Hydrogenisporales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA8346]
Clade Bacillota E
| Phylogeny of Bacillota E[9][10][11]
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| UBA3575
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"Ca. Acetocimmeria"
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| Thermaerobacteria
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Thermaerobacterales
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| Symbiobacteriia
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Symbiobacteriales
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| "Fermentithermobacillia"
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"Fermentithermobacillales"
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| Sulfobacillia
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Sulfobacillales
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- Class UBA3575
- "Candidatus Acetocimmeria" Smith et al. 2021 {UBA3575: UBA3575}
- Class Thermaerobacteria Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Thermaerobacterales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Symbiobacteriia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Symbiobacteriales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class "Fermentithermobacillia" Kadnikov et al. 2023
- "Fermentithermobacillales" Kadnikov et al. 2023
- Class Sulfobacillia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Sulfobacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
Clade "Selenobacteria"
- Class Selenomonadia Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016
- Acidaminococcales Campbell, Adeolu & Gupta 2015
- Anaeromusales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Anaerosinus Strompl et al. 1999 {ICN-92133: ICN-92133}
- "Azotosporobacter" Xie et al. 2024 {SG130: SG130}
- "Dendrosporobacterales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
- "Massilibacillaceae" {FLKF01}
- Pelorhabdus Grässle et al. 2022 {UMGS1260: UMGS1260}
- "Pelosinaceae" {DSM-13327}
- Propionisporales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Selenomonadales Marchandin et al. 2010
- "Sporomusales" Cavalier-Smith 2006
- Veillonellales Campbell, Adeolu & Gupta 2015
| Phylogeny of Desulfotomaculota[9][10][11]
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| Peptococcia
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"Thermanaerosceptrales"
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Peptococcales
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| DSM‑12270
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Thermacetogeniales
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| Syntrophomonadia
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Syntrophomonadales
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| DSM‑16504
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Desulfitibacterales
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| KKC1
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Calderihabitantales
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| JADQBR01
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JADQBR01
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| DULZ01
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DULZ01
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| "Moorellia"
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Neomoorellales
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| "Dehalobacteriia"
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"Avidehalobacterales"
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"Cryptoclostridiales"
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"Dehalobacteriales"
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| Desulfitobacteriia
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"Heliobacteriales"
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Desulfitobacteriales
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| "Carboxydocellia"
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Carboxydocellales
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| Thermincolia
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Thermincolales
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| "Carboxydothermia"
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Carboxydothermales
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| Desulfotomaculia
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Ammonificales
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Desulfotomaculales
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- Class Peptococcia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Peptococcales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Thermanaerosceptrales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DRI-13]
- Class "Thermacetogeniia" corrig. Voyron et al. 2022
- Thermacetogeniales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Syntrophomonadia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Syntrophomonadales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class DSM-16504
- Desulfitibacterales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class KKC1
- Calderihabitantales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class JADQBR01
- "Metallumcola" Hsu et al. 2024 {JADQBR01: JADQBR01}
- Class DULZ01
- Zhaonellaceae Lv et al. 2020 {DULZ01}
- Class "Moorellia" Sorokin et al. 2020
- Neomoorellales Gtari & Ventura 2025
- Class "Dehalobacteriia"
- "Avidehalobacterales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA4068]
- "Cryptoclostridiales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA7702]
- "Dehalobacteriales"
- Class Desulfitobacteriia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Desulfitobacteriales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Heliobacteriales" Kinman 1994 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020
- Class "Carboxydocellia" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
- "Carboxydocellales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Thermincolia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Thermincolales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class "Carboxydothermia" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
- Carboxydothermales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Desulfotomaculia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Ammonificales corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Desulfotomaculales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class "Halanaerobiia" Cavalier-Smith 2020
- "Anoxybacterales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 {DY22613}
- Halanaerobiales corrig. Rainey & Zhilina 1995
- Halobacteroidales Chuvochina et al. 2024
Clade "Clostridiota"
| Phylogeny of Bacillota A[9][10][11]
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| "Thermoanaerobacteria"
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| "Clostridiia"
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Mahellales
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Caldicoprobacterales
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Clostridiales
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Christensenellales
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"Merdicolales"
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"Saccharofermentanales"
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"Egerieisomatales"
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Acetivibrionales A
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Acetivibrionales
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"Petroclostridiales"
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Monoglobales
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UMGS1810
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"Avimonoglobales"
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"Oscillospirales"
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Lachnospirales
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- Class Thermosediminibacteria Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class "Thermoanaerobacteria" Sorokin et al. 2020
- Class "Clostridiia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016
- Acetivibrionales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Avimonoglobales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA1381]
- Caldicoprobacterales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Christensenellales Parks et al. 2018 ex Chuvochina et al. 2024 ("Borkfalkiales"; "Comantemales")
- Clostridiales Prevot 1953 s.s. ("Plectridiales")
- ?"Darwinibacteriales" Puchol-Royo et al. 2023 [MBA03]
- "Egerieisomatales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA1212]
- Eubacteriales Buchanan 1917
- Lachnospirales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Lutisporales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Mahellales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Merdicolales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [TANB77]
- Monoglobales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Oscillospirales" Glendinning et al. 2020
- "Petroclostridiales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [SK-Y3]
- Peptostreptococcales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Qingrenia" Liu et al. 2021b {UMGS1810: UMGS1810}
- "Saccharofermentanales" corrig. Parks et al. 2018
- "Thermoclostridiaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 {"Acetivibrionales" A}
- Tissierellales Alauzet et al. 2020
Clade Bacillota D
| Phylogeny of Bacillota D[9][10][11]
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|
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| "Proteinivoracia"
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"Proteinivoracales"
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- Class "Proteinivoracia"
- Class Dethiobacteria Sorokin & Merkel 2025
- "Candidatus Contubernalis" corrig. Zhilina et al. 2005 {SKNC01: SKNC01}
- Dethiobacterales Sorokin & Merkel 2025
- Class Natranaerobiia Chuvochina et al. 2024
| Phylogeny of Bacillota s.s.[9][10][11]
|
| "Bacillia"
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Tumebacillales
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Kyrpidiales
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Alicyclobacillales
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Desulfuribacillales
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Tepidibacillales
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Paenibacillales
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Thermoactinomycetales
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Bacillales F
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Calditerricolales
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Thermicanales
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DSM-22679
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Aneurinibacillales
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Brevibacillales
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"Rubeoparvulales"
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Caldalkalibacillales
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Exiguobacteriales
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"Harrysmithimonadales"
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| "Bacillidae"
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Bacillales E
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Bacillales K
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Bacillales G
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Bacillales H
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- Class "Bacillia" Cavalier-Smith 2020
- Alicyclobacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Aneurinibacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Aureibacillaceae Li et al. 2024 {DSM-28697}
- "Bacillidae" Cavalier-Smith 2020 non Enderlein 1917
- Bacillales_C
- Bacillales_D
- Bacillales_E
- Bacillales_G
- Bacillales_H
- Bacillus marinisedimentorum Guo et al. 2018 {Bacillales_I:Bacillaceae_O}
- Bacillales Prevot 1953 s.s.
