Kalanguya language

Kalanguya
Kallahan, Keley-i, Ahin, Mandekey, Mankehang, Kayapa, Hanglulaw
RegionLuzon, Philippines
Native speakers
ca. 126,804 (2020 census)[1]
Austronesian
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
kak – Kalanguya
ify – Keley-i
Glottologkall1244
Area where Kalanguya is spoken according to Ethnologue

Kalanguya, also called Kallahan, is a dialect cluster spoken by the Kalanguya people of northern Luzon, Philippines.[2] The Kalanguya language is closely related to Ibaloi, Karao, and Iwak and is distantly related with Pangasinan and Ilongot. The Kalanguya language is part of the Southern Cordilleran languages of the Northern Luzon languages, which in turn is part of the Malayo-Polynesian languages.

Distribution

Kalanguya (also called Ikalahan, Kalangoya, Kalangoya-Ikalahan, Kallahan, Kayapa) is spoken in the following locations:[3]

The dialects of Kalanguya are

Kalanguya (KLN)
  • AHN — Ahin, Tinoc, Ifugao
    DKY — Mandek-ey of Amlimay, Buguias, Benguet
    HNG — Hanglulaw of Amduntog, Asipolo, Ifugao
    KAY — Kayapa Proper, Kayapa, Nueva Vizcaya [4]
    KEH — Mankehang of Sitio Tinudan, Poblacion, Kabayan, Benguet
    KEL — Keley-i of Antipolo, Asipolo, Ifugao [5]

Himes (1998) report the following lexical relationship on basic vocabulary of the Kalanguya dialects with each other:

  • Keley-i and Hanglulaw (Northern dialects) - 94%
  • Kehang, Mandek-ey, and Kayapa proper (Southern dialects)- 87% - 94%
  • Ahin to the Southern dialects - 80% - 86%

The northern dialects are reported to show Ifugao influences while the southern dialects inhibit influences from Ibaloi. Ahin is linguistically considered a third branch, separate from the two.

Phonology

Consonants[6]
Bilabial Dental/Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive p b t d ɡ q ʔ
Fricative h
Lateral l
Glide j

References

  1. ^ Philippine Statistics Authority (2023-07-04). "Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)". Retrieved 2026-02-27.
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). "Kalanguya". Glottolog . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ^ Ethnologue
  4. ^ Reid, Lawrence A. (1971). Philippine Minor Languages: Word Lists and Phonologies. University of Hawaii Press.
  5. ^ Reid 1971; L. Hohulin 1971; and R. M. Hohulin 1971.
  6. ^ Santiago, Paul Julian. "The Phonetic Structures of Kalanguya". Retrieved 18 December 2025.

Further reading

  • Hohulin, Richard M.; Hohulin, Elma Lou; Maddawat, Alberto K. (2018). Keley-i Dictionary and Grammar Sketch. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines. ISBN 978-971-780-034-9.
  • Santiago, Paul Julian (2016). A Grammar of Kalanguya (Doctoral thesis). Osaka University. hdl:11094/55717.


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