Calgary Centre

For the provincial electoral districts similarly named, see North Calgary and Calgary Centre (provincial electoral district).

Calgary Centre
Alberta electoral district
Interactive map of riding boundaries from the 2025 federal election
Coordinates:51°02′25″N 114°06′06″W / 51.04028°N 114.10167°W / 51.04028; -114.10167
Federal electoral district
LegislatureHouse of Commons
MP
 
 		 
Greg McLean
Conservative
District created1966
First contested1968
Last contested2025
District webpageprofile, map
Demographics
Population (2011)[1]108,931
Electors (2019)95,408
Area (km²)[1]49
Pop. density (per km²)2,223.1
Census divisionDivision No. 6
Census subdivisionCalgary (part)

Calgary Centre (French: Calgary-Centre; formerly known as Calgary South Centre) is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. The riding consists of many young adults who have a relatively high average household income and education level. As the riding encompasses the downtown core and large swaths of apartment blocks in the communities west and south of downtown, Calgary Centre has a low home ownership rate compared to the rest of Canada.

History

The original Calgary Centre was created in 1966 from parts of the former electoral districts of Calgary North and Calgary South. This riding was abolished in the 2003 Representation Order when parts of it went to the neighbouring electoral districts of Calgary North Centre and Calgary West and to Calgary South Centre. The latter was renamed Calgary Centre in 2004. When it was created in 2003 (as Calgary South Centre), it included 70,972 people from the abolished district of Calgary Centre, 38,889 people from Calgary West and 7,578 from Calgary Southwest.

The riding was notable at the 2000 federal election when residents elected former Prime Minister Joe Clark, representing the Progressive Conservatives, making the riding one of the few areas in Alberta that did not elect a candidate from the Canadian Alliance.

This riding lost territory to Calgary Signal Hill and gained territory from Calgary East during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Historical boundaries

  • 1966 representation order
  • 1976 representation order
  • 1987 representation order
  • 1996 representation order
  • 2003 representation order
  • 2013 representation order

Geography

The riding contains the neighbourhoods of Downtown Calgary, Beltline, Mission, Cliff Bungalow, Mount Royal, Elbow Park, Scarboro, Sunalta, Shaganappi, Killarney/Glengarry, Richmond, Bankview, South Calgary, Rutland Park, CFB - Currie, Lincoln Park, CFB - Lincoln Park, Altadore, North Glenmore Park, Britannia, Elboya, Windsor Park, Manchester, Bel-Aire, Mayfair, Meadowlark Park, Inglewood, Ramsay, Parkhill, Erlton, Rideau/Roxboro, Eau Claire, Chinatown, Downtown East Village

Demographics

Languages (2011): 73.19% English, 4.13% Chinese, 2.09% French, 2.04% Spanish, 1.76% Tagalog, 1.21% Arabic, 1.21% Korean
Religions (2001): 32.63% Protestant, 24.52% Catholic, 2.23% Christian Orthodox, 4.88% Other Christian, 2.60% Muslim, 1.09% Jewish, 1.04% Buddhist, 30.14% No religion
Median income (2005): $30,729

Panethnic groups in Calgary Centre (2011−2021)
Panethnic
group 		2021[2] 2016[3] 2011[4]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[a] 84,810 66.76% 82,985 71.85% 78,590 74.74%
East Asian[b] 9,690 7.63% 9,105 7.88% 8,380 7.97%
South Asian 7,415 5.84% 5,360 4.64% 3,375 3.21%
African 6,500 5.12% 4,335 3.75% 3,505 3.33%
Southeast Asian[c] 5,295 4.17% 4,065 3.52% 3,940 3.75%
Indigenous 4,170 3.28% 3,235 2.8% 2,580 2.45%
Middle Eastern[d] 3,670 2.89% 2,760 2.39% 1,885 1.79%
Latin American 3,415 2.69% 2,235 1.94% 1,995 1.9%
Other[e] 2,065 1.63% 1,415 1.23% 915 0.87%
Total responses 127,045 97.72% 115,495 96.91% 105,150 96.53%
Total population 130,010 100% 119,176 100% 108,931 100%
Notes: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.
Demographics based on 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution riding boundaries.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