- "Caldibacillales" [Bacillales_B]
- Sporolactobacillaceae Ludwig et al. 2010 {Bacillales_K}
- "Bacillus thermozeamaize" Mak 2003 {Bacillales_F: Bacillaceae_M}
- Brevibacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Caldalkalibacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Calditerricolales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Desulfuribacillales Sorokin et al. 2021
- "Erysipelotrichidae" corrig. Cavalier-Smith 2020
- Acholeplasmatales Freundt et al. 1984 (Anaeroplasmatales)
- "Aphodocolales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
- "Bathyoplasmales" corrig. Zhu, Lian & He 2020 [MAG-NZ]
- "Caccosomales" (sic) Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [RFN20]
- Culicoidibacterales Neupane et al. 2020
- Erysipelotrichales Ludwig et al. 2010
- Haloplasmatales Rainey et al. 2008 non Zhou et al. 2022
- "Izemoplasmatales" corrig. Zheng et al. 2021
- ?"Liberiplasmatales" Khomyakova et al. 2025
- Mycoplasmatales Freundt 1955 ("Borrelomycetales"; "Anulomycetales"; "Paramycetales"; "Mollicutales"; "Pleuropneumoniales"; Entomoplasmatales; Mycoplasmoidales)
- Turicibacteraceae Verbarg et al. 2020 {MOL361}
- Exiguobacteriales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Harrysmithimonadales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [CAJFEE01]
- Kyrpidiales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Lactobacillales Ludwig, Schleifer & Whitman 2010 ("Plocamobacteriales"; "Coccales")
- Microaerobacter Khelifi et al. 2011 {DSM-22679: DSM-22679}
- Paenibacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Planococcaceae Peshkoff 1939 {Caryophanales Peshkoff 1939 [Bacillales_A]}
- "Rubeoparvulales"
- Staphylococcales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Tepidibacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Thermicanales Chuvochina et al. 2024 ["Brockiales"]
- Thermoactinomycetales Chuvochina et al. 2024 ["Pasteuriales"]
- Tumebacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
Clade Cyanoprokaryota
Phylum "Margulisiibacteriota"
| Phylogeny of Margulisiibacteriota[9][10][11]
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"Saganbacteria"
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"Marinamargulisbacteria"
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"Riflemargulisbacteria"
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"Termititenacia"
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- Class "Saganbacteria" Carnevali et al. 2018 (WOR1)
- Class "Marinamargulisbacteria" Carnevali et al. 2019
- Class "Riflemargulisbacteria" Carnevali et al. 2019 (GWF2_35_9)
- Class "Termititenacia" Utami et al. 2019
- "Termititenacales" Utami et al. 2019
- Class "Sericytochromatia" Soo et al. 2017
- S15B-MN24 ["Sericytochromatia"; "Tanganyikabacteria"]
- UBA7694 ["Blackallbacteria"]
- Class Vampirovibrionia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Caenarcaniphilales" Soo et al. 2014
- "Gastranaerophilales" Di Rienzi et al. 2013
- "Obscuribacterales" Soo et al. 2014
- Vampirovibrionales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Gloeobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002
- Class Phycobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002
- Acaryochloridales Miyashita et al. 2003 ex Strunecký & Mareš 2022 ("Thermosynechococcales")
- ?Aegeococcales Strunecký & Mareš 2022
- Trichothermofontia Daroch et al. 2023 {B231}
- Cyanobacteriales Rippka & Cohen-Bazire 1983 (Chamaesiphonales, Chroococcales, Chroococcidiopsidales, Coleofasciculales, Desertifilales, Nostocales, Oscillatoriales, Pleurocapsales, Spirulinales, Stigonematales)
- ?"Eurycoccales"
- ?Geitlerinematales Strunecký & Mareš 2022
- Gloeoemargaritales Moreira et al. 2016
- Leptolyngbyales Strunecký & Mareš 2022
- ?"Limnotrichales" Trebuch et al. 2020
- Neosynechococcales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Nodosilineales Strunecký & Mareš 2022 (Phormidesmidales)
- Oculatellales Strunecký & Mareš 2022 (Elainellales)
- Prochlorococcaceae Komárek & Strunecky 2020 {"PCC-6307"}
- Prochlorotrichales Strunecký & Mareš 2022 [PCC-9006]
- Pseudanabenales Hoffmann, Komárek & Kastovsky 2005
- ?"Pseudophormidiales"
- Romeriopsis Hentschke et al. 2022 {JAAFJU01: JAAFJU01}
- Synechococcales Hoffmann, Komárek & Kastovsky 2005
- Thermostichales Komárek & Strunecký 2020
- Trichocoleaceae Mai & Johansen 2018 non Nakai {FACHB-46}
- Class Atribacteria Katayama et al. 2021 (OP9)
- Atribacterales Katayama et al. 2021 ("Caldatribacteriales")
- Class "Phoenicimicrobiia" Jiao et al. 2024 (JS1)
- "Phoenicimicrobiales" Jiao et al. 2024 (SB-45)
Phylum "Zhurongbacterota"
Phylum Thermodesulfobiota
- Class "Thermodesulfobiia" Frolov et al. 2023
- "Thermodesulfobiales" Cavalier-Smith 2023
Phylum "Lithacetigenota"
- Class HKB111
- "Candidatus Lithacetigena" Nobu et al. 2022 {HKB111: HKB111}
- Class "Thermotogia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020
- Mesoaciditogales Itoh et al. 2016
- Petrotogales Bhandari & Gupta 2014 (Kosmotogales)
- Thermotogales Reysenbach 2002 emend. Bhandari & Gupta 2014
Phylum "Bipolaricaulota"
| Phylogeny of Bipolaricaulota[9][10][11]
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| "Bipolaricaulia"
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"Bipolaricaulales"
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"Fraserbacterales"
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- Class "Bipolaricaulia" Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Bipolaricaulales" Chuvochina et al. 2023 (KB1 group, OP1)
- "Fraserbacterales" [GTDB tag: RIF31; RBG-16-55-9]
- Class Fusobacteriia corrig. Staley & Whitman 2012
- Fusobacterales Staley & Whitman 2012 ("Bactepneumoniales")
Phylum "Elulimicrobiota"
- Class "Elulimicrobiia" Rodriguez-R et al. 2020
- ?"Elulimicrobiales" Rodriguez-R et al. 2020
| Phylogeny of Minisyncoccota[9][10][11]
|
|
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"Wirthbacteria" (CG2-30-54-11)
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| "Microgenomates"
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"Dojkabacteria"
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"Katanobacteria"
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| "Microgenomatia"
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| |
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"Woykebacterales"
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"Curtissbacterales"
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"Daviesbacterales"
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"Levybacterales"
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"Gottesmanbacterales" (UBA10105)
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"Roizmanbacterales" (UBA1406)
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"Chazhemtobacteriales"
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"Shapirobacterales" (UBA12405)
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GWA2-44-7
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| |
