1991 Nepal census

1991 Nepal Census
1991
General information
CountryNepal
AuthorityCentral Bureau of Statistics
Websitewww.cbs.gov.np
Results
Total population18,491,097 (23.09%)
Most populous Development RegionCentral (6,183,955)[1]
Least populous Development RegionFar-Western (1,679,301)[1]

The 1991 Nepal census was the 9th national census of Nepal. The census was conducted by Central Bureau of Statistics. It was the first census to formally collect data about caste and ethnicity. According to the census the total population of Nepal was 18,491,097.[1]

Working with Nepal's Village Development Committees at a district level,[2] they recorded data from all the main towns and villages of each district of the country. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.[3]

This census was followed by the 2001 Nepal census.

Key findings

The key findings of 1991 census are as follows:[1][4]

Total population 18,491,097
Intercensal change 3,468,258
Intercensal change percentage 23.09%
Annual growth rate 2.08%
Population density (per km2) 125.6
Male population 9,220,974
Female population 9,270,123
Gender ratio 99.5
Literacy rate 39.6%

Population distribution

Population by ecological region (1991)[1][5][6]
Ecological region Population Percentage (%) Sex ratio Annual growth rate (%) Population density (per km2)
Mountain 1,443,130 7.8 98.43 1.02 27.85
Hill 8,419,889 45.5 95.34 1.61 137.25
Terai 8,628,078 46.7 103.85 2.75 253.58
Nepal 18,491,097 100 99.47 2.08 125.63
Population by development region (1991)[1][5][6]
Development region Population Percentage (%) Sex ratio Annual growth rate (%) Population density (per km2)
Eastern 4,446,749 24.05 100 1.81 156.25
Central 6,183,955 33.44 104 2.31 225.61
Western 3,770,678 20.39 93 1.87 128.26
Mid-Western 2,410,414 13.04 99 2.09 56.87
Far-Western 1,679,301 9.08 96 2.41 85.95
Nepal 18,491,097 100 99 2.08 125.63

Population by district

Population by district (1991)[7][6]
S.N Eco-Development

Region[a]

District Population Sex ratio Annual growth

rate (%)

