Enakalle
| Enakalle ππππ· | |
|---|---|
Stone tablet for the dedication of a temple, inscribed by Il, king of Umma, c. 2400 BC, and mentioning his father Eandamu, and his grandfather King Enakalle. Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago. | |
| King of Umma | |
| Reign | c. 2450 BC |
| Predecessor | Possibly Ush |
| Successor | Ur-Lumma |
| Issue | Ur-Lumma |
| Dynasty | 1st Dynasty of Umma |
Enakalle or Enakalli (Sumerian: ππππ·; fl.βc. 2450 BC) was the king of Umma, a Sumerian city-state, during the Early Dynastic III period (2600β2350 BC). His reign lasted at least 8 years.[1]
Enakalle in the cone of Entemena
Ush, who may have been his successor, attacked nearby Lagash after ripping out the stele of Mesilim, trying to take Gu-Edin, as recording in the Cone of Entemena.[2][3] Ush was severely defeated by Eannatum of Lagash, in a battle recorded in the Stele of the Vultures, losing 3,600 men in battle. Ush was then toppled and put to death by his own people.[4]
Enakalle, his successor, finally made a peace treaty with Eannatum of Lagash, as described in the Cone of Entemena:[2][3][4]
32β38
πππΎπΊ πΊπΌπ π’ππ·π πΊπππ΅ ππΌπ¨πΎ πΊπΌπ π’ππ·π π π€
e2-an-na-tum2 ensi2 lagaΕ‘ki pa-bil3-ga en-mete-na ensi2 lagaΕ‘ki-ka-ke4
"Eannatum, ruler of Lagash, uncle of Entemena, ruler of LagaΕ‘"
39β42
ππππ· πΊπΌπ ππ΅π π π πππ©
en-a2-kal-le ensi2 ummaki-da ki e-da-sur
"fixed the border with Enakalle, ruler of Umma"
Extract from the Cone of Enmetena, Room 236 Reference AO 3004, Louvre Museum.[5][6]
Enakalle in inscriptions
Ur-Lumma was the son of Enakalle, and his successor. He challenged Enannatum I, but was defeated by his successor Enmetena.[7][8]
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Inscription with the name of Enakalle, and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform.
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Votive plate of Queen Bara-irnum of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma", to God Shara, in gratitude for sparing her life.[10][11]
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"Enakalle" on the plate of queen Bara-irnun
References
- ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). Arcane III (PDF). BREPOLS. p. 75.
- ^ a b King 1994, pp. 126β128.
- ^ a b King & Hall 2006, pp. 171β173.
- ^ a b Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp. 74β76. ISBN 978-2-503-53494-7.
- ^ "Cone of Enmetena, king of Lagash". 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-02-27. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
- ^ "CDLI-Found Texts". cdli.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
- ^ Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). A History of the Ancient Near East: Ca. 3000-323 BC. Wiley. pp. 50β51. ISBN 9780631225522.
- ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp. 74β80. ISBN 978-2-503-53494-7.
- ^ "Louvre Museum Official Website". cartelen.louvre.fr.
- ^ Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.
- ^ Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins. Getty Publications. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-60606-649-2.
Sources
- King, Leonard W. (1994) [1st published 1910 by Chatto and Windus]. A History of Sumer and Akkad. Ripol Classic. ISBN 978-5-87664-034-5.
- King, L. W.; Hall, H. R. (1 February 2006) [1st published 1907]. Egypt and Western Asia in the Light of Recent Discoveries. Cosimo, Inc. ISBN 978-1-59605-763-0.