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| cluster
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| "Gracilibacteria"
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| "Absconditabacteria"
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BD1-5
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"Absconditabacterales"
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| "Gracilibacteria"
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| |
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"Fallacibacteriales" (DOLZORAL124_38_8; UBA4473)
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"Abawacabacterales" (RBG-16-42-10)
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"Peregrinibacterales" (UBA1369)
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"Peribacterales"
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| |
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|
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| cluster
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| "Saccharibacteria"
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"Berkelbacteria"
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"Kazanbacteria" (Kazan)
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"Howlettbacteria"
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"Saccharimonadia"
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| cluster
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| "Parcubacteria"
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"Andersenbacteria"
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"Doudnabacteria"
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"Torokbacteria" (GCA-2792135)
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| "Patescibacteriia"
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| |
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"Kerfeldbacterales" (SBBC01)
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"Jacksonbacterales" (UBA9629)
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"Veblenbacterales"
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"Komeilibacterales" (UBA1558)
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"Kuenenbacterales" (UBA2196)
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"Magasanikbacterales"
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"Uhrbacterales" (GWA2-46-9)
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"Buchananbacterales"
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"Moisslbacterales" (UBA2591)
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"Patescibacteriales"
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"Falkowbacterales"
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| "Minisyncoccia"
|
| |
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"Moranbacterales"
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"Phycocordibacterales" (UBA9973)
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"Portnoybacterales"
|
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"Parcunitrobacterales" (GWA2-38-13b)
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"Azambacterales" (UBA10092)
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"Yanofskybacterales" (2-02-FULL-40-12)
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"Spechtbacterales"
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"Terrybacterales"
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"Sungbacterales"
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"Giovannonibacteraceae" {UBA11713}
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"Ryanbacterales"
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"Niyogibacteraceae" {HO2-45-28}
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"Tagabacteraceae" {JAHISW01}
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| cluster
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- Class "Wirthbacteria"
- Class "Dojkabacteria" (WS6)
- Class "Katanobacteria" (WWE3)
- Class "Microgenomatia"
- Clade GWA2-44-7
- "Chazhemtobacteriales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA1400]
- "Curtissbacterales"
- "Daviesbacterales"
- "Gottesmanbacterales"
- "Levybacterales"
- "Roizmanbacterales"
- "Shapirobacterales"
- "Woykebacterales" (RIF34)
- Class "Absconditabacteria"
- "Absconditabacterales" (sic)Yakimov et al. 2022 (SR1)
- "Candidatus Altimarinus" Rinke et al. 2013 {BD1-5: UBA6164} (GN02)
- Class "Gracilibacteria"
- "Abawacabacterales" (RIF46)
- "Fertabacterales" (DOLZORAL124_38_8; "Fallacibacteriota")
- "Peregrinibacterales" (PER)
- "Peribacterales" Anantharaman et al. 2016
- Class "Berkelbacteria" (ACD58)
- Class "Kazanbacteria" (Kazan)
- Class "Howlettbacteria" (CPR2)
- Class "Saccharimonadia" corrig. Lemos et al. 2019 (TM7)
- "Saccharimonadales" corrig. Lemos et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023
- Class ?"Baikalibacteria" Haro-Moreno et al. 2023
- Class "Andersenbacteria" (RIF9)
- Class "Doudnabacteria" (SM2F11)
- Class "Torokbacteria" (GCA-2792135)
- Class "Patescibacteriia" Dutkiewicz et al. 2025
- ?"Brownbacterales"
- "Buchananbacterales" (sic) (RIF37)
- "Falkowbacterales" (sic)
- "Jacksonbacterales" (sic) (RIF38)
- "Kerfeldbacterales" (sic) (RIF4)
- "Komeilibacterales" (sic) (RIF6)
- "Kuenenbacterales" (sic)
- "Magasanikbacterales"
- "Moisslbacterales" [UBA2591]
- "Patescibacteriales" Dutkiewicz et al. 2025
- "Uhrbacterales"
- "Veblenbacterales" (RIF39)
- Class Minisyncoccia Nakajima et al. 2025
- Clade UBA6257
- "Azambacterales" (sic)
- "Giovannonibacteraceae" (sic) {UBA11713}
- ?"Montesolbacterales"
- "Moranbacterales" (OD1-i)
- "Niyogibacteraceae" (RIF11; HO2-45-28)
- Minisyncoccales Nakajima et al. 2025 ["Paceibacterales" Chuvochina et al. 2023]
- "Parcunitrobacterales" Castelle et al. 2017
- "Portnoybacterales" (RIF22)
- "Ryanbacterales" (RIF10)
- "Spechtbacterales" (RIF19)
- "Sungbacterales" (RIF17)
- "Tagabacterales" (RIF12)
- "Terrybacteraceae" {JAHISW01} (RIF13)
- "Yanofskybacterales" (sic) (2-02-FULL-40-12)
Clade
Incertae sedis
Phylum "Muiribacteriota"
| Phylogeny of "Muiribacteriota"[9][10][11]
|
|
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"Wallbacteriia"
|
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| "Muiribacteriia"
|
"Muiribacteriales"
|
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| "Ozemibacteria"
|
"Ozemibacterales"
|
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- Class "Muiribacteriia" corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Muiribacteriales" corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2023
- Class "Ozemibacteria" corrig. Kadnikov et al. 2018 (RIF32/ACD39)
- "Ozemibacterales" corrig. Kadnikov et al. 2018
- Class "Wallbacteriia" [UBA9980] (RIF33)
Phylum "Lindowiibacteriota"
Phylum "Macinerneyibacteriota"
- Class "Macinerneyibacteriia" corrig. Yadav et al. 2020
- "Macinerneyibacteriales" corrig. Yadav et al. 2020
Phylum "Babelota"
- Class "Babeliae" (sic) Yeoh et al. 2016 (TM6)
- "Babelales" corrig. Yeoh et al. 2016
| Phylogeny of Spirochaetota[9][10][11]
|