Density (per km2)
1 Eastern Mountain Taplejung 120,053 95 -0.06 32.9
2 Sankhuwasabha 141,903 96 0.92 40.8
3 Solukhumbu 97,200 97 0.97 29.4
4 Eastern Hill Panchthar 175,206 97 1.31 141.2
5 Ilam 229,214 101 2.51 134.6
6 Dhankuta 146,386 97 1.20 164.3
7 Tehrathum 102,870 95 1.07 151.5
8 Bhojpur 198,784 93 0.31 131.9
9 Okhaldhunga 139,457 95 0.13 129.9
10 Khotang 215,965 94 0.16 135.7
11 Udayapur 221,256 98 3.25 107.3
12 Eastern Terai Jhapa 593,737 102 2.13 369.7
13 Morang 674,823 103 2.33 363.8
14 Sunsari 463,481 102 2.96 368.7
15 Saptari 465,668 103 2.06 341.6
16 Siraha 460,746 105 2.05 387.8
17 Central Mountain Dolakha 173,236 96 1.40 (1.54)[b] 79.1
18 Rasuwa 36,744 107 1.95 23.8
19 Sindhupalchok 261,025 101 1.16 (1.05)[b] 102.7
20 Central Hill Ramechhap 188,064 93 1.53 (1.40)[b] 121.7
21 Kavrepalanchok 324,329 97 0.54 (0.79)[b] 232.3
22 Nuwakot 245,260 99 1.89 (1.53)[b] 218.8
23 Dhading 278,068 98 1.33 (1.61)[b] 144.4
24 Kathmandu 675,341 108 4.70 (4.60)[b] 1,709.7
25 Lalitpur 257,086 103 3.32 (2.53)[b] 667.8
26 Bhaktapur 172,952 100 0.79 (1.80)[b] 1,453.4
27 Makwanpur 314,599 103 2.56 129.7
28 Sindhuli 223,900 99 1.98 89.9
29 Central Terai Dhanusha 543,672 107 2.28 (2.36)[b] 460.7
30 Mahottari 440,146 107 1.98 (1.89)[b] 439.3
31 Sarlahi 492,798 107 2.12 391.4
32 Rautahat 414,005 107 2.19 367.7
33 Bara 415,718 107 2.64 349.3
34 Parsa 372,524 108 2.70 275.3
35 Chitwan 354,488 98 3.11 159.8
36 Western Mountain Manang 5,363 108 -2.69 2.4
37 Mustang 14,292 109 1.00 4.0
38 Western Hill Gorkha 252,524 92 0.80 70.0
39 Lamjung 153,697 90 0.06 90.8
40 Tanahun 268,073 90 1.82 173.4
41 Syangja 293,526 86 0.77 252.2
42 Kaski 292,945 93 2.81 145.2
43 Baglung 232,486 87 0.77 130.3
44 Myagdi 100,552 90 0.37 43.8
45 Parbat 143,547 86 1.12 290.6
46 Gulmi 266,331 83 1.12 231.8
47 Arghakhanchi 180,884 87 1.40 151.6
48 Palpa 236,313 87 0.97 172.1
49 Western Terai Nawalparasi 436,217 99 3.45 201.8
50 Rupandehi 522,150 103 3.20 383.9
51 Kapilvastu 371,778 106 3.20 213.9
52 Mid-Western Mountain Jumla 75,964 103 0.99 30.0
53 Humla 34,383 106 5.27 (1.80)[b] 6.1
54 Mugu 36,364 104 -1.84 (0.30)[b] 10.3
55 Kalikot 88,805 101 0.13 (1.08)[b] 51.0
56 Dolpa 25,013 103 1.26 3.2
57 Mid-Western Hill Pyuthan 175,469 87 1.07 134.1
58 Rolpa 179,621 92 0.66 95.6
59 Rukum 155,554 98 1.61 54.1
60 Jajarkot 113,958 101 1.38 51.1
61 Dailekh 187,400 99 1.18 (1.24)[b] 124.8
62 Salyan 181,785 98 1.78 (1.23)[b] 124.3
63 Surkhet 225,768 98 3.06 (3.01)[b] 92.1
64 Mid-Western Terai Dang 354,413 98 2.85 119.9
65 Banke 285,604 102 3.77 (3.80)[b] 122.2
66 Bardiya 290,313 107 3.30 (3.71)[b] 143.4
67 Far-Western Mountain Bajura 92,010 96 2.00 (1.18)[b] 42.1
68 Bajhang 139,092 92 1.15 40.7
69 Darchula 101,683 97 1.20 43.8
70 Far-Western Hill Achham 198,188 89 0.68 (0.64)[b] 118.0
71 Doti 167,168 93 0.88 (0.89)[b] 82.6
72 Dadeldhura 104,647 93 1.86 68.0
73 Baitadi 200,716 92 1.14 132.1
74 Far-Western Terai Kailali 417,891 101 4.83 (4.82)[b] 129.2
75 Kanchanpur 257,906 102 4.23 160.2
Nepal 18,491,097 99 2.08 125.6

Population by caste/ethnicity

Population by caste/ethnicity (1991)[8][9][7]
S.N. Caste/ethnicity Poulation Percentage (%)
1 Chhetri/Kshetri 2,968,082 16.05
2 Brahmin-Hill (Bahun) 2,388,455 12.92
3 Magar 1,339,308 7.24
4 Tharu 1,194,224 6.46
5 Newar 1,041,090 5.63
6 Tamang 1,018,252 5.51
7 Kami 963,655 5.21
8 Yadav 765,137 4.14
9 Muslim 653,055 3.53
10 Rai 525,551 2.84
11 Gurung 449,189 2.43
12 Damai/Dholi 367,989 1.99
13 Thakuri 299,473 1.62
14 Limbu 297,186 1.61
15 Sarki 276,224 1.49
16 Teli 250,732 1.36
17 Kushwaha 205,797 1.11
18 Chamar/Harijan/Ram 203,919 1.10
19 Sanyasi 181,726 0.98
20 Kurmi 166,718 0.90
21 Brahmin-Terai 162,886 0.88
22 Sudhi/Kalwar 162,046 0.88
23 Musahar 141,980 0.77
24 Dhanuk 136,944 0.74
25 Mallaha 110,413 0.60
26 Sherpa 110,358 0.60
27 Baniya 101,868 0.55
28 Kewat 101,482 0.55
29 Dushad/Paswan/Pasi 93,242 0.50
30 Rajbanshi 82,177 0.44
21 Kumal 76,635 0.41
32 Dhobi 76,594 0.41
33 Kumhar 72,008 0.39
34 Kanu 70,634 0.38
35 Khatwe 66,612 0.36
36 Rajput 55,712 0.30
37 Majhi 55,050 0.30
38 Kayastha 53,545 0.29
39 Danuwar 50,754 0.27
40 Halwai 44,417 0.24
41 Sunuwar 40,943 0.22
42 Chepang (Praja) 36,656 0.20
43 Rajbhar 33,433 0.18
44 Marwadi 29,173 0.16
45 Gangai 22,526 0.12
46 Thami 19,103 0.10
47 Dhimal 16,781 0.09
48 Thakali 13,731 0.07
49 Bhote 12,463 0.07
50 Darai 10,759 0.06
51 Punjabi/Sikh 9,292 0.05
52 Bengali 7,909 0.04
53 Badi 7,082 0.04
54 Bote 6,718 0.04
55 Jirel 4,889 0.03
56 Lepcha 4,826 0.03
57 Gaine 4,484 0.02
58 Raji 3,274 0.02
59 Raute 2,878 0.02
60 Churaute 1,778 0.01
Others-Terai 627,514 3.39
Others-Hill 184,216 1.00
Others-Mountain 1,741 0.01
No caste (Foreigners) 2,951 0.02
Not stated 4,858 0.03
Total 18,491,097 100

