1990 Andalusian regional election
23 June 1990
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All 109 seats in the Parliament of Andalusia 55 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Registered | 5,007,675 3.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 2,771,330 (55.3%) 15.4 pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Constituency results map for the Parliament of Andalusia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A regional election was held in Andalusia on Saturday, 23 June 1990, to elect the 3rd Parliament of the autonomous community. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election.
The candidate for the PSOE, Manuel Chaves, was invested as President of the Regional Government of Andalusia for the first time, after winning the election with an absolute majority of seats. He would remain in the presidency of this autonomous community for the longest period of time than any of his predecessors, not stepping down from office until 2009.
Overview
Under the 1981 Statute of Autonomy, the Parliament of Andalusia was the unicameral legislature of the homonymous autonomous community, having legislative power in devolved matters, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1]
Electoral system
Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights, provided that they were not sentenced—by a final court ruling—to deprivation of the right to vote, nor being legally incapacitated.[2][3][4]
The Parliament of Andalusia was entitled to a minimum of 90 and a maximum of 110 seats, with the electoral law setting its size at 109. All members were elected in eight multi-member constituencies—corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville, with each being allocated an initial minimum of eight seats and the remaining 45 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other)—using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional voting system, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes (which included blank ballots) being applied in each constituency.[2][5] The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.[6]
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Parliament constituency was entitled the following seats:[7]
| Seats | Constituencies |
|---|---|
| 18 | Seville |
| 16 | Málaga(+1) |
| 15 | Cádiz |
| 13 | Córdoba, Granada |
| 12 | Jaén(–1) |
| 11 | Almería, Huelva, |
The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacated seats; instead, any vacancies that occurred after the proclamation of candidates and into the legislative term were to be covered by the successive candidates in the list and, when required, by the designated substitutes.[8][9]
Election date
The term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the scheduled date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia (BOJA), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication (amendments earlier in 1990 barred any election date within from 1 July to 31 August).[2][10][11] The previous election was held on 22 June 1986, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 22 June 1990. However, due to the ban on summer elections, the election decree was required to be published in the BOJA no later than 1 May 1990, with the election taking place up to the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest legal possible date for election day on Saturday, 30 June 1990.
The Parliament could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament.[12]
The election to the Parliament of Andalusia was officially called on 30 April 1990 with the publication of the corresponding decree in the BOJA, setting election day for 23 June and scheduling for the chamber to reconvene on 16 July.[7]
Outgoing parliament
The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of the election call.[13]
| Parliamentary groups | Parties | Legislators | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Total | ||||
| Socialist Parliamentary Group | PSOE–A | 60 | 60 | ||
| Andalusian People's Parliamentary Group | PP | 19 | 19 | ||
| United Left Parliamentary Group | PCA–PCE | 13 | 17 | ||
| FP | 2 | ||||
| PASOC | 1 | ||||
| INDEP | 1 | ||||
| Mixed Group | PA | 2 | 13 | ||
| PCPA | 1 | ||||
| BOCA | 1[b] | ||||
| INDEP | 9[c] | ||||
Parties and candidates
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[14][15]
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
| Candidacy | Parties and alliances |
Leading candidate | Ideology | Previous result | Gov. | Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vote % | Seats | ||||||||
| PSOE–A | List |
Manuel Chaves | Social democracy | 47.0% | 60 | ||||
| PP | List
|
Gabino Puche | Conservatism Christian democracy |
22.2% [a] |
28 | ||||
| IU–CA | List
|
Luis Carlos Rejón | Socialism Communism |
17.8% | 19 | ||||
| PA | List
|
Pedro Pacheco | Andalusian nationalism Social democracy |
5.9% | 2 | ||||
Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout | ARM | Lead | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 regional election | 23 Jun 1990 | N/a | 55.3 | 49.6 62 |
[d] | 12.7 11 |
10.8 10 |
1.2 0 |
22.2 26 |
