Dhammikaraja
| Dhammikaraja ธรรมิกราชา | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Ayodhya | |||||
| King of Xiān's Ayodhya | |||||
| Reign | 1165–1225 | ||||
| Predecessor | Sai Nam Peung | ||||
| Successor | Uthong II | ||||
| Born | 1150 Ayutthaya | ||||
| Died | 1225 (aged 75) Ayutthaya | ||||
| Consort | Siripajarajadevi | ||||
| |||||
| House | Sai Nam Peung or Sindhob Amarin | ||||
| Father | Sai Nam Peung | ||||
Dhammikaraja (Thai: ธรรมิกราชา) was the fourth sovereign of Xiān at Ayodhya.[2] His name is attested in the Ayutthaya Testimonies [3]: 37 , the Northern Chronicle,[4]: 46 and the 1225 Ayutthaya Royal Miscellaneous Laws (Phra Aiyakan Betset; พระอัยการเบ็ดเสร็จ or อายการเบดเสรจ).[1] He ascended the throne in 1165, succeeding his father, Sai Nam Peung, and reigned until around 1225.[2] The extant historical sources provide limited detail regarding his reign. Nevertheless, it is generally characterized as a period of economic prosperity and the flourishing of Theravāda Buddhism,[4]: 46 [5]: 105–6 as evidenced by the construction of several religious monasteries attributed to his patronage.[3]: 37 Dhammikaraja's principal consort was Queen Siripajarajadevi (ศิริปภาราชาเทวี); however, no record survives concerning royal offspring.[3]: 37 According to the Ayutthaya Testimonies, he ascended the throne at the age of fifteen, which suggests a birth year of approximately 1150.[3]: 37
Concurrently, during Dhammikaraja's reign, another dynastic line emerged, consisting of the brothers Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri and Uthong I, who originated in Lavo and established themselves in Soucouttae/Locontàï in the 1150s.[6][7]: 127 By 1157, they had shifted southward and assumed control over Singburi.[3]: 46 From this base, the lineage progressively consolidated authority over several polities in the western Menam basin: Suphannaphum in 1163[8]: 61 and Phrip Phri in 1188.[6] Dhammikaraja was then succeeded by Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri 's prince, Uthong II.[9]: 41 Some scholars further suggest that Uthong II may have entered into a matrimonial alliance with Dhammikaraja’s daughter.[2]
In the year 1182, during the reign of King Lý Cao Tông of Đại Việt, Xiān is recorded to have dispatched a tributary mission to the royal court, thereby affirming diplomatic engagement between the two realms.[10]
An alternative tradition recorded by Jeremias van Vliet describes him as a Chinese prince who had been exiled from China.[11]: 21 However, this account appears to conflict with other traditions: both the Northern Chronicle and the Ayutthaya Testimonies state that the father-in-law of Uthong II—whom some scholars have identified with Dhammikaraja—was a descendant of Sindhob Amarin (r. 937–996).[11]: 22
References
- ^ a b The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. (1978). Rūang Kotmāi trā 3 dūang [Three Seals Law] เรื่องกฎหมายตราสามดวง (in Thai). Bangkok: The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. p. 414. OCLC 934462978
- ^ a b c Sujit Wongthes (21 April 2023). "พงศาวดารอโยธยาศรีรามเทพนคร ฉบับ มานิต วัลลิโภดม : อโยธยา เก่าแก่กว่าสุโขทัย ต้นกำเนิดอยุธยา ต้นแบบรัตนโกสินทร์" [The Chronicles of Ayutthaya Sri Ramathep Nakhon, Manit Vallipodom Edition: Ayutthaya is older than Sukhothai, the origin of Ayutthaya, the prototype of Rattanakosin.]. www.silpa-mag.com (in Thai). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ^ a b c d e Phraya Pariyattithamthada (1968). Ayutthaya Testimonies (PDF) (in Thai). Rung Rueang Tham. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ a b Northern Chronicle
- ^ Thepthani, Phra Borihan (1953). Thai National Chronicles: the history of the nation since ancient times (in Thai). S. Thammasamakkhi. p. 30. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ a b Simon de La Loubère (1693). "Du royaume de Siam". ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 8 September 2025. Retrieved 8 September 2025.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Michael Smithies; Dhiravat na Pombejra (2022). "Instructions Given to the Siamese Envoys Sent to Portugal, 1684" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 90 (Part 1 & 2). Archived from the original on 2025-08-23. Retrieved 2025-09-15.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ David K. Wyatt (2020). "Relics, Oaths and Politics in Thirteenth-Century Siam". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 32 (1): 3–65. JSTOR 20072298. Archived from the original on 20 September 2025. Retrieved 15 September 2025.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Chatchai Sukrakarn (October 2005). "พระเจ้าศรีธรรมาโศกราช" [Sri Thammasokaraj] (PDF) (in Thai). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
- ^ "大越史記全書 《卷之四》" [The Complete Historical Records of Dai Viet "Volume 4"]. 中國哲學書電子化計劃 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
- ^ a b "การศึกษาวิจัยพระราชพงศาวดารกรุงเก่า" [Research study of the royal chronicles of Ayutthaya] (PDF). Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (in Thai). 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2026.