List of Shang dynasty states
This is a list of the various vassal tribes and city states during the Shang dynasty in ancient China. Modern understanding of these states (Chinese："方") primarily comes from oracle bone inscriptions unearthed from the late Shang dynasty capital, Yinxu. In these inscriptions the tribal states are often referred to as name + "方".[1] In modern style Chinese the term can be duplicated to Fangguo (Traditional Chinese: 方國).
The Latin names of Fangs are pronounced according to the Pinyin system established by the People's Republic of China in 1958, which is different than their ancient pronunciations.
List of Fangs
| Name of Fang | Period of existence | Rough geographical location | Relationship with the Shang dynasty |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang (商方) | Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty | Yinxu (大邑商」"Da Yi Shang", "Shang, the Great City") (present Anyang) | |
| Zi (子方) | Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty | Near Yin (present Shangqiu) | swing |
| Tu (土方) | Early to middle Shang dynasty, conquered by Wu Ding | Northwest of Yin, east of Hong Fang (present Fen River Basin, Shanxi Province) | enemy |
| Hong (𢀛方) | Shang dynasty, to period of Zu Geng | Northwest of Yin, west of Tu Fang (north of present Shaanxi Province, Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| Gui (鬼方) | Shang dynasty | Northwest of Yin (present central Shanxi Province and northern Shaanxi province, Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | ally |
| Qiang (羌方) | Shang dynasty | Northwest of Yin (present Shaanxi Province, the area around Gansu Province, Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| Northern Qiang (北羌) | Shang dynasty | Northwest of Yin, north of Qiang Fang | swing |
| Ren (人方) | Shang dynasty | Southeast of Yin, coast of the Donghai (present Huai River basin and coast of the Yellow Sea at the Shandong Peninsula, northern Anhui and southern Shandong)) | swing |
| Zhou1 (周方) | Middle to late Shang dynasty, overthrew King Zhou of Shang and established the Zhou dynasty. | West of Yin (present Qishan County) | swing |
| Dapeng (大彭) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Tongshan) | swing |
| Tang (唐方) | Shang dynasty | Northwest of Yin | |
| Jing (井方) | Shang dynasty | Northwest of Yin (present Yuncheng City, east of Hejin City, north of Qishan County) | ally |
| Lin (林方) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin, south of Huai river | swing |
| Xing (興方) | Shang dynasty | Unknown | swing |
| Ma (馬方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Shilou County) | enemy |
| Shi (豕方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Wei (危方) | Shang dynasty | swing | |
| Yu (盂方)1 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | |
| East Yu (東盂方) | Shang dynasty | swing | |
| West Yu (西盂方) | Shang dynasty | swing | |
| Zhi (沚方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| Pang (旁方) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Qufu City) | swing |
| Ge (戈方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present south of Shanxi Province) | ally |
| Mu (木方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Ba (巴方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | enemy |
| Geng (亙方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| Long (龍方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| Ji (基方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Puxian) | enemy |
| Jian (湔方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | enemy |
| Ya (亞方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Jiyuan) | ally |
| Ji (祭方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin, between Shang and Zhou | swing |
| Shi (示方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Mao (髳方) | Shang dynasty | enemy | |
| Zhao (召方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| Yin (印方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Hu (虎方) | Shang dynasty | ally | |
| Wei (微方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Xi (息方) | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (Luoshan County) | ally |
| Mie (眣方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Zhi (止方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Yin (尹方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Bu (步方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Gui (歸方) | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (present Zigui) | enemy |
| Zeng (曾方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Zhu (祝方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Nong (弄方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Chui (吹方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| Che (屮方) (艸方？) | Shang dynasty | ||
| (月丮 方) | Shang dynasty | ||
| 10px方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin, Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau | enemy |
| 方 | Shang dynasty | ally | |
| You (㠱方) | Shang dynasty | North of Yin (present Beijing and northeastern Hebei, to the west of Liaoning) | ally |
| 方 | Shang dynasty | ||
| 方 | Shang dynasty | ||
| 方 | Shang dynasty | ||
| 方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| 方 | Shang dynasty | ||
| Xiawei (下危) | Shang dynasty | North of Yin | enemy |
| Gu (雇) | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (present southwest of Yuanyang County, northwest of Yuanwu Town, Henan Province) | ally |
| Bao (暴) | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (present Yuanyang County) | ally |
| Lu (盧) | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (present Zhushan County and Ankang City) | |
| Que (雀方) | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (present region of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi) | ally |
| Shi (矢方) | Shang dynasty | Unknown | enemy |
| Dian (奠) | Shang dynasty | Unknown | ally |
| Shu (黍) | Shang dynasty | Unknown | ally |
| Zhu (竹) | Shang dynasty | North of Yin (centered around Lulong County, this area encompasses the northeastern part of Hebei, the western part of Liaoning Province, and the southeastern corner of Inner Mongolia) | ally |
| You (攸) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present southern part of Yongcheng City and northwestern part of Suzhou City) | ally |
| Yuan (元) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Yongcheng City) | ally |
| Ji (及) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Yongcheng City) | ally |
| Shen (侁) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Cao County) | |
| Gao (告) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Chengwu County) | ally |
| Dun (盾) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | ally |
| Tui (魋) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | enemy |
| Chou (醜) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Qingzhou) | ally |
| Ji (紀) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Shouguang) | |
| Xue (薛) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Tengzhou) | |
| Er (兒) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Tengzhou) | swing |
| Feng (豐)1 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | swing |
| Pang (逢) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | ally |
| Bogu (薄姑) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | ally |
| Yufang (鬱方) | Shang dynasty | Unknown | ally |
| Xuan (宣方) | Shang dynasty | Unknown | ally |
| Xiu 羞方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| Qi (杞方) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (present Qi County) | ally |
| Song (宋方) | Shang dynasty | North of Yin (present Zhao County) | ally |
| Bei (貝方) | Shang dynasty | South of Yin | |
| Cang (倉方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Shangzhou District) | ally |
| Quan (犬方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | swing |
| Yang (昜方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Hongdong) | |
| Fou (缶方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | |
| Peng (彭方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| Dan (丹方) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Qinyang) | ally |
| Qu (去) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ally |
| Shangsi (上絲) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ally |
| Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
| He (禾) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | |
| Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
| Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
| Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
| Guang (光) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ally |
| Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
| Ke (可) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Xiuwu County) | ally |
| Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
| Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
| Er (耳) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| Lü (呂) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
| Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
| Bing (丙) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Lingshi) | |
| Xian (先) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Fushan) | |
| Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
| Feng 豐2 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present west of Feng river, Shaanxi Province) | ally |
| Hao (鎬) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present east of Feng river, Shaanxi Province) | swing |
| Na 郍 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, Henan Province) | |
| Yu (盂方)2 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present northwest of Qinyang) | |
| Lu (鹿) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Song County) | swing |
| Qi (耆) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Licheng) | swing |
| Chong (崇國) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Xi'an) | swing |
| Mixu (密須) | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (present Lingtai) | swing |
| Jian (戔) | Shang dynasty | Unknown | ally |
See also
References
- ^ D. Howard Smith (1961). "Chinese Religion in the Shang Dynasty". Numen. 8: 142–150. doi:10.1163/156852761X00090.