Parliament Years Member Party
Calgary Centre
Riding created from Calgary North and Calgary South
28th  1968–1972     Douglas Harkness Progressive Conservative
29th  1972–1974 Harvie Andre
30th  1974–1979
31st  1979–1980
32nd  1980–1984
33rd  1984–1988
34th  1988–1993
35th  1993–1997     Jim Silye Reform
36th  1997–2000[nb 1] Eric Lowther
 2000–2000     Alliance
37th  2000–2003[nb 2]     Joe Clark Progressive Conservative
 2003–2004     Independent
38th  2004–2006     Lee Richardson Conservative
39th  2006–2008
40th  2008–2011
41st  2011–2012[nb 3]
 2012–2015 Joan Crockatt
42nd  2015–2019     Kent Hehr Liberal
43rd  2019–2021     Greg McLean Conservative
44th  2021–2025
45th  2025–present

Current member of Parliament

This seat is held by Greg McLean. McLean, a member of the Conservative Party of Canada, was first elected in the 2019 federal election.

Election results

Graph of election results in Calgary (South) Centre (minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)

Calgary Centre, 2006–present

2025 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Greg McLean 31,604 50.21 –0.71 $92,755.44
Liberal Lindsay Luhnau 28,824 45.79 +15.73 $105,155.31
New Democratic Beau Shaw 1,665 2.65 –13.77 $12,670.74
People's Robert Hawley 365 0.58 – none listed
Green Jayden Baldonado 362 0.58 –1.05 none listed
Neo Rhino Scott Fea 126 0.20 – none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit 62,946 99.39 – $136,676.30
Total rejected ballots 387 0.61 –0.24
Turnout 63,333 68.61 +5.88
Eligible voters 92,309
Conservative notional hold Swing –8.59
Source: Elections Canada[5][6][7]
2021 federal election redistributed results[8]
Party Vote %
  Conservative 27,761 50.92
  Liberal 16,391 30.06
  New Democratic 8,955 16.42
  Green 887 1.63
  Others 527 0.97
2021 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Greg McLean 30,375 51.30 –5.34 $66,265.71
Liberal Sabrina Grover 17,593 29.71 +2.73 $71,053.48
New Democratic Juan Estevez Moreno 9,694 16.37 +6.48 $3,174.97
Green Austin Mullins 971 1.64 –2.69 $415.62
Christian Heritage Dawid Pawlowski 575 0.97 +0.78 $4,650.00
Total valid votes/expense limit 59,208 99.15 – $122,167.91
Total rejected ballots 509 0.85 +0.27
Turnout 59,717 62.73 –5.47
Eligible voters 95,190
Conservative hold Swing –4.04
Source: Elections Canada[9][10][11]
2019 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Greg McLean 37,306 56.64 +11.34 $105,315.36
Liberal Kent Hehr 17,771 26.98 –19.54 $114,751.64
New Democratic Jessica Buresi 6,516 9.89 +4.32 $832.79
Green Thana Boonlert 2,853 4.33 +2.13 $7,973.82
People's Chevy Johnston 907 1.38 – $13,514.03
Animal Protection Eden Gould 247 0.38 – $1,717.18
Independent Michael Pewtress 138 0.21 – $1,189.15
Christian Heritage Dawid Pawlowski 126 0.19 – $4,427.07
Total valid votes/expense limit 65,864 99.42 – $119,599.33
Total rejected ballots 385 0.58 +0.21
Turnout 66,249 68.21 –1.89
Eligible voters 97,129
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +15.44
