678 BC

678 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	678 BC; DCLXXVIII BC
Ab urbe condita	76
Ancient Egypt era	XXV dynasty, 75
- Pharaoh	Taharqa, 13
Ancient Greek Olympiad (summer)	25th Olympiad, year 3
Assyrian calendar	4073
Balinese saka calendar	N/A
Bengali calendar	−1271 – −1270
Berber calendar	273
Buddhist calendar	−133
Burmese calendar	−1315
Byzantine calendar	4831–4832
Chinese calendar	壬寅年 (Water Tiger); 2020 or 1813; — to —; 癸卯年 (Water Rabbit); 2021 or 1814
Coptic calendar	−961 – −960
Discordian calendar	489
Ethiopian calendar	−685 – −684
Hebrew calendar	3083–3084
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	−621 – −620
- Shaka Samvat	N/A
- Kali Yuga	2423–2424
Holocene calendar	9323
Iranian calendar	1299 BP – 1298 BP
Islamic calendar	1339 BH – 1338 BH
Javanese calendar	N/A
Julian calendar	N/A
Korean calendar	1656
Minguo calendar	2589 before ROC; 民前2589年
Nanakshahi calendar	−2145
Thai solar calendar	−135 – −134
Tibetan calendar	ཆུ་ཕོ་སྟག་ལོ་; (male Water-Tiger); −551 or −932 or −1704; — to —; ཆུ་མོ་ཡོས་ལོ་; (female Water-Hare); −550 or −931 or −1703

The year 678 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 76 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 678 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

Phraortes becomes king of the Medes (according to the chronology proposed by Igor Diakonoff)^[1]
Chu soldiers invade Zheng (according to the Zuo Zhuan)^[2]
King Wen of Chu conquers the state of Deng.
King Xi of Zhou used his royal clout to give legitimacy to Wu of Quwo as the rightful duke of Jin^[3]
The state of Jin became the first to maintain a standing army^[4]
Jin–Quwo wars end (739–678 BCE), dynastic struggles between two branches of Jin's ruling house^[5]
Kaštaritu is mentioned as "King of the Medes" in an inscription^[6]
According to Herodotus, Ecbatana was chosen as the Medes' capital by Deioces, the first ruler of the Medes.
Deioces united the Median tribes of Media and made the first Iranian Empire.
Chu had conquered most of the Nanyang Basin
Nekauba becomes pharaoh of the twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt^[7]

November

Two solar eclipses occur on the 1st and the 30th^[8]

Deaths

approximate date of death of Perdiccas I, king of Macedon
Min, Marquis of Jin^[9]
Duke Wu of Qin, ruler of the state of Qin, had 66 people sacrificed and buried with him^[10]^[11]

References

^ Medvedskaya, Inna N.; Dandamayev, Muhammad A. (2006). "MEDIA". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. Retrieved 15 November 2025.
^ Zhao, Dingxin (2015-09-22). The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History. Oxford University Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-19-046361-8.
^ Blakeley, Barry B. (1979), "Functional disparities in the socio-political traditions of Spring and Autumn China: Part III: Ch'u and Chin", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 22 (1): 81–118, doi:10.2307/3632147, JSTOR 3632147
^ Zhao, Dingxin (2015-10-16). The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History: A New Theory of Chinese History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-935174-9.
^ Dillon, Michael (2016). Encyclopedia of Chinese History. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 872. ISBN 9781317817161. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ Howorth, Henry H. (16 April 1892), "The Beginnings of Persian History", The Academy, vol. XLI, London, retrieved 8 June 2015
^ Priese, Karl-Heinz. Der Beginn der Kuschitischen Herrschaft in Ägypten, ZÄS 98 (1970), pp. 16–32.
^ "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: −0699 to −0600". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
^ Sima, Qian. "House of Jin". Records of the Grand Historian. Vol. 39.
^ Sima Qian. 秦本纪 [Annals of Qin]. Records of the Grand Historian (in Chinese). guoxue.com. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
^ Han, Zhaoqi (2010). "Annals of Qin". Annotated Shiji (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company. pp. 356–362. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3.

[1] Medvedskaya, Inna N.; Dandamayev, Muhammad A. (2006). "MEDIA". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. Retrieved 15 November 2025.

[2] Zhao, Dingxin (2015-09-22). The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History. Oxford University Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-19-046361-8.

[3] Blakeley, Barry B. (1979), "Functional disparities in the socio-political traditions of Spring and Autumn China: Part III: Ch'u and Chin", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 22 (1): 81–118, doi:10.2307/3632147, JSTOR 3632147

[4] Zhao, Dingxin (2015-10-16). The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History: A New Theory of Chinese History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-935174-9.

[5] Dillon, Michael (2016). Encyclopedia of Chinese History. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 872. ISBN 9781317817161. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

[6] Howorth, Henry H. (16 April 1892), "The Beginnings of Persian History", The Academy, vol. XLI, London, retrieved 8 June 2015

[7] Priese, Karl-Heinz. Der Beginn der Kuschitischen Herrschaft in Ägypten, ZÄS 98 (1970), pp. 16–32.

[8] "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: −0699 to −0600". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.

[9] Sima, Qian. "House of Jin". Records of the Grand Historian. Vol. 39.

[shiji-10] Sima Qian. 秦本纪 [Annals of Qin]. Records of the Grand Historian (in Chinese). guoxue.com. Retrieved 1 May 2012.

[han-11] Han, Zhaoqi (2010). "Annals of Qin". Annotated Shiji (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company. pp. 356–362. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3.

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