Malak (title)

Malak (Harari: መላቅ) (sometimes spelled Malaq) was an administrative designation in the Horn of Africa.[1][2]

Etymology

Linguist Wolf Leslau said that the term Malaq signifies chief for one of the five gates of Harar. It is derived from two Harari words, "mala" and "aqa," which together mean 'who knows the way and means.'[3][4] Historian Manfred Kropp said that it may be associated with another Harari title, Malassay.[5]

Malak also means ‘chief’ in Somali (a term borrowed from Harari according to linguist Giorgio Banti and historian Enrico Cerulli)[6][7][8] and in both the Afar and Oromo languages.[9][10]

History

Historians Avishai Ben-Dror and Mohammed Hassen both said that the term "Malak" has its roots in the fifteenth century within the context of the Adal Sultanate.[11][12] In the 1600s, the leader of the Imamate of Aussa was referred to as Malaq Adam b. Sadiq.[13]

This designation persisted in the successor states of Adal, including the Aussa Sultanate and the Emirate of Harar.[14][15][16]

Notable Malak

See also

References

  1. ^ Working Papers in African Studies. African Studies Programme, Department of Cultural Anthropology, University of Uppsala. p. 24.
  2. ^ Garad, Abdurahman. Harar Wirtschaftsgeschichte eines Emirats im Horn von Afrika (1825-75). P. Lang. p. 30.
  3. ^ Leslau, Wolf. Etymological dictionary of Harari. University of California Press. p. 107.
  4. ^ Nieuwazny, Adam. Civil Status Documents from Harar under Egyptian Administration (PDF). University of Warsaw. p. 45.
  5. ^ Kropp, Manfred (1990). "Mäläsay: Selbstbezeichnung Eines Harariner Offizierskorps und Ihr Gebrauch in Äthiopischen und Arabischen Chroniken". Paideuma. 36. Frobenius Institute: 111. JSTOR 40732663.
  6. ^ Cerulli, Enrico. Islam Yesterday and Today (PDF). p. 389.
  7. ^ Mukhtar, Mohamed. Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press. p. 143.
  8. ^ Lafkioui, Mena. African Arabic: Approaches to Dialectology. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 203.
  9. ^ Morin, Didier. Dictionnaire afar-français Djibouti, Erythrée, Ethiopie. Karthala. p. 688.
  10. ^ Abubaker, Abdulmalik. Trade For Peace Not For Conflict: Harari Experience (PDF). Haramaya University. p. 6.
  11. ^ Hassen, Mohammed. "Review work Futuh al habasa". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies: 180. JSTOR 27828848.
  12. ^ Ben-Dror, Avishai. Emirate, Egyptian, Ethiopian Colonial Experiences in Late Nineteenth-Century Harar. Syracuse University Press. p. 87.
  13. ^ Bosworth, Clifford. The New Islamic Dynasties A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. p. 138.
  14. ^ Anderson, David. Conservation in Africa Peoples, Policies and Practice. Cambridge University Press. p. 332.
  15. ^ Shack, William. The Central Ethiopians, Amhara, Tigriňa and Related Peoples. Routledge.
  16. ^ Harar history till 1875. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.