Source: Elections Canada[12][13][14]
2015 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Liberal Kent Hehr 28,496 46.52 +27.40 $190,509.57
Conservative Joan Crockatt 27,746 45.30 –10.07 $157,845.73
New Democratic Jillian Ratti 3,412 5.57 –9.59 $19,466.71
Green Thana Boonlert 1,347 2.20 –8.13 $3,584.84
Independent Yogi Henderson 248 0.40 – $1,203.28
Total valid votes/expense limit 61,249 99.63 – $222,181.20
Total rejected ballots 227 0.37 +0.04
Turnout 61,476 70.10 +40.78
Eligible voters 87,697
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +18.73
Source: Elections Canada[15][16][17]
2011 federal election redistributed results[18]
Party Vote %
  Conservative 22,949 55.37
  Liberal 7,926 19.12
  New Democratic 6,285 15.16
  Green 4,282 10.33
  Others 8 0.02
Canadian federal by-election, November 26, 2012
Resignation of Lee Richardson
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Joan Crockatt 10,191 36.87 –20.81 $95,251
Liberal Harvey Locke 9,033 32.68 +15.15 $97,025
Green Chris Turner 7,090 25.65 +15.72 $100,180
New Democratic Dan Meades 1,064 3.85 –11.01 $90,148
Independent Antony Tony Grochowski 141 0.51 – none listed
Libertarian Tony Prashad 121 0.44 – $255
Total valid votes/expense limit 27,640 99.67 – $102,128.86
Total rejected ballots 92 0.33 –0.20
Turnout 27,732 29.32 –25.96
Eligible voters 94,582
Conservative hold Swing –35.96
Source: Elections Canada[19][20]
2011 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Lee Richardson 28,401 57.68 +2.08 $80,024.11
Liberal Jennifer Pollock 8,631 17.53 –0.38 $51,736.72
New Democratic Donna Marlis Montgomery 7,314 14.86 +5.85 none listed
Green William Hamilton 4,889 9.93 –6.65 $30,244.10
Total valid votes/expense limit 49,235 99.47 – $93,844.88
Total rejected ballots 261 0.53 +0.04
Turnout 49,496 55.28 +2.12
Eligible voters 89,536
Conservative hold Swing +1.23
Source: Elections Canada[21][22][23]
2008 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Lee Richardson 26,085 55.60 +0.19 $72,164.70
Liberal Heesung Kim 8,402 17.91 –1.28 $34,351.42
Green Natalie Odd 7,778 16.58 +4.89 $28,381.24
New Democratic Tyler Kinch 4,229 9.01 –4.24 $9,881.23
Independent Antony Tony Grochowski 420 0.90 – none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit 46,914 99.52 – $90,676.99
Total rejected ballots 228 0.48 –0.02
Turnout 47,142 53.16 –8.86
Eligible voters 88,677
Conservative hold Swing +0.74
Source: Elections Canada[24][25][26]
2006 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Lee Richardson 30,213 55.41 +4.26 $76,319.07
Liberal Heesung Kim 10,464 19.19 –10.70 $36,321.50
New Democratic Brian Pincott 7,227 13.25 +4.76 $8,598.09
Green John N. Johnson 6,372 11.69 +1.76 $3,894.19
Canadian Action Trevor Grover 250 0.46 –0.08 none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit 54,526 99.50 – $87,076.98
Total rejected ballots 274 0.50 +0.11
Turnout 54,800 62.02 +4.48
Eligible voters 88,354
Conservative hold Swing +7.5
Source: Elections Canada[27][28][29]

