House of Unar

The House of Unar (Sindhi: اُنڙ جو گهراڻو) was a Sindhi princely line of the Samma dynasty, descended from and named after Jam Unar I, Sultan of Sindh. The House of Unar ruled Sindh Sultanate from 1333 to 1370, from 1389 to 1412, and again from 1454 to 1524.

House of Jam Unar
Princely Line
Sultans of Sindh
Parent family
Country Sindh Sultanate
Founded1333 (1333)
FounderJam Unar I
Current headJam Tamachi Unar
(a Sindhi Politician)
Final rulerJam Feroz II
TitlesSultan
Jam
Shah
TraditionsIslam
Cadet branches
  • Unar tribe
    • Sanrya
      • Rahuja
      • Firuzja
      • Manahija
    • Gabija
    • Bhanruja
    • Nangreja
    • Kiriya
    • Bodleja
    • Pareja
    • Kameja

History

The Samma dynasty is divided into two ruling lines, the House of Unar and the House of Juna, which usually governed Sindh in an alternating and shared arrangement. After the death of Jam Unar I, the House of Unar ruled Sindh in a diarchy with the House of Juna until 1370, when Jam Juna I returned from Delhi and replaced the diarchic rule of Jam Tamachi and Jam Togachi, marking the rise of a more centralized monarchy and sometimes Elective monarchy within the Samma dynasty.[1] Later, Jam Tamachi returned from captivity of Delhi Sultanate and, after the death of Jam Juna I, seized the throne and later his son Jam Salahuddin I imprisoned the members of the House of Juna.[2]

During his reign, Jam Tamachi built the Jama Mosque at Makli, marking the foundation of Makli.[3] After the death of Jam Salahuddin I, his son Jam Nizamuddin I ascended the throne and released members of the House of Juna, who later killed him.[4][5] Although they attempted to seize power, the emirs and hakims had already elected Jam Ali Sher as ruler.[6]

Jam Ali Sher was subsequently killed by members of the House of Juna, and Jam Karan, the grandson of Jam Juna I, took the throne.[4][7] After this, the remaining members of the House of Unar sought refuge in the Kingdom of Kutch, ruled by their Hindu Samma counterparts, the Jarejas.[8] In 1454, following the death of Jam Sikandar II, Jam Sanjar of the House of Unar returned to Sindh and was elected ruler by the emirs of Samanagar.[8][9] He was succeeded by Jam Nizamuddin II, whose reign marked a golden age for Sindh and who was regarded as the wisest and learned sultan.[10][11]

After Jam Nizamuddin II’s death, his son Jam Feroz II assumed power and soon became embroiled in a struggle for the throne with Jam Salahuddin II, a grandson of Jam Sanjar.[12] Jam Salahuddin II was killed at the Battle of Chelhar.[13][14] Jam Feroz II then ruled as an Arghun vassal until Shah Hassan Arghun invaded Samanagar, forcing Jam Feroz to flee Sindh in September 1524, bringing Samma rule to an end. Despite losing power, Jam Feroz II later attempted to regain Sindh but was defeated by the Arghuns at the Battle of Khari Khabarlo in 1525.[15]

Today, the descendants of Jam Unar I bear the surname Unar and are part of the Unar tribe.

Genealogy

House of Unar

  Sultans of Sindh

Jam Banbina I
Ferozuddin Shah I
Jam Unar I
r. 1333–1352		House of Juna
Ruknuddin Shah
Jam Tamachi
r. 1368–1370
r. 1389–1392		Sadruddin Shah I
Jam Banbina II
r. 1352–1368
Jam RahuSalahuddin Shah I
Jam Unar II
r. 1392–1404		Jam Ali Sher
r. 1406–1412
Jam DasroSadruddin Shah III
Jam Sanjar
r. 1454–1461		Nizamuddin Shah I
r. 1404–1406
?Nizamuddin Shah II
Jam Nindo
r. 1461–1508		Malik Rahu
Bibi Rani
​
​
(m. 1518⁠–⁠1526)​
Daughter
w/o Qaiser Khan Grandson of Hassan Khan of Khandesh
​
​
(m. 1472)​
Ferozuddin Shah II
r. 1508–1512
r. 1512–1521
r. 1522–1524		Salahuddin Shah II
Malik Raj Bal
r. 1512
r. 1521–1522
Daughter
​
​
(m. 1531⁠–⁠1537)​
Jam Haibat Khan

References

  1. ^ Lakho 2006, p. 51.
  2. ^ Lakho 2006, p. 52.
  3. ^ Lakho 2006, p. 177.
  4. ^ a b Panhwar 1983, p. 342.
  5. ^ Islam 1990, p. 76.
  6. ^ Lari 1994, p. 72.
  7. ^ Islam 1990, p. 148.
  8. ^ a b Panhwar 1983, p. 351.
  9. ^ Lari 1997, p. 11.
  10. ^ Lakho 2006, p. 105.
  11. ^ Panhwar 1983, p. 353.
  12. ^ Lakho 2006, p. 61.
  13. ^ Lakho 2006, p. 63.
  14. ^ Panhwar 1983, p. 379.
  15. ^ Lari 1994, p. 90.

Bibliography

  • Panhwar, M. H. (August 1983), Chronological Dictionary of Sindh (From Geological Times to 1539) (1 ed.), Karachi: Educational Press: Institute of Sindhology, University of Sind, Jamshoro
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