|
|
| "Leptospirae"
|
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| Leptospiria
|
| "Euspirochaetae"
|
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| "Exilispiria"
|
"Exilispirales"
|
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| Spirochaetia
|
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|
Borreliales
|
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|
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SP-2023
|
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"Entomospirales"
|
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Spirochaetales_E
|
|
|
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DSM-17781
|
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"Winmispirales"
|
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"Salinispirales"
|
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|
|
"Sediminispirochaetales"
|
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UBA9216
|
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"Marispirochaetales"
|
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Sphaerochaetales
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Treponematales
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- Class Leptospiria Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Leptospirales corrig. Gupta et al. 2014
- Turneriellales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Brevinematia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Brachyspiria Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class "Exilispiria" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
- "Exilispirales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
- Class Spirochaetia Paster 2020
- ?Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917
- Borreliales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Spirochaeta cellobiosiphila Breznak & Warnecke 2008 {DSM-17781: DSM-17781}
- "Entomospirales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [WRBN01]
- "Candidatus Haliotispira" Sharma et al. 2024 {SP-2023: SP-2023}
- "Marispirochaetales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [JC444]
- "Salinispirales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DSM-27196]
- "Sediminispirochaetales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DSM-16054]
- Sphaerochaetales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Spirochaetales_E
- "Candidatus Thalassospirochaeta" Pragya et al. 2024 {UBA9216: UBA9216}
- Treponematales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Winmispirales" Podosokorskaya et al. 2025
Phylum "Goldiibacteriota"
- "Candidatus Cellulosimonas" Doud et al. 2020
Phylum "Firestoneibacteriota"
Phylum "Ryujiniota"
- Class "Ryujiniia" Sun et al. 2025
- "Ryujiniales" Sun et al. 2025 [UBA6262]
| Phylogeny of Elusimicrobiota[9][10][11]
|
|
|
| "Elusimicrobiia"
|
|
|
"Obscuribacteriales"
|
|
|
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|
Elusimicrobiales
|
|
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|
| "Endomicrobiia"
|
"Endomicrobiales"
|
|
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|
|
- Class "Elusimicrobiia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020 (TG1)
- Elusimicrobiales Geissinger et al. 2010
- "Obscuribacteriales" Uzun et al. 2023
- Class "Endomicrobiia" Stingl et al. 2018
- "Endomicrobiales" Zheng et al. 2018
Phylum "Desantisiibacteriota"
- Class "Aerophobia" Chuvochina et al. 2023 (CD12)
- "Aerophobales" Chuvochina et al. 2023
Phylum "Ratteibacteriota"
| Phylogeny of Omnitrophota[9][10][11]
|
|
|
| "Omnitrophia"
|
"Omnitrophales"
|
|
|
| "Velamenicoccia"
|
|
|
"Aquiviventales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Gorgyraeales"
|
|
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|
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"Pluralincolimonadales"
|
|
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"Taenaricolales"
|
|
|
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|
"Aquitaenarimonadales"
|
|
|
|
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"Tantalellales"
|
|
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|
|
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"Kappaeales"
|
|
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"Velesiimonadales"
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
"Kaelpiales"
|
|
|
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|
|
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"Duberdicusellales"
|
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"Zapsychrales"
|
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|
|
"Ghiorseimicrobiales"
|
|
|
|
|
"Velamenicoccales"
|
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"Gygaeellales"
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|
- Class "Omnitrophia" (OP3)
- Class "Velamenicoccia" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [Koll11]
- "Aquitaenarimonadales" Seymour et al. 2022
- "Aquiviventales" Seymour et al. 2022
- "Duberdicusellales" Seymour et al. 2022
- "Ghiorseimicrobiales" Seymour et al. 2022
- "Gorgyraeales" Seymour et al. 2023 [UBA10183]
- "Gygaeellales" Seymour et al. 2023 [GIF10]
- "Kaelpiales" Seymour et al. 2022 [4484-49]
- "Kappaeales" Seymour et al. 2022
- ?"Candidatus Orphnella" Williams et al. 2021 {JABMRG01: JABMRG01}
- "Pluralincolimonadales" Seymour et al. 2022
- "Taenaricolales" Seymour et al. 2022
- "Tantalellales" Seymour et al. 2022 [SKK-01]
- "Velamenicoccales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA1572]
- "Velesiimonadales" Seymour et al. 2022
- "Zapsychrales" Seymour et al. 2022
- ?"Candidatus Neomarinimicrobium" Rinke et al. 2013 corrig. Oren et al. 2020 (Candidate phylum SAR406; candidate phylum Marine Group A)
- Class Fidelibacteria Katayama et al. 2024
Phylum "Heilongiota"
- Class "Heilongiia" corrig. Zhang et al. 2022
- ?"Heilongiales" Zhang et al. 2022
Phylum "Saltatorellota"
- Class "Saltatorellae" Wiegand et al. 2019
- ?"Saltatorellales" Wiegand et al. 2019
Phylum "Tianyaibacteriota"
- ?"Candidatus Tianyaibacterium" corrig. Cui et al. 2021
Phylum "Hinthialibacterota"
- Class "Hinthialibacteria" Williams et al. 2022
- "Hinthialibacterales" Williams et al. 2022 (OLB16)
Phylum "Sumerlaeota"
- Class "Sumerlaeia" Kadnikov et al. 2018
- "Sumerlaeales" Kadnikov et al. 2018
Phylum "Abyssobacterota"
Phylum "Poribacteriota"
- Class ?"Entoporibacteria" Podell et al. 2019
- Class ?"Pelagiporibacteria" Podell et al. 2019
Phylum "Hydrogenedentota"
- Class "Hydrogenedentia" Chuvochina et al. 2023 (NKB19)
- "Hydrogenedentales" corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2023
- Class "Uabimicrobiia" Lodha, Narvekar & Karodi 2021
- "Uabimicrobiales" Lodha, Narvekar & Karodi 2021
- Class "Brocadiia" JLodha, Narvekar & Karodi 2021
- "Brocadiales" Jetten et al. 2010
- "Hypogeohydatales" Wu et al. 2023 [YC14-17: JP1]
- "Wukongales" Wu et al. 2023 [YC18]
- Class Phycisphaeria Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016
- Class Planctomycetia Ward 2020
| Phylogeny of "Auribacterota"[9][10][11]
|
|
|
|
|