0.6 0 |
27.4 |
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo | 17 Jun 1990 | ? | ? | 47.5 58 |
[d] | – | – | – | 21.5 26 |
– | 26.0 |
| Opina/La Vanguardia[p 1][p 2] | 11–13 Jun 1990 | 2,504 | 60–65 | 44.6 54/58 |
[d] | 13.6 13 |
16.8 17/19 |
1.9 0 |
20.0 19/24 |
– | 24.6 |
| Gruppo/ABC[p 3] | 11–13 Jun 1990 | 3,200 | ? | 46.8 58/60 |
[d] | 14.6 14/16 |
10.2 8/11 |
2.7 0 |
22.2 24/27 |
– | 24.6 |
| Demoscopia/El País[p 4] | 7–12 Jun 1990 | 3,200 | 69 | 46.3 58/61 |
[d] | 12.7 12/14 |
12.3 9/10 |
– | 21.6 27 |
– | 24.7 |
| GGC Research/Rato[p 5] | 6–8 Jun 1990 | 3,150 | ? | 46.8 57/63 |
[d] | 14.3 13/15 |
10.3 8/10 |
– | 21.3 25/27 |
– | 25.5 |
| Gruppo/ABC[p 6] | 25–28 May 1990 | 1,000 | ? | 46.6 59/61 |
[d] | 14.2 14/15 |
10.1 8/9 |
2.8 0 |
22.0 26/28 |
– | 24.6 |
| Demoscopia/El País[p 7][p 8] | 23–27 May 1990 | 3,200 | ? | 46.8 58/60 |
[d] | ? 14/15 |
? 9/11 |
– | ? 26/27 |
– | ? |
| Opina/La Vanguardia[p 9] | 3–5 May 1990 | ? | ? | 42.7 | [d] | 13.1 | 15.6 | 2.3 | 22.3 | – | 20.4 |
| Sociología Andaluza/PCA[p 10] | 25 Apr 1990 | 2,000 | ? | 45.7 | [d] | 14.4 | 12.8 | – | 20.8 | – | 24.9 |
| CIS[p 11] | 8 Apr 1990 | ? | ? | ? 54/56 |
[d] | ? 15 |
? 10 |
? 0 |
? 24 |
– | ? |
| Sociología Andaluza/PCA[p 10] | 25 Feb 1990 | 2,500 | ? | 47.9 | [d] | 14.1 | 12.1 | – | 17.9 | – | 30.0 |
| Insight/PP[p 12][p 13] | 5–19 Feb 1990 | 3,894 | ? | ? 53/57 |
[d] | ? 19 |
? 8/10 |
– | ? 27/30 |
– | ? |
| 1989 general election | 29 Oct 1989 | N/a | 69.3 | 52.5 (67) |
[d] | 12.0 (12) |
6.2 (3) |
4.7 (2) |
20.2 (25) |
1.5 (0) |
32.3 |
| 1989 EP election | 15 Jun 1989 | N/a | 52.8 | 50.3 (70) |
[d] | 9.0 (8) |
10.4 (9) |
4.1 (1) |
16.1 (20) |
4.1 (1) |
34.2 |
| PCA[p 14] | 1–11 Feb 1989 | 816 | ? | 38.4 44/46 |
[d] | 18.8 20/21 |
? 10 |
– | ? 25/28 |
– | ? |
| Metra Seis/PA[p 15] | 15 Jan 1988 | ? | ? | ? 46 |
? 20/21 |
? 16 |
? 19/20 |
? 7 |
– | – | ? |
| 1987 EP election | 10 Jun 1987 | N/a | 65.8 | 48.3 (63) |
21.3 (27) |
10.8 (10) |
5.6 (3) |
7.2 (6) |
– | – | 27.0 |
| 1987 local elections | 10 Jun 1987 | N/a | 66.7 | 43.7 | 19.7 | 14.3 | 7.1 | 7.0 | – | – | 24.0 |
| 1986 regional election | 22 Jun 1986 | N/a | 70.7 | 47.0 60 |
22.2[a] 28 |
17.8 19 |
5.9 2 |
3.3 0 |
– | – | 24.8 |
Results
Overall
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 1,368,576 | 49.60 | +2.56 | 62 | +2 | |
| People's Party (PP)1 | 611,903 | 22.18 | +0.01 | 26 | −2 | |
| United Left–Assembly for Andalusia (IU–CA) | 349,659 | 12.67 | −5.14 | 11 | −8 | |
| Andalusian Party (PA) | 296,613 | 10.75 | +4.89 | 10 | +8 | |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 32,654 | 1.18 | −2.08 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Ruiz-Mateos Group (ARM) | 15,637 | 0.57 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2 | 14,813 | 0.54 | −0.97 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Socialist Democracy (DS) | 14,499 | 0.53 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Greens of Andalusia (VA) | 13,979 | 0.51 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Ecologist Greens (LVE) | 12,651 | 0.46 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) | 6,300 | 0.23 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) | 2,401 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 2,312 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 1,869 | 0.07 | −0.14 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Andalusian Front of Liberation (FAL) | 1,633 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Alliance for the Republic (AxR) | 698 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) | 560 | 0.02 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Andalusian Centrist Unity (UCA) | 230 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 12,024 | 0.44 | +0.07 | |||
| Total | 2,759,011 | 109 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 2,759,011 | 99.56 | +1.05 | |||
| Invalid votes | 12,319 | 0.44 | −1.05 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 2,771,330 | 55.34 | −15.37 | |||
| Abstentions | 2,236,345 | 44.66 | +15.37 | |||
| Registered voters | 5,007,675 | |||||
| Sources[13][16][17] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
Distribution by constituency
| Constituency | PSOE–A | PP | IU–CA | PA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | |
| Almería | 50.0 | 7 | 28.5 | 3 | 9.0 | 1 | 6.6 | − |
| Cádiz | 46.6 | 8 | 15.5 | 2 | 10.0 | 1 | 21.6 | 4 |
| Córdoba | 47.3 | 7 | 20.7 | 3 | 18.8 | 2 | 9.3 | 1 |
| Granada | 48.9 | 7 | 27.9 | 4 | 11.8 | 1 | 6.2 | 1 |
| Huelva | 55.8 | 7 | 22.2 | 2 | 9.3 | 1 | 8.2 | 1 |
| Jaén | 51.8 | 7 | 27.2 | 4 | 11.5 | 1 | 5.6 | − |
| Málaga | 49.3 | 9 | 22.0 | 4 | 14.6 | 2 | 8.8 | 1 |
| Seville | 50.4 | 10 | 19.5 | 4 | 12.5 | 2 | 13.6 | 2 |
| Total | 49.6 | 62 | 22.2 | 26 | 12.7 | 11 | 10.7 | 10 |
| Sources[13][16][17] | ||||||||
Aftermath
Government formation
| Investiture Nomination of Manuel Chaves (PSOE–A) | ||
| Ballot → | 24 July 1990 | |
|---|---|---|
| Required majority → | 55 out of 109 | |
Yes
|
62 / 109
| |
47 / 109
| ||
| Abstentions | 0 / 109
| |
| Absentees | 0 / 109
| |
| Sources[13] | ||
Notes
- ^ a b c Results for AP–PDP–PL in the 1986 election.
