2028 in spaceflight

2028 in spaceflight
The rotorcraft Dragonfly probe to Titan is planned to be launched in 2028.
2028 in spaceflight

This article documents expected notable spaceflight events during the year 2028.

NASA plans to launch the Artemis IV mission, which will land astronauts near the south pole of the Moon. It is expected to be the first mission to land humans on the Moon since 1972.

NASA also plans to launch Dragonfly, a robotic rotorcraft probe which will explore Saturn's moon Titan,[1] and Space Reactor‑1 Freedom (SR-1 Freedom), a nuclear electric propulsion spacecraft which will send Skyfall—three Ingenuity-class helicopters—to Mars.[2]

Russia expects to launch the Luna 26 lunar orbiter in 2028.

Chang'e 8, the last mission before China’s moon base begins construction, is planned to launch.

The first uncrewed flight of Orel, Russia's replacement for the crewed Soyuz spacecraft, is scheduled for 2028.

India plans to launch the first module for the Bharatiya Antariksha Station in 2028.[3] India also plans to launch the Chandrayaan-4 and LUPEX lunar missions.

ESA expects to launch the Rosalind Franklin rover to Mars on an American commercial launch vehicle.[4]

Orbital launches

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks


March

29 March [5] LVM3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Venus Orbiter Mission (Shukrayaan) ISRO Cytherocentric Venus orbiter  
Q1 (TBD)[6][7] H3 Tanegashima LA-Y2 MHI
MBR Explorer UAESA Heliocentric Asteroid flyby and landing  
Emirates Mission to the Asteroid Belt (EMA).

April

April (TBD)[8] H3 Tanegashima LA-Y2 MHI
DESTINY+[9] JAXA Heliocentric Asteroid flyby  
Ramses ESA/JAXA Heliocentric Asteroid probe  
⚀ Satis ESA Heliocentric Asteroid flyby  
DESTINY+ and Ramses aims to conduct flybys of 99942 Apophis. DESTINY+ also aims to conduct a flyby of 3200 Phaethon in 2030.


June

Q2 (TBD)
[10] 		Falcon 9 Block 5 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
TBA TBA Geosynchronous TBA  
Dedicated SmallSat Rideshare mission to GTO orbit by SEOPS (SEOPS GTO Rideshare 1).
H1 (TBD)[11] SLS Block 1 Kennedy LC-39B NASA
Artemis IV NASA Selenocentric Crewed lunar landing  
Third crewed Orion flight and first crewed lunar landing since Apollo 17 in 1972.

July

5–25 July[1] Falcon Heavy Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
Dragonfly NASA Heliocentric (to Saturn) Exploration of Titan  
Rotorcraft probe to fly in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan.
July (TBD)[14] Epsilon S Uchinoura JAXA
Solar-C JAXA Low Earth (SSO) Heliophysics  
Extreme Ultraviolet High-Throughput Spectroscopic Telescope Epsilon Mission.[12][13]

August

August (TBD)[15] TBA TBA TBA
SAOCOM-2A CONAE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  

September

Q3 (TBD)[16] Vulcan Centaur Cape Canaveral SLC-41 ULA
LDPE-5 (ROOSTER-5/GAS-T) U.S. Space Force Geosynchronous Technology demonstration  
Tetra-6 U.S. Space Force Geosynchronous Technology demonstration  
USSF-70 Mission.

October

October (TBD)[17] VLM-1 Alcântara Space Center IAE / DLR
TBA TBA Low Earth TBA  
Maiden VLM flight.
October (TBD)[19] TBA Kennedy TBA
TBA ESA TMI to Martian surface Mars lander  
Rosalind Franklin ESA TMI to Martian surface Mars rover  
ExoMars mission. Delayed and retooled due to the suspension of ESA–Russia cooperation on ExoMars.[18]

November

November (TBD)[20][21] Epsilon S Uchinoura JAXA
OPENS-0 JAXA Heliocentric (to Saturn) Saturn flyby  
Aims to conduct a flyby of the rings of Saturn in 2039.