| "Tritonobacteria"
|
"Tritonobacterales"
|
|
|
| "Erginobacteria"
|
"Erginobacterales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| JACPWU01
|
"Theseobacterales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| "Auribacteria"
|
"Auribacterales"
|
|
|
| "Ancaeobacteria"
|
"Ancaeobacterales"
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Ancaeobacteria" Williams et al. 2022 [JAKLEM01]
- "Ancaeobacterales" Williams et al. 2022
- Class "Auribacteria" Williams et al. 2022 [SURF-26]
- "Auribacterales" Williams et al. 2022
- Class "Erginobacteria" Williams et al. 2022 [PUNC01]
- "Erginobacterales" Williams et al. 2022
- Class JACPWU01
- "Theseobacterales" Williams et al. 2022
- Class "Tritonobacteria" Williams et al. 2022 [UBA1439]
- "Tritonobacterales" Williams et al. 2022
- Class Chlamydiia Horn 2011
- "Similichlamydiales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [Hat2]
- Chlamydiales Storz & Page 1971 em. Everett et al. 1999 (Parachlamydiales, "Anoxychlamydiales", "Simkaniales")
| Phylogeny of Verrucomicrobiota[9][10][11]
|
|
|
|
|
| Lentisphaeria
|
|
|
Lentisphaerales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oligosphaerales
|
|
|
|
|
Victivallales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kiritimatiellae
|
|
|
"Spyradenecales"
|
|
|
|
|
Kiritimatiellales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Verrucomicrobiia
|
|
|
Opitutales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Limisphaerales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Methylacidiphilales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Terrimicrobiales
|
|
|
|
|
Verrucomicrobiales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
- Class Lentisphaeria Cho et al. 2004
- Lentisphaerales Cho et al. 2004
- Oligosphaerales Qiu et al. 2013
- Victivallales Cho et al. 2004
- Class Kiritimatiellae Spring et al. 2017
- Kiritimatiellales Spring et al. 2017 [incl. Tichowtungiales]
- "Spyradenecales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [RFP12]
- Class Verrucomicrobiia corrig. Hedlund, Gosink & Staley 1998
- Limisphaerales Podosokorskaya et al. 2023
- Methylacidiphilales Awala et al. 2023 ["Pedosphaerales"]
- Opitutales Choo et al. 2007 (Puniceicoccales)
- Terrimicrobiales García-López et al. 2020 ("Chthoniobacterales")
- Verrucomicrobiales Ward-Rainey et al. 1996 em. Yoon et al. 2008
Phylum "Tangaroaeota"
- Class "Tangaroaeia" Sun et al. 2025 ("Aegiribacteria")
- "Tangaroaeales" Sun et al. 2025 (Hyd24-12)
Phylum "Edwardsiibacteriota"
Phylum "Latescibacterota"
| Phylogeny of "Latescibacterota"[9][10][11]
|
|
|
|
|
"Handelsmanbacteria"
|
|
|
|
|
| "Latescibacteria"
|
"Latescibacterales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Handelsmanbacteria" (RIF27)
- Class "Latescibacteria" Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Latescibacterales" Chuvochina et al. 2023 (WS3)
Phylum "Zixiibacteriota"
Phylum "Fermentibacterota"
- Class "Fermentibacteria" Kirkegaard 2016 ("Aegiribacteria")
- "Fermentibacterales" Kirkegaard 2016 (Hyd24-12)
Phylum "Orphanbacterota"
- Class "Orphanbacteria" Gong et al. 2022
- "Orphanbacterales" Gong et al. 2022
Phylum "Arandabacterota"
- Class "Arandabacteria" Gong et al. 2022
- "Arandabacterales" Gong et al. 2022
Phylum "Joyebacterota"
- Class "Joyebacteria" Gong et al. 2022
- "Joyebacterales" Gong et al. 2022
Phylum "Eiseniibacteriota"
Phylum "Krumholzibacteriota"
- Class "Krumholzibacteriia" corrig. Youssef et al. 2019
- "Delphibacterales" (DOLZORAL124_64_63; LZORAL124-64-63)
- "Krumholzibacteriales" Youssef et al. 2019 (UBP1)
Phylum "Blakebacterota"
- Class "Blakebacteria" Gong et al. 2022
- "Blakebacterales" Gong et al. 2022
- Class "Glassbacteria" (RIF5)
- Class Gemmatimonadetes Zhang et al. 2003
- ?Gaopeijiales Ye et al. 2025
- Gemmatimonadales Zhang et al. 2003
- Longimicrobiales Pascual et al. 2016
- "Palaucibacterales" Aldeguer-Riquelme, Antón & Santos 2022 [PAUC43f]
Phylum "Hydrothermota"
| Phylogeny of "Hydrothermota"[9][10][11]
|
|
|
|
|
"Stahliibacteriia"
|
|
|
|
|
| "Hydrothermia"
|
|
|
"Caldipriscales"
|
|
|
|
|
"Hydrothermales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Tepidihabitantia" Slobodkina et al. 2025
- ?"Tepidihabitantales" Slobodkina et al. 2025 [UBA2258: JABLX01]
- Class "Stahliibacteriia" (UBA3073)
- Class "Hydrothermia" Chuvochina et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Hydrothermales" Chuvochina et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023 (EM3)
- "Caldipriscales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [LBFQ01]
Phylum "Cloacimonadota"
| Phylogeny of "Cloacimonadota"[9][10][11]
|
| "Cloacimonadia"
|
|
|
JGIOTU-2
|
|
|
|
|
"Cloacimonadales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Cloacimonadia" Williams et al. 2021 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Candidatus Celaenobacter" Williams et al. 2021 {JGIOTU-2: JGIOTU-2}
- "Cloacimonadales" Williams et al. 2021 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023 (WWE1)
| Phylogeny of Fibrobacterota[9][10][11]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Raymondiibacteriia"
|
|
|
|
|
| Fibrobacteria
|
Fibrobacterales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Raymondbacteria" (RIF7; OXYB2-FULL-49-7)
- Class Chitinivibrionia Sorokin et al. 2014
- Class Fibrobacteria Spain et al. 2012
- Fibrobacterales Spain et al. 2012 ["Fibromonadales"]
Phylum "Marinisomatota"
- Class "Marinisomatia"
- "Marinisomatales" (SAR406)
- Class Calditrichia Kublanov et al. 2022
Phylum "Zhuqueibacterota"
| Phylogeny of "Zhuqueibacterota"[9][10][11]
|
|
|
| "Cosmopoliia"
|
|
|
|
| "Zhuqueibacteria"
|
|
|
|
|
"Thermofontimicrobiales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Oceanimicrobiales"
|
|
|
|
|
"Zhuqueibacterales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Oleimicrobiales"
|
|
|
|
|
"Residuimicrobiales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Cosmopoliia" corrig. Zhang et al. 2023
- "Cosmopoliales" Zhang et al. 2023 [QNDG01]
- Class "Zhuqueibacteria" Lian et al. 2024
- "Oceanimicrobiales" Lian et al. 2024
- "Oleimicrobiales" Lian et al. 2024
- "Residuimicrobiales" Lian et al. 2024
- "Sulfurfontimicrobiaceae" Lian et al. 2024
- "Thermofontimicrobiales" Lian et al. 2024
- "Zhuqueibacterales" Lian et al. 2024
Phylum "Effluvivivacota"
- Family "Effluvivivacaceae" corrig. Su et al. 2024 (VGIX01)
| Phylogeny of Bacteroidota_A[9][10][11]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| "Kapaibacteriia"
|
"Kapaibacteriales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Kapaibacteriia" corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2023 (OPB56)
- "Kapaibacteriales" corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2023
- Class "Kryptonia"
- Class "Ignavibacteriia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2022
- Class Chlorobiia Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020
- Class Rhodothermia Munoz, Rossello-Mora & Amann 2017
Phylum "Electryoneota"
| Phylogeny of "Electryoneota"[9][10][11]
|
|
|
|
|
| "Tariuqbacteria"
|
