Jōetsu Shinkansen
| Jōetsu Shinkansen | |||
|---|---|---|---|
An E7 series train on a Joetsu Shinkansen service | |||
| Overview | |||
| Native name | 上越新幹線 | ||
| Owner | JR East | ||
| Locale | Tokyo; Saitama, Gunma, and Niigata prefectures | ||
| Termini | |||
| Stations | 10 | ||
| Service | |||
| Type | High-speed rail (Shinkansen) | ||
| System | Shinkansen | ||
| Services | |||
| Operator(s) | JR East | ||
| Depot(s) | Niigata | ||
| Rolling stock | E7 | ||
| History | |||
| Opened | 15 November 1982 | ||
| Technical | |||
| Line length | 269.5 km (167.5 mi) | ||
| Number of tracks | 2 | ||
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge | ||
| Electrification | Overhead line, 25 kV 50 Hz AC | ||
| Operating speed | 275 km/h (171 mph)[a] | ||
| Signalling | Cab signalling | ||
| Train protection system | DS-ATC | ||
| |||
The Jōetsu Shinkansen (Japanese: 上越新幹線) is a Japanese high-speed rail line and part of the nationwide Shinkansen network. Operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East), it links Niigata in the north to Ōmiya in the south, with through service to Tokyo via the Tōhoku Shinkansen.
Despite its name, the line does not pass through the city of Jōetsu or the historical Jōetsu region, which instead are served by the Hokuriku Shinkansen, which branches off the Jōetsu Shinkansen at Takasaki. The line's name originates from the parallel Jōetsu Line, which in turn is named after the two provinces that it connects: Jōshū (an alternate name for Kōzuke Province, which comprises today's Gunma Prefecture), and Echigo Province (modern day Niigata Prefecture).
Two services currently operate on the route: the limited-stop Toki, which runs the length of the corridor, and the all-stops Tanigawa, which runs between Tokyo and Echigo-Yuzawa Station. During the winter, Tanigawa trains continue via the Gala-Yuzawa Line, a 1.8-kilometre (1.1 mi) branch line to serve Gala-Yuzawa Station and its adjoining ski resort, which is also owned by JR East. The branch line was originally built to store trains terminating at and departing from Echigo-Yuzawa.
As of 2023, the maximum line speed is 275 kilometres per hour (171 mph). The fastest services cover the 269.5 kilometres (167.5 mi) between Tokyo and Niigata in 90 minutes.
Train services
The Jōetsu Shinkansen operates with two different services:
- Toki: Tokyo – Niigata limited-stop service
- Tanigawa: Tokyo – Echigo-Yuzawa all-stops service. During winter, trains continue to Gala-Yuzawa via the Gala-Yuzawa Line.
One service has been discontinued:
- Asahi, Tokyo – Niigata limited-stop service. (discontinued 30 November 2002)
Stations
Legend:
| ● | All trains stop |
|---|---|
| ▲ | Some trains stop |
- ^ a b Although the official terminus of the Ryōmō Line is at Shin-Maebashi and that of the Agatsuma Line is at Shibukawa, trains on both lines run through to Takasaki.
- ^ Although the official terminus of the Joetsu Line is at Miyauchi, trains on the line run through to Nagaoka.
- ^ Although the official terminus of the Ban'etsu West Line is at Niitsu, most trains on the line run through to Niigata.
Rolling stock
As of 18 March 2023 the following train types operate on Jōetsu Shinkansen services.
Between fiscal 2018 and 2020, eleven 12-car E7 series train sets were introduced on Jōetsu Shinkansen services, replacing the E4 series trains,[2] raising the speed from 240 km/h (150 mph) to 275 km/h (171 mph).[3] Additional sets were gradually introduced through 2023 for the replacement of E2 series trains.
-
E7 series trainset in October 2022
Non-revenue type
Former rolling stock
- 200 series: Asahi / Toki / Tanigawa (15 November 1982 – 14 April 2013)
- E1 series: Max Asahi / Max Toki / Max Tanigawa (15 July 1994 – 28 September 2012)
- E2 series: Toki / Tanigawa (January 2013 – March 2023)[4]
- E3 series Genbi Shinkansen excursion set (29 April 2016 – 19 December 2020)[5]
- E4 series: Max Asahi / Max Toki / Max Tanigawa (7 May 2001 – 1 October 2021)
-
200 series trainset in January 2011
-
E1 series trainset in June 2002
-
E2 series trainset in February 2011
-
E3 series Genbi Shinkansen excursion trainset in September 2016
-
E4 series trainset in February 2021
History
The program to build the new line was initiated in 1971 by Niigata-born prime minister Tanaka Kakuei; one popular anecdote is that Tanaka determined the line's routing by drawing it on a map with a red pencil.[6] Built at a cost of $6.3 billion,[7] it was built "to establish closer ties with Tokyo and promote regional development".[8]
Trial runs over the line began in November 1980, and regular service began on 15 November 1982.[9] The line was initially planned to terminate at Shinjuku Station, but economic considerations pushed Japanese National Railways (JNR) to merge the line with the existing Tōhoku Shinkansen line at Ōmiya.