- ^ Cristóbal Jiménez, former PCPA legislator.
- ^ José F. Lorca, Antonio Fernández Jurado and Gonzalo Rodríguez, former AP legislators; Miguel del Pino, Vicente Fernández-Capel, Luis F. Plaza and Juan Santaella, former PDP legislators; Antonio Hernández Caire, Roberto Sáenz, former PL legislators.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Within PP.
References
Opinion poll sources
- ^ "Los socialistas mantienen su mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 June 1990.
- ^ "El PSOE conserva su mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 June 1990.
- ^ "El PSOE baja en votos, pero mantiene la mayoría absoluta, según un sondeo de Gruppo para ABC". ABC (in Spanish). 16 June 1990.
- ^ "El PSOE mantiene la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 17 June 1990.
- ^ "Una encuesta de la Rato otorga mayoría absoluta al PSOE-A". ABC (in Spanish). 14 June 1990.
- ^ "El clima electoral es estable, a pesar de los escándalos políticos". ABC (in Spanish). 7 June 1990.
- ^ "El PSOE revalida su mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 3 June 1990.
- ^ "Chaves, futuro presidente". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 4 June 1990.
- ^ "Peligra la mayoría absoluta del PSOE en las elecciones autonómicas andaluzas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 13 May 1990.
- ^ a b "El PSOE roza la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía, según encuestas del PCA". El País (in Spanish). 25 April 1990.
- ^ "El PSOE rozaría la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía, según una encuesta del CIS". ABC (in Spanish). 8 April 1990.
- ^ "El PSOE puede perder la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía y PP, IU y PA están al alza". ABC (in Spanish). 24 March 1990.
- ^ "El PSOE podría perder la mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento andaluz, según una encuesta del PP". ABC (in Spanish). 24 March 1990.
- ^ "Una encuesta del PCA refleja que el PSOE perdería la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 5 April 1989.
- ^ "El PA duda entre Rojas Marcos y Pacheco para la candidatura a la Junta de Andalucía". ABC (in Spanish). 15 January 1988.
Other
- ^ Statute (1981), arts. 25 & 30.
- ^ a b c Statute (1981), arts. 26 & 28.
- ^ LEAn (1986), art. 2.
- ^ LOREG (1985), arts. 2–3.
- ^ LEAn (1986), arts. 16–18.
- ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Dublin: Trinity College Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- ^ a b Decreto del Presidente 122/1990, de 29 de abril, por la que se convoca Elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía (PDF) (Decree 122/1990). Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia (in Spanish). 29 April 1990. Retrieved 14 March 2026.
- ^ LEAn (1986), art. 19.
- ^ LOREG (1985), arts. 46 & 48.
- ^ LEAn (1986), art. 14.
- ^ LOREG (1985), art. 42.
- ^ LGAn (1990), art. 14.
- ^ a b c d Lozano, Carles. "Elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía (desde 1982)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 October 2025.
- ^ LEAn (1986), arts. 22–23.
- ^ LOREG (1985), art. 44.
- ^ a b "Electoral Results Consultation. Parliament of Andalusia. June 1990. Andalusia totals". juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Regional Government of Andalusia. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
- ^ a b "Parliament of Andalusia election results, 23 June 1990" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Central Electoral Commission. 14 August 1990. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
Bibliography
- Ley Orgánica 6/1981, de 30 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía para Andalucía (Organic Law 6/1981). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). 30 December 1981. BOE-A-1982-633. Retrieved 14 March 2026.
- Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5/1985). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). 19 June 1985 [version as of 3 April 1987]. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 19 October 2025.
- Ley 1/1986, de 2 de enero, Electoral de Andalucía (Law 1/1986). Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia (in Spanish). 2 January 1986 [version as of 14 January 1986]. BOE-A-1986-2788. Retrieved 19 October 2025.
- Ley 1/1990, de 30 de enero, por la que se modifica la Ley 6/1983, de 21 de julio, del Gobierno y la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma (Law 1/1990). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). 30 January 1990. BOE-A-1990-4236. Retrieved 14 March 2026.