1952-54 Nepal census

1952-54 Nepal Census
1952-54
Map of Nepal (1952)
General information
CountryNepal
AuthorityDepartment of Statistics
Results
Total population8,256,625 (31.40%)

The 1952-54 Nepal census was the 5th national census and first modern census of Nepal. It was conducted after the advent of the democracy in 1951. The census recorded a total population of 8,256,625.[1][2]

The census was conducted by the then Department of Statistics (Sankhya Bibhag) that had been established in 1950. The department was established with a core of five officers who had received training on census methods at the International Training Center on Censuses and Statistics sponsored by the United Nations and the Government of India, in New Delhi in 1949.[1]

The census was planned taking into consideration the concepts recommended by the U.N. for the world census of 1950. The Census was carried out in two stages: the Eastern part of the country except Mahottari District was enumerated in 1952 whereas the Western part and Mahottari District were enumerated in 1954.[3]

Key findings

The key findings of 1952-54 census are as follows:[1][2]

Total population 8,256,625
Intercensal change 1,972,976
Intercensal change percentage 31.40%
Annual growth rate 2.30%
Population density (per km2) 56.1
Male population 4,050,607[a]
Female population 4,184,472[a]
Gender ratio 96.8
Literacy rate 5.3%

Population distribution

Population by ecological region (1952-54)[1][4]
Ecological region Population Percentage (%)
Mountain & Hill 5,349,988 64.8
Terai[b] 2,906,637 35.2
Nepal 8,256,625 100

There were nine regions in Nepal during the time of 1952-54 census. Population figures for those regions are as follows:

Population by region (1952-54)[5]
Region Population Percentage (%)
Eastern Hills 1,708,816 20.70
Eastern Inner Terai 189,228 2.29
Eastern Terai 1,806,049 21.87
Kathmandu Valley 410,995 4.98
Central Inner Terai 239,677 2.90
Western Hills 3,229,177 39.11
Western Inner Terai 89,315 1.08
Western Terai 348,179 4.22
Far Western Terai 235,189 2.85
Nepal 8,256,625 100

Population by district

In the 1952-54 census, districts referred to revenue districts, known as Mal or Ilaka. There were 54 such revenue districts in Nepal at that time. Due to the lack of clear border demarcation, parts of some districts were enumerated under other districts. For the census purposes, the districts of Kathmandu Valley were further subdivided into urban and rural blocks.[6][7]

Population by district (1952-54)[5][2]
S.N Region District name District name in Nepali Population
1 Eastern Hills Sindhupalchok सिन्धुपाल्चोक 174,630
2 Kabhrepalanchok काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक 187,685
3 Dolakha दोलखा 125,384
4 Chisankhu (Ramechhap) चिसङ्खु (रामेछाप) 116,577
5 Chisankhu (Okhaldhunga) चिसङ्खु (ओखलढुङ्गा) 145,147
6 Majhkirat माझकिरात 120,168
7 Bhojpur भोजपुर 229,231
8 Tehrathum तेह्रथूम 375,246[c]
9 Chhathum छथूम 121,900
10 Ilam इलाम 112,848
11 Eastern Inner Terai Sindhuli सिन्धुली 100,663
12 Udayapur उदयपुर 88,565
13 Eastern Terai Parsa पर्सा 114,107
14 Bara बारा 210,007
15 Rautahat रौतहट 189,223
16 Sarlahi सर्लाही 134,340
17 Mahottari महोत्तरी 418,436
18 Siraha सिराहा 176,747
19 Hanumannagar हनुमाननगर 254,285
20 Biratnagar विराटनगर 228,746
21 Jhapa झापा 80,158
22 Kathmandu Valley Kathmandu (urban) काठमाडौँ (शहर) 105,247
23 Kathmandu (rural) काठमाडौँ (गाँउ) 88,535
24 Lalitpur (urban) ललितपुर (शहर) 41,334
25 Lalitpur (rural) ललितपुर (गाँउ) 92,419
26 Bhaktapur (urban) भक्तपुर (शहर) 32,118
27 Bhaktapur (rural) भक्तपुर (गाँउ) 51,342
28 Central Inner Terai Chisapani चिसापानी 180,554[d]
29 Chitawan चितवन 42,724
30 Nawalpur नवलपुर 16,399
31 Western Hills Nuwakot नुवाकोट 147,496
32 Dhading धादिङ 133,562
33 Gorkha गोरखा 135,975
34 Tanahun तनहुँ 113,677
35 Lamjung लम्जुङ 125,329
36 Kaski कास्की 111,747
37 Syangja स्याङ्जा 317,785
38 Palpa पाल्पा 147,551
39 Gulmi गुल्मी 272,805
40 Baglung बाग्लुङ 207,538
41 Pyuthan प्यूठान 198,138
42 Salyan सल्यान 375,507
43 Dailekh दैलेख 259,834
44 Jumla जुम्ला 165,298
45 Doti डोटी 315,168
46 Baitadi बैतडी 132,148
47 Dadeldhura डडेल्धुरा 69,619
48 Western Inner Terai Deukhuri देउखुरी 38,789
49 Dang दाङ 50,526
50 Western Terai Palhi पाल्ही 81,158
51 Majhkhanda माझखण्ड 117,575
52 Khajahani खजहनी 116,039
53 Shivaraj शिवराज 33,407
54 Far Western Terai Banke बाँके 82,449
55 Bardiya बर्दिया 58,389
56 Kailali कैलाली 76,606
57 Kanchanpur कञ्चनपुर 17,745
Nepal नेपाल 8,256,625