December

December (TBD) [22][23] Amur / Fregat-M Vostochny Site 2A Roscosmos
GVM-M Roscosmos Low Earth Mass simulator  
Sfera × ?[24] Roscosmos Low Earth Communications  
Maiden flight of Amur (Soyuz-7), a partially reusable methane-powered launch vehicle.
December (TBD)[2] Falcon Heavy (presumed) Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
SR‑1 Freedom NASA Areocentric Technology demonstration  
Skyfall × 3 NASA Areocentric to Martian surface Mars aircraft  
Space Reactor‑1 Freedom (SR‑1 Freedom) will be NASA's first nuclear reactor in space since SNAP-10A in 1965. Spacecraft includes an advanced closed Brayton cycle reactor, the Power and Propulsion Element, and Skyfall, composed of three Ingenuity-class helicopters.
Q4 (TBD)[11] SLS Block 1 Kennedy LC-39B NASA
Artemis V NASA Selenocentric Crewed lunar landing  
Second crewed lunar landing of the Artemis program.
Q4 (TBD)[25][26] Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Baikonur Site 31/6 Roscosmos
Universal Node Module Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Space station module  
The Universal Node Module (UUM) will be a core module of the Russian Orbital Station (ROS).
Q4 (TBD)[27][28] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
CRISTAL (Sentinel-9) ESA Low Earth (Polar) Earth observation  
Part of the European Space Agency's Copernicus Programme.
Q4 (TBD)
[29] 		TBA Cape Canaveral TBA
MTO NASA Areocentric Mars Orbiter  

