Hargaya

Hargaya (Harari: ሀርጋየ Härgāyä) was a historical Muslim state in present-day eastern Ethiopia.[1][2][3] It was located east of the Awash River on the Harar plateau in Adal alongside Gidaya and Hubat states.[4][5][6] It neighbored other polities in the medieval era including Ifat, Fedis, Mora, Biqulzar and Kwelgora.[7]

History

The people of Hargaya were reportedly a sub clan of the Harla people.[8][9] In the fourteenth century Hargaya elected Imam Salih to battle the forces of Abyssinian emperor Amda Seyon I.[10] According to the fifteenth century emperor of Ethiopia's Baeda Maryam I chronicle, Hargaya's ruler took the title Garad.[11]

According to sixteenth century Adal writer Arab Faqīh, the people of Hargaya fought in the army of Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi leader of Adal Sultanate.[12][13] The text Futuh al-Habasha asserts Hargaya's overlord was Adal leader imam Ahmed's brother Muhammad ibn Ibrahim.[14] Amelie Chekroun states Hargaya people were presented as an independent group in the sixteenth century not associated with the Somalis.[15] Historian Merid Wolde Aregay deduced that the Hargaya state language was Harari.[16] In the later half of the sixteenth century Hargaya state would be ravaged by the Oromo invasions.[17][18] Researcher Mahdi Gadid states Hargaya alongside Gidaya domains were primarily inhabited by the Harari people before being assimilated by the Oromo and Somali people.[19][20]

An Oromo Garad of Hargaya and a Malak of the Nole community were among the governors of the area, according to the Emirate of Harar's 19th-century documents.[21]

References

  1. ^ Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. (1991). The New Atlas of African History. Macmillan. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-333-55900-0.
  2. ^ Loimeier, Roman (5 June 2013). Muslim Societies in Africa A Historical Anthropology. Indiana University Press. p. 184. ISBN 9780253007971.
  3. ^ Marcus, Harold (22 February 2002). A History of Ethiopia. University of California Press. p. 272. ISBN 9780520925427.
  4. ^ Braukamper, Ulrich (2002). Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Lit. p. 33. ISBN 9783825856717.
  5. ^ Tamrat, Tadesse (1968). Church and state (PDF). University of London. p. 238. doi:10.25501/SOAS.00028644.
  6. ^ Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. University of California Press. 1992. p. 711. ISBN 978-0-435-94811-5.
  7. ^ Hirsch, Bertrand (2020). "Le récit des guerres du roi ʿAmda Ṣeyon contre les sultanats islamiques, fiction épique du XVe siècle". Médiévales (79): 107. JSTOR 27092794.
  8. ^ Mohammed, Ayantu. Mapping Historical Traces: Methogensis, Identity and the Representation of the Harela: A Historical and Anthropological Inquiry (PDF). Wollo University. p. 111.
  9. ^ WONDIMU, ALEMAYEHU. A CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE HARARI PEOPLE (PDF). Jimma University. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-04-21.
  10. ^ Chekroun, Amelie. Le Futūḥ al-Ḥabaša Écriture de l'histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-dīn. Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. p. 198.
  11. ^ Garad. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
  12. ^ Oliver, Roland (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050. Cambridge University Press. p. 170. ISBN 9780521209816.
  13. ^ Ethiopianist Notes. African Studies Center, Michigan State University. 1977. p. 24.
  14. ^ Faqih, Arab. The Conquest of Abyssinia 16th Century. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 51.
  15. ^ Chekroun, Amelie. Le Futūḥ al-Ḥabaša : Écriture de l'histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-dīn (Éthiopie, XVIe siècle) (PDF). p. 192.
  16. ^ Aregay, Merid (1974). Political Geography of Ethiopia at the beginning of the Sixteenth Century. Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. p. 624.
  17. ^ Cerulli, Enrico. Islam yesterday and today. p. 178.
  18. ^ Zekaria, Ahmed (1997). "SOME NOTES ON THE ACCOUNT-BOOK OF AMĪR ʿABD AL-SHAKŪR B. YŪSUF (1783-1794) OF HARAR". Sudanic Africa. 8. Brill: 18. JSTOR 25653296.
  19. ^ Gidaya. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
  20. ^ Ogot, Bethwell (1992). Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. James Currey. p. 711. ISBN 978-0-435-94811-5.
  21. ^ Garad, Abdurahman (1990). Harar Wirtschaftsgeschichte eines Emirats im Horn von Afrika (1825-75). P. Lang. p. 54. ISBN 978-3-631-42492-6.
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