Calgary South Centre, 2004–2005

2004 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Lee Richardson 26,192 51.15 -33.42 $78,167
Liberal Julia Turnbull 15,305 29.89 +20.06 $71,037
Green Phillip K. Liesemer 5,080 9.92 +7.88 $1,898
New Democratic Keith Purdy 4,350 8.49 +5.69 $4,667
Canadian Action Trevor Grover 274 0.53 * n/a
Total valid votes 51,201 100.00 - 6,041 –
Total rejected ballots 202 0.39 +0.02
Turnout 51,403 57.54 +0.76
Conservative hold Swing -23.21

Results based on redistributed results. Conservative Party change is compared to a combination of Progressive Conservative Party and Canadian Alliance totals.

Calgary Centre, 1966–2003

2000 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Progressive Conservative Joe Clark 26,358 46.05 +27.49 $67,789
Alliance Eric Lowther 22,054 38.53 –1.55 $72,436
Liberal Joanne Levy 5,630 9.84 –22.79 $45,827
New Democratic Don LePan 1,604 2.80 –3.25 $1,780
Green Michael Alvarez-Toye 1,170 2.04 +0.24 $1,062
Independent Beverley Smith 293 0.51 – $5,223
Marxist–Leninist Margaret Peggy Askin 133 0.23 –0.11 $284
Total valid votes 57,242 99.63
Total rejected ballots 213 0.37 –0.04
Turnout 57,455 56.78 –1.12
Eligible voters 101,181
Progressive Conservative gain from Reform Swing –14.5
Source: Elections Canada[30][31]
1997 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Reform Eric Lowther 19,936 40.08 –5.00 $66,910
Liberal Bev Longstaff 16,231 32.63 +2.40 $64,840
Progressive Conservative Rob Gray 9,230 18.56 +3.67 $59,080
New Democratic Duncan Green 3,011 6.05 +1.76 $8,377
Green Andrea Welling 893 1.80 +0.83 $173
Natural Law Roni Shapka 273 0.55 –0.16 none listed
Marxist–Leninist Margaret Peggy Askin 167 0.34 +0.16 $767
Total valid votes 49,741 99.59
Total rejected ballots 206 0.41 +0.05
Turnout 49,947 57.90 –0.03
Eligible voters 86,259
Reform hold Swing –3.70
Source: Elections Canada[32][33]
1993 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Reform Jim Silye 22,600 45.08 +32.65
Liberal S. Robert Blair 15,157 30.23 +18.51
Progressive Conservative Sean O'Neil 7,466 14.89 –38.83
New Democratic Cathie McCreary 2,149 4.29 –15.73
National Peter Hoff 1,743 3.48 –
Green Rebecca Matiowsky 484 0.97 –0.28
Natural Law Annie Anderson 355 0.71 –
Canada Party Bruce Jackman 92 0.18 –
Marxist–Leninist Margaret Peggy Askin 91 0.18 –
Total valid votes 50,137 99.64
Total rejected ballots 182 0.36 –0.10
Turnout 50,319 57.94 –14.54
Eligible voters 86,851
Reform gain from Progressive Conservative Swing +25.58
Source: Elections Canada[34][35][36]
1988 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Harvie Andre 28,794 53.72 –12.63
New Democratic Elaine Husband 10,731 20.02 +6.34
Reform John A. Hamilton 6,662 12.43 –
Liberal Bob Robinson 6,280 11.72 –4.13
Green Norman Conrad 670 1.25 –0.78
Libertarian John Gordon King 358 0.67 +0.19
Independent Margaret Peggy Askin 107 0.20 –
Total valid votes 53,602 99.54
Total rejected ballots 250 0.46 +0.02
Turnout 53,852 72.48 +3.75
Eligible voters 74,301
Progressive Conservative hold Swing –9.49
Source: Elections Canada[37][38][39]
1984 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Harvie Andre 24,924 66.35 +8.96
Liberal Karen Gainer 5,955 15.85 –14.06
New Democratic Susan Keeley 5,138 13.68 +4.45