"Tariuqbacterales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| "Electryoneia"
|
"Electryoneales"
|
|
|
| AABM5‑125‑24
|
"Hatepunaeales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Electryoneia" Williams et al. 2022
- Electryoneales Williams et al. 2022
- Class AABM5-125-24
- Hatepunaeales Williams et al. 2022
- Class "Tariuqbacteria" Vigneron, Vincent & Lovejoy 2023
- Tariuqbacterales Vigneron, Vincent & Lovejoy 2023
Phylum "Delongiibacteriota"
Phylum "Canglongiota"
- Class "Canglongiliia" Zhang et al. 2022
- ?"Canglongiales" Zhang et al. 2022
| Phylogeny of Acidobacteriota[9][10][11]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| "Guanabaribacteriia"
|
"Guanabaribacteriales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Fischerbacteria"
|
|
|
|
|
| "Aminicenantia"
|
"Aminicenantales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Fischerbacteria" (RIF25; HRBIN11)
- Class "Guanabaribacteriia" corrig. Tschoeke et al. 2020
- "Guanabaribacteriales" corrig. Tschoeke et al. 2020
- Class "Aminicenantia" Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Aminicenantales" Kadnikov et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023 (OP8)
- Class Thermoanaerobaculia Dedysh & Yilmaz 2018
- Class "Holophagia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016
- Class "Polarisedimenticolia" Flieder et al. 2021
- Class Vicinamibacteria Dedysh & Yilmaz 2018
- Class Blastocatellia Pascual et al. 2016
- ?"Frugalibacteriales" Ruhl et al. 2022
- Blastocatellales Pascual et al. 2016
- "Chloracidobacteriales"
- Class Acidobacteriia Thrash & Coates 2010
Phylum Desulfobacterota G
- Class Syntrophorhabdia Waite et al. 2020
- Syntrophorhabdales Waite et al. 2020
Phylum "Acidulodesulfobacteriota"
- Class "Acidulodesulfobacteriia" (sic) Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [SZUA-79]
- "Acidulidesulfobacterales" corrig. Tan et al. 2019
Phylum "Dadaibacteriota"
- Class "Dadabacteria" (sic) Hug et al. 2016 [CSP1-2]
- "Nemesobacterales" Gavriilidou et al. 2023
Phylum "Calescibacteriota"
- Class "Calescibacteriia" Chuvochina et al. 2023 (EM19)
- "Calescibacteriales" Chuvochina et al. 2023
Phylum Thermosulfidibacterota
- Class Thermosulfidibacteria Cavalier-Smith 2020 ex Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Thermosulfidibacterales Cavalier-Smith 2020 ex Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Desulfurobacteriia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Aquificia corrig. Reysenbach 2002
Phylum "Deferrimicrobiota"
- Class "Deferrimicrobiia" corrig. Begmatov et al. 2022
- Deferrimicrobiales Begmatov et al. 2022
Phylum "Deferrisomatota"
Phylum "Lernaellota"
| Phylogeny of "Lernaellota"[9][10][11]
|
| "Lernaellia"
|
|
|
"Alcyoniellaceae"
|
|
|
|
|
"Lernaellales"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Lernaellia" Williams et al. 2022 [FEN-1099]
- "Alcyoniellaceae" Williams et al. 2022 {JAVCCG01}
- "Lernaellales" Williams et al. 2022
Phylum "Binatota"
- Class "Binatia" Chuvochina et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Binatales" Chuvochina et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023
| Phylogeny of Myxococcota[9][10][11]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bradymonadia
|
Bradymonadales
|
|
|
| Polyangia
|
|
|
|
|
Haliangiales
|
|
|
|
|
Nannocystales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polyangiales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Class "Kuafubacteriia" corrig. Li et al. 2023
- "Kuafubacteriales" Li et al. 2023 [WYAZ01: GCA_016703535]
- Class Myxococcia Waite et al. 2020
- Myxococcales Tchan, Pochon & Prévot 1948 [Archangiales; "Angiobacteriales"; "Angiococcales"] (fruiting gliding bacteria)
- Class Bradymonadia corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Bradymonadales Wang et al. 2015
- Class Polyangiia corrig. Waite et al. 2020
- Haliangiales Waite et al. 2020
- Nannocystales (Reichenbach 2007) Waite et al. 2020
- Polyangiales Tchan, Pochon & Prevot 1948 [Myxobacterales]
Phylum "Nitrosediminicolota"
- ?Candidatus "Nitrosediminicola" Zhao, Jorgensen & Babbin 2024
Phylum "Schekmaniibacteriota"
Phylum "Moduliflexota"
- Class "Moduliflexia" Sekiguchi et al. 2015 (KSB3)
- "Moduliflexales" Sekiguchi et al. 2015
Phylum "Spongiamicota"
- Class "Spongiamicia" Sun et al. 2025 [UBA8248]
- "Spongiamicales" Sun et al. 2025
Phylum "Tectimicrobiota"
- Class "Entotheonellia" Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Entotheonellales" Schmidt et al. 2000 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023
- Class Nitrospinia Lucker et al. 2022
- Nitrospinales Lucker et al. 2022
Phylum "Methylomirabilota"
| Phylogeny of "Methylomirabilota"[9][10][11]
|
| "Methylomirabilia"
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"Methylomirabilales"
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"Rokubacteriales"
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- Class "Methylomirabilia" Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Methylomirabilales" Cabrol et al. 2020 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Rokubacteriales" (CSP1-6)
- Class Thermodesulfovibrionia Umezawa et al. 2023
- ?"Mariimomonadales" Yoon et al. 2023
- Thermodesulfovibrionales Umezawa et al. 2023 ["Magnetobacteriales"]
- Class Nitrospiria Garrity & Holt 2022
- Nitrospirales Garrity & Holt 2022
- "Troglogloeales" Yu et al. 2022 ["Manganitrophales"]
| Phylogeny of Thermodesulfobacteriota[9][10][11]
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| "Zymogeniia"
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"Zymogeniales"
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| "Desulfofervidia"
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"Desulfofervidales"
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| "Desulfatiglandia"
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Desulfatiglandales
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| Desulfobaccia
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Desulfobaccales
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| Desulfarculia
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"Adiutricales"
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Desulfarculales
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- Class "Zymogeniia" corrig. Murphy et al. 2021
- "Zymogeniales" Murphy et al. 2021
- Class "Anaeroferrophilia" corrig. Murphy et al. 2021
- "Anaeroferrophilales" Murphy et al. 2021 ["Tharpellales"]
- Class Desulfuromonadia Waite et al. 2020
- Class Desulfomonilia Waite et al. 2020
- Class Syntrophia Waite et al. 2020
- Class Dissulfuribacteria Waite et al. 2020
- Class Thermodesulfobacteriia corrig. Hatchikian, Ollivier & Garcia 2002
- Class Desulfobulbia Waite et al. 2020
- Class "Desulfofervidia" Waite et al. 2020
- "Desulfofervidales" Waite et al. 2020
- Class "Desulfatiglandia" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DSM-4660]
- Desulfatiglandales Waite et al. 2020
- Class Desulfobaccia Waite et al. 2020
- Desulfobaccales Waite et al. 2020
- Class Desulfarculia Waite et al. 2020