Population by language

Languages by number of native speakers (1991)[9][10][7]
S.N. Language Number of speakers Percentage (%)
1 Nepali 9,302,880 50.31
2 Maithili 2,191,900 11.85
3 Bhojpuri 1,379,717 7.46
4 Tharu 993,388 5.37
5 Tamang 904,456 4.89
6 Newar 690,007 3.73
7 Rai, Kirat 439,312 2.38
8 Magar 430,264 2.30
9 Awadhi 374,635 2.03
10 Gurung 227,918 1.23
11 Limbu 254,088 1.37
12 Urdu 202,208 1.09
13 Hindi 170,997 0.92
14 Bhote, Sherpa 121,819 0.66
15 Rajbansi 85,558 0.46
16 Bengali/Bangla 27,712 0.15
17 Satar 25,302 0.14
18 Chepang 25,097 0.14
19 Danuwar 23,721 0.13
20 Rajasthani 16,514 0.09
21 Jhangar/Dhanga 15,175 0.08
22 Dhimal 15,014 0.08
23 Thami 14,400 0.08
24 Majhi 11,322 0.06
25 Santhali 8,030 0.04
26 Thakali 7,113 0.04
27 Darai 6,520 0.04
28 Jirel 4,229 0.02
29 Raji 2,959 0.02
30 English 2,784 0.02
31 Kumal 1,413 0.01
32 Byansi 1,314 0.01
Other local language 495,862 2.68
Other foreign language 8,309 0.04
Not stated 9,157 0.05
Total 18,491,097 100

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Development regions further sub-divided according to ecological belts.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Values in parentheses are annual growth rates adjusted for 1982 district boundary changes.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f POPULATION MONOGRAPH OF NEPAL VOLUME I (Population Dynamics) (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. 2014. ISBN 978-9937-2-8971-9.
  2. ^ "Nepal Census 2001". Nepal's Village Development Committees. Digital Himalaya. Archived from the original on 2008-10-12. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
  3. ^ "1991 Nepal census". Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2014-01-08.
  4. ^ नेपालमा जनगणना [Census in Nepal] (PDF) (in Nepali). National Statistics Office (NSO), Nepal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-07-14.
  5. ^ a b Population Monograph of Nepal 2003. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. 2003.
  6. ^ a b c "CHAPTER II POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND GROWTH". Population Monograph of Nepal 1995 (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. 1995.
  7. ^ a b c "National Population Census 1991, Statistical Tables" (ZIP (HTML Tables)). National Statistics Office (NSO), Nepal.
  8. ^ Niroula, Badri P. (January 1998). "Caste/ethnic composition of population of Nepal". Contributions to Nepalese Studies. 25. Kathmandu, Nepal: Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies (CNAS), Tribhuvan University (TU).
  9. ^ a b Sharma, Pitamber (2014). SOME ASPECTS OF NEPAL’S SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY (PDF). Social Science Baha & Himal Books. ISBN 978 9937 597 14 2.
  10. ^ Gurung, Harka (1997). "Linguistic Demography of Nepal" (PDF). CNAS Journal. 24.


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