Green Glen Staples 761 2.03 –
Confederation of Regions Jean Ferguson 604 1.61 –
Libertarian Joseph Kyriakakis 180 0.48 –
Total valid votes 37,562 99.56
Total rejected ballots 166 0.44 +0.10
Turnout 37,728 68.73 +14.79
Eligible voters 54,892
Progressive Conservative hold Swing +11.51
Source: Elections Canada[40][41][42]
1980 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Harvie Andre 18,610 57.39 –1.71
Liberal George Ho Lem 9,698 29.91 +1.72
New Democratic David Jones 2,994 9.23 –1.71
Rhinoceros Willy Samoil 766 2.36 –
Social Credit Tom Erhart 257 0.79 –0.60
Communist Casey Swann 58 0.18 –0.02
Marxist–Leninist Julie Northrup 43 0.13 –0.05
Total valid votes 32,426 99.66
Total rejected ballots 110 0.34 –0.00
Turnout 32,536 53.94 –12.63
Eligible voters 60,318
Progressive Conservative hold Swing –1.72
Source: Elections Canada[43][44][45]
1979 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Harvie Andre 22,124 59.10 –4.05
Liberal Frances Wright 10,555 28.19 +1.90
New Democratic Bohdan Harasymiw 4,095 10.94 +2.79
Social Credit Tom Erhart 522 1.39 –0.32
Communist Casey Swann 74 0.20 –0.25
Marxist–Leninist Julie Northrup 66 0.18 –0.06
Total valid votes 37,436 99.66
Total rejected ballots 128 0.34 –0.01
Turnout 37,564 66.57 –0.03
Eligible voters 56,426
Progressive Conservative hold Swing –2.98
Source: Elections Canada[46][47][48]
1974 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Harvie Andre 23,810 63.15 +9.85
Liberal Frances Wright 9,912 26.29 –4.53
New Democratic George McGuire 3,072 8.15 –4.87
Social Credit Clifford Menzies Willmott 646 1.71 –0.83
Communist David G. Whitefield 170 0.45 –
Marxist–Leninist Dean Magel 91 0.24 –
Total valid votes 37,701 99.65
Total rejected ballots 133 0.35 –1.35
Turnout 37,834 66.61 –8.79
Eligible voters 56,802
Progressive Conservative hold Swing +7.19
Source: Elections Canada[49][50]
1972 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Harvie Andre 22,669 53.30 +6.23
Liberal Nicholas Taylor 13,110 30.82 –15.42
New Democratic David Jones 5,538 13.02 +6.33
Social Credit Clifford Menzies Willmott 1,081 2.54 –
Independent Frank F. Cottingham 80 0.19 –
Independent Colin Constant 53 0.12 –
Total valid votes 42,531 98.30
Total rejected ballots 737 1.70 +1.05
Turnout 43,268 75.39 +3.94
Eligible voters 57,389
Progressive Conservative hold Swing +10.83
Source: Elections Canada[51][52]
1968 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Douglas Harkness 16,977 47.07 –
Liberal Nicholas Taylor 16,676 46.24 –
New Democratic Margaret I. Jackson 2,413 6.69 –
Total valid votes 36,066 99.34
Total rejected ballots 239 0.66 –
Turnout 36,305 71.46 –
Eligible voters 50,808
Progressive Conservative gain Swing –
Source: Elections Canada[53][54]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
  1. ^ The Reform Party merged with the Canadian Alliance Party on 27 March 2000.
  2. ^ Joe Clark did not join with other Progressive Conservatives in the merger with the Canadian Alliance to form the Conservative Party on 8 December 2003.
  3. ^ Lee Richardson resigned as MP on 30 May 2012 to accept an appointment as Principal Secretary to the Premier of Alberta. His successor was elected in a by-election on 26 November 2012.