To be determined

2028 (TBD)[31] Angara A5 / DM-03 Plesetsk or Vostochny RVSN RF
Kosmos
(GLONASS-V 13L (V №3)) 		VKS Highly elliptical Navigation  
Kosmos
(GLONASS-V 14L (V №4)) 		VKS Highly elliptical Navigation  
Two pairs of GLONASS-V satellites will be launched via Angara A5.[30]
2028 (TBD)[31] Angara A5 / DM-03 Plesetsk or Vostochny RVSN RF
Kosmos
(GLONASS-V 15L (V №5)) 		VKS Highly elliptical Navigation  
Kosmos
(GLONASS-V 16L (V №6)) 		VKS Highly elliptical Navigation  
Two pairs of GLONASS-V satellites will be launched via Angara A5.[30]
2028 (TBD)[32][33] Angara A5 Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel Roscosmos Low Earth Flight test  
First uncrewed test flight of Russia's new crewed spacecraft, Orel. First launch of Angara A5 from Vostochny.
2028 (TBD)[32][35] Angara A5P Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Flight test  
First flight of the Angara A5P, a crew-rated variant of the Angara A5.[34] An uncrewed Orel capsule will be sent to the International Space Station to test docking procedures.
2028 (TBD)[32][36][34] Angara A5P Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Crewed flight test  
Crewed flight test of the Orel capsule to the International Space Station.
2028 (TBD)
[37] 		Angara A5M Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel-ROS Roscosmos Low Earth (ROS) TBA  
Crewed flight to ROS.
2028 (TBD)[38][39] Ariane 62 or Vega-C[40] Kourou ELA-4 or ELV Arianespace
ROSE-L (Sentinel-12) ESA Low Earth (Polar) Earth observation  
Part of the European Space Agency's Copernicus Programme.
2028 (TBD)[42] Falcon 9 Block 5 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
Al Yah 5 Yahsat Geosynchronous Communications  
Replacement for Yahsat 1B (Al Yah 2).[41]
2028 (TBD)[43] Vulcan Centaur VC2S Cape Canaveral SLC-41 ULA
GPS IIIF-03 (GPS III-13) U.S. Space Force Medium Earth Navigation  
USSF-15 Mission.
2028 (TBD)[44] Vulcan Centaur Cape Canaveral SLC-40 ULA
GPS IIIF-04 (GPS III-14) U.S. Space Force Medium Earth Navigation  
USSF-88 Mission.
2028 (TBD)
[45] 		Falcon Heavy Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
EchoStar-26 EchoStar Geosynchronous Communications  
2028 (TBD)[46] H3 Tanegashima LA-Y2 MHI
Himawari 10 JMA Geosynchronous Meteorology  
2028–29 (TBD)[47][48] H3 Tanegashima LA-Y2 MHI
LUPEX Lander ISRO TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander  
LUPEX Rover JAXA TLI to lunar surface Lunar rover  
Lunar Polar Exploration (LUPEX) Mission. It is also Known as Chandrayaan-5.
2028 (TBD)[49] Long March 5 Wenchang LC-1 CASC
Chang'e 8 Lander CNSA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar lander
ISRU demonstration		  
Chang'e 8 Rover CNSA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar rover  
TBA SUPARCO / CNSA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar rover  
TBA TBA / CNSA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar rover  
2028 (TBD)
[50] 		TBA Satish Dhawan ISRO
Exoworlds ISRO Low Earth Visible Astronomy  
2028 (TBD)[3] LVM3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Bharatiya Antariksha Station-B1 ISRO Low Earth Space station module  
First module for ISRO's Bharatiya Antariksha space station.
2028 (TBD)[51] HLVM 3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Gaganyaan-5 / H2 ISRO Low Earth Crewed spaceflight  
India's second crewed spaceflight.
2028 (TBD)[52] HLVM 3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Gaganyaan-6 / G4 ISRO Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics  
India's first resupply mission to ISS.
2028 (TBD)[52] HLVM 3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Gaganyaan-7 / G5 ISRO Low Earth (BAS) Resupply Spacecraft  
India's first resupply mission to BAS.
2028 (TBD)[53][54] LVM3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
GSAT-22 NSIL Geosynchronous Communications  
2028 (TBD)[53] LVM3 Satish Dhawan ISRO
GSAT-23 ISRO Geosynchronous Communications  
2028 (TBD)[55][56] PSLV-XL Satish Dhawan ISRO
DISHA-H ISRO Low Earth Aeronomy  
DISHA-L ISRO Low Earth Aeronomy  
Disturbed and quite-type Ionosphere System at High Altitude (DISHA) satellite constellation with two satellites.
2028 (TBD)[57] PSLV Satish Dhawan ISRO
AHySIS-2 ISRO Low Earth Earth observation  
Follow-up to HySIS hyperspectral Earth imaging satellite.
2028 (TBD)[58] PSLV Satish Dhawan ISRO
Resourcesat-3A ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[58] PSLV Satish Dhawan ISRO
Resourcesat-3S[59] ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[60][61] GSLV Mk II Satish Dhawan ISRO
GSAT-7B ISRO Geosynchronous Communications  
2028 (TBD)[62][61] GSLV Mk II Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
GSAT-7C ISRO Geosynchronous Communications  
2028 (TBD)[63] GSLV Mk II Satish Dhawan ISRO
IDRSS-2 ISRO Geosynchronous Communications  
Second of two Satellite for Indian Data Relay satellite System.
2028 (TBD)[64] Long March 2C Jiuquan SLS-2 CASC
Macau Science-2A MUST Low Earth Space weather  
Macau Science-2B MUST Low Earth Space weather  
2028 (TBD)[65] Long March 4B Taiyuan LC-9 CASC
CBERS 6 CASC / INPE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[66] Long March 4B Taiyuan LC-9 CASC
HaiYang 2N Ministry of Natural Resources Low Earth Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[66][67] Long March 4B TBA CASC
HaiYang 3C[68] Ministry of Natural Resources Geosynchronous Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[66][67] Long March TBA TBA CASC
HaiYang 3D[69] Ministry of Natural Resources Geosynchronous Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[66] Long March TBD TBA CASC
Fengyun 4E CMA Geosynchronous Meteorology  
2028 (TBD)[66] Long March TBD Wenchang CASC
Fengyun 5C CMA Geosynchronous Meteorology  
2028 (TBD)[70] Long March TBD Wenchang CASC
Lunar Remote Sensing CMSA Selenocentric Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[71] PSLV-XL Satish Dhawan ISRO
Relay Mars Orbiter ISRO Areocentric Mars orbiter  
Mars Lander Mission (Mangalyaan 2).
2028 (TBD)[71] LVM 3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
MLM Lander ISRO Areocentric to Martian Surface Mars lander  
MLM Rover ISRO Areocentric to Martian Surface Mars rover  
MLM Helicopter ISRO Areocentric to Martian Surface Mars Helicopter  
Mars Lander Mission (Mangalyaan 2).
2028 (TBD)[72] New Glenn Cape Canaveral LC-36 Blue Origin
Habitat One (Hab-1)[73] Axiom Space Low Earth Space habitat  
Second Axiom Station module to be launched, nominally on New Glenn (with Falcon Heavy as backup).
2028 (TBD)[74] Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
RBKA №1 Roscosmos / National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Low Earth Earth observation  
RBKA will follow in the footsteps of BKA (Belarusian Satellite), which launched along with Kanopus-V 1 and several other satellites in July 2012.
2028 (TBD)
[75][76] 		Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Plesetsk Site 43 RVSN RF
Kosmos
(GLONASS-K2 28L (K2 №7)) 		VKS Medium Earth Navigation  
2028 (TBD)
[75][77] 		Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Plesetsk Site 43 RVSN RF
Kosmos
(GLONASS-K2 29L (K2 №8)) 		VKS Medium Earth Navigation  
2028 (TBD)
[75][78] 		Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Plesetsk Site 43 RVSN RF
Kosmos
(GLONASS-K2 30L (K2 №9)) 		VKS Medium Earth Navigation  
2028 (TBD)[31] Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Plesetsk Site 43 RVSN RF
Kosmos
(GLONASS-V 11L (V №1)) 		VKS Highly elliptical Navigation  
First of six satellites in highly elliptical orbits. Two will be launched on two Soyuz-2.1b launch vehicles.[30]
2028 (TBD)[31] Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Plesetsk Site 43 RVSN RF
Kosmos
(GLONASS-V 12L (V №2)) 		VKS Highly elliptical Navigation  
Second Soyuz-2.1b launch for the GLONASS-V constellation.[30]
2028 (TBD)[79] Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
Luna 26 Roscosmos Selenocentric Lunar orbiter  
Luna-Glob mission.
2028 (TBD)[80] Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
Meteor-M №2-6[81] Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology  
2028 (TBD)
[82] 		Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
Progress-ROS Roscosmos Low Earth (ROS) TBA  
Cargo flight to ROS.
2028 (TBD)[83] Starship TBA SpaceX
Starlab Starlab Space Low Earth Space station  
Starlab Space is a joint venture between Voyager Space (Nanoracks) and Airbus.
2028 (TBD)[85][86] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
CO2M-B (Sentinel-7B) ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
Second satellite of the Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring mission.[84] Part of the European Space Agency's Copernicus Programme.
2028 (TBD)[87] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
MERLIN CNES / DLR Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation of atmospheric methane  
2028 (TBD)[27] Vega-C[88] Kourou ELV Arianespace
Sentinel-2D[89] ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
Fourth Sentinel-2 satellite.
2028 (TBD)[27] Vega-C[88] Kourou ELV Arianespace
Sentinel-3D[90] ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
Fourth Sentinel-3 satellite.
2028 (TBD)[91] TBA TBA TBA
Blue Ghost M3 NASA / Firefly TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander  
Elytra Dark Firefly Selenocentric Lunar orbiter  
Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) mission delivering payloads to the Gruithuisen Domes.
2028 (TBD)[92][93] TBA Baikonur or Vostochny Roscosmos
Ekspress-40 RSCC Geosynchronous Communications  
Replacement for Ekspress-AM7 at 40° East.
2028 (TBD)[94] Falcon 9 Block 5 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
JSAT-31 SKY Perfect JSAT Geosynchronous Communications  
2028 (TBD)
[95] 		TBA Cape Canaveral TBA
HelioSwarm Hub NASA Low Earth Research  
HelioSwarm Node × 8 NASA Low Earth Research  
2028 (TBD)[96] TBA TBA TBA
Genesis ESA Low Earth Satellite geodesy  
Aims to greatly improve the International Terrestrial Reference Frame.
2028 (TBD)[97] TBA TBA TBA
Nyx The Exploration Company Low Earth Reusable spacecraft  
Demonstration mission for The Exploration Company's reusable cargo spacecraft, Nyx.


