Bhavavarman II
| Bhavavarman II | |
|---|---|
| King of Chenla | |
| Reign | 639–657 AD |
| Predecessor | Isanavarman I |
| Successor | Jayavarman I |
| Died | 657 |
| Issue | Jayavarman I |
| Dynasty | Varman |
| Religion | Hindu |
Bhavavarman II (Khmer: ព្រះបាទភវវរ្ម័នទី២ ) Chinese: 撥婆跋摩; pinyin: Bópóbámó) was King of the Chenla Kingdom, predecessor polity of the Khmer Empire, from 639 to 657.
Biography
King Bhavavarman II reigned shortly from 639 to 657 AD between Isanavarman I and Jayavarman I. He was of unknown origin, neither the son nor the approved successor to Isanavarman I. He was the successor to the throne from King Isanvarman I (Khmer: ឦសានវម៌្មទី១), but there is no evidence as to whether he was the son of Ishavarman I. Scholars speculate that he may have been one of the princes in the royal family or was one of the sons of Issavaraman I, which still has no consensus on this assumption. He made many inscriptions, but none of them mentioned his history.[1][2]
Some scholars have suggested that Bhavavarman, identified in the Ban Wang Pai inscription (K. 978) discovered in Phetchabun Province, Thailand, as the son of Prathivindravarman, the ruler of Dvaravati Si Thep, should be identified with Bhavavarman II rather than Bhavavarman I (r. 580–598). This interpretation is based on palaeographic and stylistic features of the inscription, which indicate that it was likely composed after 627 CE.[3]: 20 This hypothesis is consistent with interpretations concerning the origins of Bhavavarman II's successor, Jayavarman I, who is described as the son of Chandravarman.[4]: 58 Chandravarman (旃陀越摩) has been identified in Chinese sources as the ruler of Gān Bì,[5][6] a polity that maintained dynastic relations with Xiū Luó Fēn and Gē Luó Shě Fēn (the expanded Si Thep) within the Dvaravati sphere.[7]: 54 However, according to the undated Wat Kut Tae Inscription (K. 1150), Bhavavarman II was a younger brother of Śivadatta of Jyeṣṭhapura (Prasat Mueang Phai ปราสาทเมืองไผ่), who was an elder son of Isanavarman I.[8]: 50–1
In this period, the Chinese leishu, Cefu Yuangui and the Book of Sui say that Chenla and the Zhū Jiāng Kingdom, one of the Dvaravati polities,[9] who allied via royal intermarriage, wage wars against Tou Yuan to the northwest,[10]: 16 [11] and successfully made it a vassal of Dvaravati in 647.[12]: 269 [13]: 15–16
When King Bhavavarman II died, King Jayavarman I, his son, succeeded to the throne. When King Jayavarman I died without a male heir, his granddaughter, Jayadevi, ascended to the throne. During this time, the Chenla was in full swing with political turmoil, and her reign was disputed, leading to the division of the state of Upper Chenla and Lower Chenla.[1]
References
- ^ a b Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (บ.ก.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- ^ សៀវភៅសិក្សាសង្គម ថ្នាក់ទី១០ ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ របស់ក្រសួងអប់រំយុវជននិងកីឡា ទំព័រទី១៤១
- ^ Kangwon Katchima (2019). "จารึกพระเจ้ามเหนทรวรมัน" [The inscriptions of king Mahendravarman] (PDF) (in Thai). Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Hoshino, Tatsuo (1996). "The Kingdom of Red Earth (Chitu Guo) in Cambodia and Vietnam from the Sixth to the Eighth Centuries" (PDF). Journal of The Siam Society. 84 (Part 2). Archived from the original on 2025-03-19. Retrieved 2026-01-13.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ New Book of Tang, Volume 222
- ^ "《钦定续通志卷六百三十七》". 中国哲学书电子化计划 (in Chinese). Retrieved 15 August 2025.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ^ Hoshino, T (2002). "Wen Dan and its neighbors: the central Mekong Valley in the seventh and eighth centuries.". In M. Ngaosrivathana; K. Breazeale (eds.). Breaking New Ground in Lao History: Essays on the Seventh to Twentieth Centuries. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. pp. 25–72.
- ^ Lavy, Paul A.; Clarke, Wesley (2015). "Integrating the Phong Tuek Viṣṇu: The Archaeology and Art History of a Forgotten Image". Journal of the Siam Society. 103.
- ^ "朱江". www.world10k.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 17 May 2025.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ^ "钦定四库全书: 册府元龟卷九百五十七宋王钦若等撰". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese).
- ^ Book of Sui, Volume 82 (in Chinese) Retrieved 17 May 2025.
- ^ Lawrence Palmer Briggs (1950). "The Khmer Empire and the Malay Peninsula". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 9 (3). Duke University Press: 256–305. doi:10.2307/2049556. JSTOR 2049556. Archived from the original on 17 May 2025. Retrieved 6 June 2025.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Geoffrey Goble (2014). "Maritime Southeast Asia: The View from Tang-Song China" (PDF). ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 1–19. ISSN 2529-7287. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-06-19.