Bara-irnun
| Bara-irnun ππ π£ | |
|---|---|
Votive plate of Queen Bara-Irnun of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma, when Shara graciously appeared,the holy sanctum she built for him,and with her life, she presented (this plate) to Shara in his magnificent temple",
[1][2] Louvre Museum.[3] | |
| Queen consort of Umma | |
| Reign | c. 2400 BC |
| King | Gishakidu |
| Spouse | Gishakidu |
| Dynasty | 1st Dynasty of Umma |
Bara-irnun (ππ π£ bara-ir-nun; fl.βc. 2400 BC[1]) was a queen consort of the Sumerian city-state of Umma as wife of king Gishakidu. She is particularly known from a gold votive plate in which she describes her genealogy in great detail.[1] The inscription on the plate reads:
For (the god) Shara, lord of the E-mah: when Bara-irnun - wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma - had made Shara resplendent and had built him a holy throne, for her life, to Shara, in the E-Mah, she offered (this ornament).
The original royal line of Umma consisted in the filiation of Enakalle (possibly son of Ush) and his own son Ur-Lumma.[4][3] When Ur-Lumma died, presumably without a son but certainly with a daughter named Bara-irnum, the throne was handed over to Il, son of Eanandu (who had no regnal title) and grandson (or nephew) of Enakalle.[3][4] King Il was then succeeded by his own son Gishakidu.[3] Bara-irnum married her cousin Gishakidu, thus re-uniting both strands of the royal family by a marital alliance.[3][4]
The plaque is the first known mention of Shara, tutelary god of Umma.[1]
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Name of Bar-irnun on the plaque, and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform (ππ π£ bara-ir-nun)
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King Enakalle, grandfather of Bara-irnum, on the plate of queen Bara-irnun.
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King Gishakidu, husband of Bara-irnum
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King Ur-Lumma, father of Bara-irnum
References
- ^ a b c d e Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.
- ^ a b Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins. Getty Publications. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-60606-649-2.
- ^ a b c d e Thureau-Dangin, F. (1937). "Une tablette en or provenant d'Umma". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archΓ©ologie orientale. 34 (4): 177β182. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 23284119.
- ^ a b c Glassner, Jean-Jacques; Foster, Benjamin Benjamin Read (2005). Mesopotamian Chronicles. BRILL. pp. 104β105. ISBN 978-90-04-13084-5.