Suborbital flights

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
March (TBD)[98] Improved Orion Esrange MORABA / SNSA
REXUS-39 DLR / SNSA Suborbital Education  
March (TBD)[98] Improved Orion Esrange MORABA / SNSA
REXUS-40 DLR / SNSA Suborbital Education  
October (TBD)[98] Red Kite/Red Kite Esrange MORABA
MAPHEUS-19 DLR Suborbital Microgravity research  
November (TBD)[98] VSB-30 Esrange MORABA
TEXUS-65 DLR / ESA Suborbital Microgravity research  
November (TBD)[98] VSB-30 Esrange MORABA
TEXUS-66 DLR / ESA Suborbital Microgravity research  

Deep-space rendezvous

Date (UTC) Spacecraft Event Remarks
18 April 2028 Lucy Flyby of asteroid 11351 Leucus Target altitude 1000 km
June 2028 Hayabusa2 Flyby of Earth[99] Gravity assist
11 November 2028 Lucy Flyby of asteroid 21900 Orus Target altitude 1000 km

Extravehicular activities (EVAs)

Start date/time Duration End time Spacecraft Crew Remarks

Orbital launch statistics

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.


Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures
World 0 0 0 0

By rocket

By family

Family Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By type

Rocket Country Family Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By configuration

Rocket Country Type Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By spaceport

Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By orbit

Orbital regime Launches Achieved Not achieved Accidentally
achieved 		Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth 0 0 0 0
Geosynchronous / transfer 0 0 0 0
Medium Earth 0 0 0 0
High Earth 0 0 0 0
Heliocentric orbit 0 0 0 0 Including planetary transfer orbits

Expected maiden flights

References

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