References

  • "Calgary Centre (Code 48006) Census Profile". 2011 census. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 6, 2011.
  • 2011 results from Elections Canada
  • Canadian Census, 2001 profile of Calgary Centre
  • Canadian Census, 2001 profile of Calgary South Centre
  • Expenditures - 2000
  • Expenditures - 1997
  • SI/2003-154: Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act: Proclamation Declaring the Representation Order to be in Force Effective on the First Dissolution of Parliament that Occurs after August 25, 2004, Canada Gazette Part II, Vol. 137, No. 6 Extra, 29 August 2003
  • 2003 Representation Order Transposition of Population
  1. ^ a b Statistics Canada: 2011
  2. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  3. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  4. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  5. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (2025)". lop.parl.ca.
  6. ^ "Forty-Fifth General Election 2025 — Poll-by-poll Results:". elections.ca. Elections Canada. 2025.
  7. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (2025). "Candidate Campaign Returns, 2025 General Election: Part 3C – Summary of Electoral Campaign Expenses and Other Outflows – Election expenses subject to the limit – Total". elections.ca. Elections Canada. Expenses are reported "as amended" where amendments have been filed; otherwise, they are reported "as submitted".
  8. ^ "Transposition of Votes from the 44th General Election to the 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  9. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (2021)". lop.parl.ca.
  10. ^ "Forty-Fourth General Election 2021 — Poll-by-poll Results: Calgary Centre". elections.ca. Elections Canada. 2021.
  11. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (2021). "Candidate Campaign Returns, 2021 General Election: Part 3C – Summary of Electoral Campaign Expenses and Other Outflows – Election expenses subject to the limit – Total". elections.ca. Elections Canada. Expenses are reported "as amended" where amendments have been filed; otherwise, they are reported "as submitted".
  12. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (2019)". lop.parl.ca.
  13. ^ "Forty-Third General Election 2019 — Poll-by-poll Results: Calgary Centre". elections.ca. Elections Canada. 2019.
  14. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (2019). "Candidate Campaign Returns, 2019 General Election: Part 3C – Summary of Electoral Campaign Expenses and Other Outflows – Election expenses subject to the limit – Total". elections.ca. Elections Canada. Expenses are reported "as amended" where amendments have been filed; otherwise, they are reported "as submitted".
  15. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (2015)". lop.parl.ca.
  16. ^ "Forty-Second General Election 2015 — Poll-by-poll Results: Calgary Centre". elections.ca. Elections Canada. 2015.
  17. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (2015). "Candidate Campaign Returns, 2015 General Election: Part 4 – Campaign Financial Summary – Total election expenses subject to the limit". elections.ca. Elections Canada. Expenses are reported "as amended" where amendments have been filed; otherwise, they are reported "as submitted".
  18. ^ Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections
  19. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (2012)". lop.parl.ca.
  20. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (2013). Official Voting Results - By-elections November 26, 2012: Calgary Centre, Durham, Victoria (PDF) (Report). Ottawa: Elections Canada. ISBN 978-1-100-54490-8.
  21. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (2011)". lop.parl.ca.
  22. ^ "Forty-First General Election 2011 — Poll-by-poll Results: Calgary Centre". elections.ca. Elections Canada. 2011.
  23. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (2011). "Candidate Campaign Returns, 2011 General Election: Part 4 – Campaign Financial Summary – Total election expenses subject to the limit". elections.ca. Elections Canada. Expenses are reported "as amended" where amendments have been filed; otherwise, they are reported "as submitted".
  24. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (2008)". lop.parl.ca.
  25. ^ "Fortieth General Election 2008 — Poll-by-poll Results: Calgary Centre". elections.ca. Elections Canada. 2008.
  26. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (2008). "Candidate Campaign Returns, 2008 General Election: Part 4 – Campaign Financial Summary – Total election expenses subject to the limit". elections.ca. Elections Canada. Expenses are reported "as amended" where amendments have been filed; otherwise, they are reported "as submitted".
  27. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (2006)". lop.parl.ca.
  28. ^ "Thirty-Ninth General Election 2006 — Poll-by-poll Results: Calgary Centre". elections.ca. Elections Canada. 2006.
  29. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (2006). "Candidate Campaign Returns, 2006 General Election: Part 4 – Campaign Financial Summary – Total election expenses subject to the limit". elections.ca. Elections Canada. Expenses are reported "as amended" where amendments have been filed; otherwise, they are reported "as submitted".
  30. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (2000)". lop.parl.ca.
  31. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (2000). Thirty-Seventh General Election, 2000: Official Voting Results (Report). Ottawa: Elections Canada. ISBN 0-662-65518-4.
  32. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (1997)". lop.parl.ca.
  33. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (1997). Thirty-Sixth General Election, 1997: Official Voting Results (Report). Ottawa: Elections Canada.
  34. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (1993)". lop.parl.ca.
  35. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (1993). Thirty-Fifth General Election, 1993: Official Voting Results (Report). Ottawa: Elections Canada. ISBN 0-662-60097-5.
  36. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (1993). Thirty-Fifth General Election, 1993: Contributions and Expenses of Registered Political Parties and Candidates (Report). Ottawa: Elections Canada. ISBN 0-662-61265-5.
  37. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (1988)". lop.parl.ca.
  38. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (1988). Thirty-Fourth General Election, 1988: Report of the Chief Electoral Officer (Report). Ottawa: Elections Canada. ISBN 0-662-56648-3.
  39. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (1988). Thirty-Fourth General Election, 1988: Report of the Chief Electoral Officer - Respecting Election Expenses (Report). Ottawa: Elections Canada. ISBN 0-662-56925-3.
  40. ^ Canada, Library of Parliament (2026). "Elections and Ridings: Calgary Centre, Alberta (1984)". lop.parl.ca.
  41. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (1984). Thirty-Third General Election, 1984: Report of the Chief Electoral Officer (Report). Ottawa: Queen's Printer. ISBN 0-662-53477-8.
  42. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (1984). Thirty-Third General Election, 1984: Report of the Chief Electoral Officer - Respecting Election Expenses (Report). Ottawa: Queen's Printer. ISBN 0-662-53472-7.
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  44. ^ Canada, Chief Electoral Officer (1980). Thirty-Second General Election, 1980: Report of the Chief Electoral Officer (Report). Ottawa: Queen's Printer. ISBN 0-660-50630-0.
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