Population by language

The 1952-54 census recorded details for 53 languages/dialects[8] but final tabulations were made only for 36 languages. There were significant problems while collecting details of Terai languages. Often the answer for the question about language was Dehati, which is not an actual language rather a generic term for rural dialects of various languages spoken in Terai region. These Dehati (rural Terai) dialects were classified according to the region.[6]

Languages by number of native speakers (1952-54)[5]
S.N. Language Number of native speakers Percentage (%)
1 Nepali 4,013,567 48.74
2 Maithili Pradesh Dialects[e][f] 617,443 7.50
4 Tamang/Lama 494,745 6.01
5 Eastern Terai Dialects[e][g] 460,946 5.60
6 Newari 383,184 4.65
7 Tharu 359,594 4.37
8 Maithili 300,768 3.65
9 Magar 273,780 3.32
10 Western Terai Dialects[e] 259,015 3.15
11 Rai Kirat 236,049 2.87
12 Gurung 162,192 1.97
13 Limbu 145,511 1.77
14 Morang Pradesh Dialects[e][h] 106,569 1.29
15 Hindi 80,181 0.97
16 Bhote, Sherpa 70,132 0.85
17 Far Western Terai Dialects[e] 69,446 0.84
18 Rajbanshi/Tajpuriya 35,543 0.43
19 Urdu 32,545 0.40
20 Sunuwar 17,299 0.21
21 Satar 16,751 0.20
22 Bhojpuri 16,335 0.20
23 Chepang 14,261 0.17
24 Thami 10,240 0.12
25 Bengali 9,375 0.11
26 Danuwar 9,138 0.11
27 Majhi 5,729 0.07
28 Dhimal 5,671 0.07
29 Jhangar 4,812 0.06
30 Marwadi 4,244 0.05
31 Kumhale/Kumal 3,510 0.04
32 Thakali 3,307 0.04
33 Darai 3,084 0.04
34 Jirel 2,721 0.03
35 Byansi 1,786 0.02
36 Raji 1,514 0.02
Other languages 3,340 0.04
Unknown 752 0.01
Total 8,235,079[a] 100

Notes

  1. ^ a b c 21,546 individual census schedules were damaged by rain during transport and therefore excluded from tabulations of many individual and economic characteristics.
  2. ^ Including Inner Terai
  3. ^ Parts of Ilam were enumerated under Tehrathum.
  4. ^ Parts of Dhading and Lalitpur were enumerated under Chisapani.
  5. ^ a b c d e Dehati (rural Terai) dialects
  6. ^ Dialects spoken in the districts of Hannumanagar, Siraha, Mahottari and Sarlahi.
  7. ^ Dialects spoken in the districts of Rautahat, Bara and Parsa.
  8. ^ Dialects spoken in the districts of Jhapa and Biratnagar.

References

  1. ^ a b c d POPULATION MONOGRAPH OF NEPAL VOLUME I (Population Dynamics) (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. 2014. ISBN 978-9937-2-8971-9.
  2. ^ a b c नेपालमा जनगणना [Census in Nepal] (PDF) (in Nepali). National Statistics Office (NSO), Nepal. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-14.
  3. ^ "National Population Census 1952-1954". National Statistics Office (NSO), Nepal.
  4. ^ Population Monograph of Nepal 2003. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. 2003.
  5. ^ a b c "National Population Census 1952-54 Statistical Tables" (ZIP (HTML Tables)). National Statistics Office (NSO), Nepal.
  6. ^ a b "National Population Census 1952-1954, Report (in English)". National Statistics Office (NSO), Nepal.
  7. ^ "जनगणना २००९-११ टिप्पणी". National Statistics Office, Nepal (in Nepali).
  8. ^ Gurung, Harka (1997). "Linguistic Demography of Nepal" (PDF). CNAS Journal. 24.

See also


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