- "Adiutricales" Waite et al. 2020
- Desulfarculales corrig. Kuever, Rainey & Widdel 2006
- Class Syntrophobacteria Waite et al. 2020
- Class Desulfobacteria Waite et al. 2020
Phylum "Leptospirillaeota"
- Class "Leptospirillia" Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Leptospirillales" Chuvochina et al. 2023
Phylum "Desulfovibrionota"
Phylum SAR324
- Class Lambdaproteobacteria Anantharaman et al. 2016 (RIF24)
Phylum "Oligoflexaeota"
- Class "Anaeropigmentatia" corrig. Murphy et al. 2021
- ?Anaeropigmentatales corrig. Murphy et al. 2021
- Class Caulobacteria" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020
- ?"Methylospongiales" Podell et al. 2020
- Clade "Rhodobacteriae"
- Sublass "Rickettsiidae" corrig. Ferla et al. 2013
- "Enterousiales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 {Rs-D84}
- Rickettsiales Gieszczykiewicz 1939 emend. Dumler et al. 2001
- "Scatocolales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [RF32]
| Phylogeny of "Caulobacteridae"[9][10][11]
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"Micavibrionales"
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Puniceispirillales
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Elsterales
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"Inquilinales"
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Azospirillales
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Oceanibaculales
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Thalassobaculales
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Rhodospirillales
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Reyranellales
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Acetobacterales
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"Planktothermales"
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Tistrellales
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Geminicoccales
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- Sublass "Caulobacteridae" Ferla et al. 2013
- Acetobacterales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Azospirillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Ca. Bealeia" Szokoli et al. 2016 {UBA9655: UBA9655}
- "Ca. Bodonicaedibacter" corrig. Midha et al. 2021 {UBA6184: UBA6184}
- Caulobacterales Henrici & Johnson 1935 (Hyphomonadales; Maricaulales; Parvularculales)
- "Caedimonadales"
- Dongiales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Elsterales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Ferrovibrionales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Futianiales" Liu et al. 2022
- Geminicoccales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Holosporales Szokoli et al. 2016
- "Inquilinales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DSM-16000]
- Kiloniellales Wiese et al. 2009
- "Marivibrionales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
- "Methylospongiales" Podell et al. 2020
- "Micavibrionales"
- "Ca. Micropelagius" Jimenez-Infante et al. 2014 {RS24}
- Micropepsales Harbison et al. 2016
- Minwuiales Sun et al. 2018
- Oceanibaculales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Paracaedibacterales" Chuvochina et al. 2023
- Parvibaculales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Planktothermales" Zhou et al. 2020 [UBA7887]
- Puniceispirillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Pyruvatibacter Wang et al. 2016 {CGMCC-115125}
- Reyranellales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Rhodospirillales Pfennig & Truper 1971
- Sphingomonadales Yabuuchi & Kosako 2006 (Emcibacterales; Iodidimonadales; Kordiimonadales; Rhodothalassiales)
- Sneathiellales Kurahashi et al. 2008
- Stellales Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [ATCC43930]
- "Tagaeales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [CACIAM-22H2]
- Thalassobaculales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Tistrellales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Zavarziniales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class "Mariprofundia" Cavalier-Smith 2020 ["Zetaproteobacteria"]
- Class Magnetococcia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Pseudomonadia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016
- ?"Ferritrophicales" Weiss et al. 2007
- ?"Kopriimonadales" Kwon et al. 2005c
- ?"Siderophilales" corrig. Corbera-Rubio et al. 2024
- ?"Spongiifermentales" Nguyen et al. 2023
- Thiohalorhabdales Sorokin & Merkel 2023
- Subclass "Acidithiobacillidae" Cavalier-Smith 2020
- Subclass "Neisseriidae" Cavalier-Smith 2020 (Betaproteobacteria)
| Phylogeny of "Chromatiae"[9][10][11]
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"Porifericomitales"
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"Foliamicales"
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UBA11654
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"Porisulfidales"
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Xanthomonadales
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Natronospirales
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"Rariloculales"
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Woeseiales
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Steroidobacterales
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"Halofilales"
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Granulosicoccales
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Thiohalospirales
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Nitrococcales
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"Thiogranales"
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Thiohalobacterales
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"Thioalbales"
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"Inmiraniales"
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"Competibacterales"
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"Sulfuriflexales"
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"Tenderiales"
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"Thiopontiales"
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"Reidiellales"
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"Thiohalophilales"
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Thiohalomonadales
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Immundisolibacterales
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Nitrosococcales
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Methylohalomonadales
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Beggiatoales
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- Subclass "Pseudomonadidae" Cavalier-Smith 2020
- "Ca. Legionella polyplacis" Ríhová et al. 2017 {G002776555: G002776555}
- Acidiferrobacterales Kojima, Shinohara & Fukui 2015
- Acidihalobacteraceae Chuvochina et al. 2024 {DSM-5130}
- "Aquicellales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DSM-16500]
- Arenicellales Teramoto, Yagyu & Nishijima 2015
- "Azoamicaceae" Speth et al. 2023 {G016432505}
- Beggiatoales Buchanan 1957
- "Berkiellales" Chuvochina et al. 2023