In September 1991, a 400 Series Shinkansen train set a Japanese rail speed record of 345 km/h (214 mph) on the Jōetsu Shinkansen line, and in December 1993, the STAR21 experimental train recorded 425 km/h (264 mph). The maximum speed for regular services on the line at the time was 245 km/h (150 mph) except for the section between Jomo-Kogen and Urasa which is 275 km/h (171 mph) for E2 series trains travelling towards Niigata. The urban section between Tokyo and Ueno is 110 km/h (70 mph), between Ōmiya and Ueno is 130 km/h (80 mph).[10][11]
The Basic Plan specifies that the Jōetsu Shinkansen should actually start from Shinjuku, which would necessitate building 30 km (19 mi) of additional Shinkansen track from Ōmiya. While some land acquisitions along the existing Saikyō Line were made, no construction ever started.
The entire line was upgraded to 275 km/h (171 mph), with construction starting in May 2019, and finished in 2023.[12] Upgrades included improvements to the soundproofing system.[13] This marks the first time that an E7 series train has operated commercially at more than 260 km/h (160 mph), which is the maximum speed of the only other line served by this train, the Hokuriku Shinkansen. As a result of the upgrades, all trainsets on the Jōetsu Shinkansen operate exclusively with E7 series trainsets and the travel time on the line is projected to be reduced by 7 minutes compared to the former E2 and E4 series trainsets.[13] The end of E2 series trainsets on Jōetsu Shinkansen services took take place on 17 March 2023 with the streamlining of all services to use the E7 series taking place the following day.[14]
Future plans
The Niigata prefectural government has proposed building a new multi-modal terminal to directly connect the Shinkansen to the port of Niigata, potentially allowing direct transfers to ferries and cruise ships, and to potentially allow direct access between the Shinkansen and Niigata Airport. However this plan is foreseen to be completed only by the mid-2040s.[15]
See also
Notes
References
- ^ "JR East to speed up Tohoku Shinkansen". Railway Gazette International. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
- ^ 上越新幹線へE7系投入 [E7 series to be introduced on Jōetsu Shinkansen]. Tetsudo Hobidas (in Japanese). Japan: Neko Publishing. 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "JR East prepares for 275 km/H operation on Jōetsu Shinkansen". 9 May 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ E2系車両を上越新幹線に投入! [E2 series trains to be introduced on Joetsu Shinkansen] (PDF). News Release (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. 16 November 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
- ^ "世界最速の芸術鑑賞「現美新幹線」運行終了のお知らせ" [Notice of the end of operation of the world's fastest art appreciation "Genbi Shinkansen"] (PDF) (Press release) (in Japanese). East Japan Railway Company. 27 July 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
- ^ "実に地球300周...雪国駆けた「丸顔の美人」 さらば新幹線200系". MSN Sankei News. 15 March 2013. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
最後の活躍の舞台となった上越新幹線.その誕生には、田中角栄元首相が赤鉛筆で線を引きルートを決めたとの逸話も残る.
- ^ Hayes, Louis D. Introduction to Japanese Politics, p.107.
- ^ Takashima, Shuichi. Railway Operators in Japan 3: Tohoku and Niigata Region Archived 2008-11-20 at the Wayback Machine. Japan Railway & Transport Review No. 29 (pp.40–49)
- ^ Taniguchi, Mamoru (1993). "The Japanese Shinkansen". Built environment. 19 (3/4): 216.
- ^ "300 km/hのトップランナー" [300 km/h Top Runners]. Japan Railfan Magazine. Vol. 52, no. 612. Japan: Kōyūsha Co., Ltd. April 2012. p. 14.
- ^ The Tohoku Shinkansen: Full Speed Ahead, Japan Railway Journal (television program). NHK World. 13 April 2023. Event occurs at 7:44. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ "上越新幹線スピードアップ工事に着手 最高速度275km/h、大宮〜新潟間で7分程度短縮". 乗りものニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "JR東日本, 2023年春に上越新幹線(大宮—新潟間)の最高速度向上によるダイヤ変更を実施へ" [JR East to implement timetable change by improving maximum speed of Joetsu Shinkansen (between Omiya and Niigata) in spring 2023]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). 9 June 2022. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
- ^ "JR東日本, 3月18日にダイヤ改正を実施" [JR East Implements Schedule Revision Effective 18 March 2023]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). 16 December 2022. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ 新潟の西港区に新幹線、 県が30年後構想. Nihon Keizai Shimbun. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
External links
- JR East website (in Japanese)