- Cardiobacteriales Garrity, Bell & Lilburn 2005
- Chromatiales Imhoff 2005
- "Comchoanobacterales" Needham et al. 2022
- "Competibacterales" Chuvochina et al. 2023
- Coxiellales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Diplorickettsiales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Ectothiorhodospirales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Enterobacterales Adeolu et al. 2016 ("Bacteriales"; Orbales; "Aerobacterales"; Aeromonadales; Alteromonadales; Kangiellales; Pasteurellales; "Vibrionales")
- Enterobacteriaceae_A {Enterobacterales_A}
- "Foliamicales" Nguyen et al. 2023
- Francisellales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Granulosicoccales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Halofilales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [XJ16]
- Halothiobacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Immundisolibacterales Corteselli, Aitken & Singleton 2017
- "Inmiraniales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DSM-100275]
- Legionellales Garrity, Bell & Lilburn 2005
- "Macondimonadales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA5335]
- "Magnimaribacterales" Ramfelt et al. 2024 [SAR86: SAR156]
- Methylococcales Bowman 2005
- Methylohalomonadales Sorokin & Merkel 2023 ("Eutrophobiales")
- Natronospirales Sorokin et al. 2025
- Nevskiales Naushad et al. 2015 ("Salinisphaerales")
- Nitrococcales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Nitrosococcales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Pelagibaculales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [HP12]
- Piscirickettsiales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Porifericomitales" Nguyen et al. 2023
- "Poriferisulfidales" Nguyen et al. 2023 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023
- Pseudomonadales Orla-Jensen 1921 (Cellvibrionales; Moraxellales; Oceanospirillales)
- "Rariloculales" Nguyen et al. 2022
- "Reidiellales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [GCF-013343005]
- Steroidobacterales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Sulfuriflexales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [AKS1]
- "Taraoceanobacteraceae" Zhou et al. 2020 {UBA11654}
- "Tenderiales" Chuvochina et al. 2023
- "Thioalbales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DSM-26407]
- "Thioglobales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [PS1]
- "Thiogranales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DSM-19610]
- Thiohalobacterales Sorokin & Merkel 2023
- Thiohalomonadales Sorokin & Merkel 2023
- "Thiohalophilales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 {UBA6429}
- Thiohalospirales Sorokin & Merkel 2023
- Thiomicrospirales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Thiopontiales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [GCF-002020875]
- Thiotrichales Garrity, Bell & Lilburn 2005
- Woeseiales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Xanthomonadales Saddler & Bradbury 2005 non Chadefaud 1950a (Lysobacterales)
List of Candidate Phyla
- "Qinglongiota" Zhang et al. 2022
- "Salinosulfoleibacteria" Tazi et al. 2006
- "Teskebacteria" Dojka 1998 (WS1)
See also
References
- ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Bacteria". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2021-06-27.
- ^ Sayers; et al. "Bacteria". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
- ^ All-Species Living Tree Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 132". Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
- ^ Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Waite, DW; Rinke, C; Skarshewski, A; Chaumeil, PA; Hugenholtz, P (November 2018). "A standardized bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny substantially revises the tree of life". Nature Biotechnology. 36 (10): 996–1004. bioRxiv 10.1101/256800. doi:10.1038/nbt.4229. PMID 30148503. S2CID 52093100.
- ^ Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Chaumeil, PA; Rinke, C; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P (September 2020). "A complete domain-to-species taxonomy for Bacteria and Archaea". Nature Biotechnology. 38 (9): 1079–1086. bioRxiv 10.1101/771964. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0501-8. PMID 32341564. S2CID 216560589.
- ^ Chaumeil, PA; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P; Parks, DH (15 November 2019). "GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database". Bioinformatics. 36 (6): 1925–1927. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz848. PMC 7703759. PMID 31730192.
- ^ Almeida, Alexandre; Nayfach, Stephen; Boland, Miguel; Strozzi, Francesco; Beracochea, Martin; Shi, Zhou Jason; Pollard, Katherine S.; Sakharova, Ekaterina; Parks, Donovan H.; Hugenholtz, Philip; Segata, Nicola; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Finn, Robert D. (20 July 2020). "A unified catalog of 204,938 reference genomes from the human gut microbiome". Nature Biotechnology. 39 (1): 105–114. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0603-3. PMC 7801254. PMID 32690973.
- ^ Nayfach, Stephen; et al. (9 November 2020). "A genomic catalog of Earth's microbiomes". Nature Biotechnology. 39 (4): 499–509. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6. PMC 8041624. PMID 33169036.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc "GTDB release 10-RS226". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc "bac120_r226.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
|
|---|
- Domain
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukaryota
- (major groups
- Metamonada
- Discoba
- Diaphoretickes
- Hacrobia
- Cryptista
- Rhizaria
- Alveolata
- Stramenopiles
- Plants
- Amorphea
- Amoebozoa
- Opisthokonta
- Animalia
- Fungi
- Mesomycetozoea)
|
Candidate Phyla
Radiation |
- "Elulimicrobiota"
- Minisyncoccota
- "Absconditibacteria"
- "Andersenbacteria"
- "Berkelbacteria"
- "Baikalibacteria"
- "Dojkabacteriia"
- "Doudnabacteria"
- "Gracilibacteriia"
- "Howlettbacteria"
- "Katanibacteriia"
- "Kazanbacteria"
- "Microgenomatia"
- Minisyncoccia
- "Patescibacteriia"
- "Saccharimonadia"
- "Torokbacteria"
- "Wirthbacteria"
|
|---|
| | | "Synergistetes" | |
|---|
| "Thermocalda" | |
|---|
|
|---|
| | | "Cyanoprokaryota" |
- Cyanobacteriota
- "Margulisiibacteriota"
- "Marinamargulisbacteria"
- "Riflemargulisbacteria"
- "Saganbacteria"
- "Termititenacia"
|
|---|
| "Firmicutes" |
- Bacillota
- Bacillota D
- Bacillota E
- "Fermentithermobacillia"
- Sulfobacillia
- Symbiobacteriia
- Thermaerobacteria
- Bacillota G
- "Hydrogenisporia"
- Limnochordia
- "Clostridiota"
- "Clostridiia"
- "Thermoanaerobacteria"
- Thermosediminibacteria
- "Desulfotomaculota"
- "Carboxydocellia"
- "Carboxydothermia"
- "Dehalobacteriia"
- Desulfitobacteriia
- Desulfotomaculia
- "Moorellia"
- Peptococcia
- Syntrophomonadia
- "Thermacetogeniia"
- Thermincolia
- "Halanaerobiaeota"
- "Selenobacteria"
|
|---|
|
|---|
| |
|---|
|
| Incertae sedis |
- "Qinglongiota"
- "Salinosulfoleibacteria"
- "Teskebacteria"
|
|---|
|