1984 Catalan regional election
29 April 1984
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All 135 seats in the Parliament of Catalonia 68 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Registered | 4,494,340 1.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 2,892,486 (64.4%) 3.0 pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A regional election was held in Catalonia on Sunday, 29 April 1984, to elect the 2nd Parliament of the autonomous community. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.
Overview
Under the 1979 Statute of Autonomy, the Parliament of Catalonia was the unicameral legislature of the homonymous autonomous community, having legislative power in devolved matters, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1] As a result of no regional electoral law having been approved since the re-establishment of Catalan autonomy, the electoral procedure came regulated under transitory provisions, supplemented by the provisions within the national electoral law.[2]
Electoral system
Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.[2][3]
The Parliament of Catalonia was entitled to 135 seats. All members were elected in four multi-member constituencies—corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Gerona, Lérida and Tarragona, with each being allocated a fixed number of seats—using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional voting system, with a threshold of three percent of valid votes (which included blank ballots) being applied in each constituency.[2][4] The use of the electoral method resulted in a higher effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.[5]
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Parliament constituency was entitled the following seats:[2][6]
| Seats | Constituencies |
|---|---|
| 85 | Barcelona |
| 18 | Tarragona |
| 17 | Gerona |
| 15 | Lérida |
The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacated seats; instead, any vacancies that occurred after the proclamation of candidates and into the legislative term were to be covered by the successive candidates in the list and, when required, by the designated substitutes.[4]
Election date
The term of the Parliament of Catalonia expired four years after the date of its previous ordinary election. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the fifteenth day prior to the scheduled date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within sixty days from the call.[2][7] The previous election was held on 20 March 1980, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 20 March 1984. The election was required to be called no later than 5 March 1984, with the election taking place up to the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible date for election day on Friday, 4 May 1984.
The Parliament of Catalonia could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament, except in the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot. In such a case, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a snap election called, with elected legislators merely serving out what remained of their original four-year term.[8][9]
The Parliament of Catalonia was officially dissolved on 5 March 1984 with the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Journal of the Government of Catalonia (DOGC), setting election day for 29 April.[6][10]
Parties and candidates
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within fifteen days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one permille—and, in any case, 500 signatures—of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[2][11]
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
| Candidacy | Parties and alliances |
Leading candidate | Ideology | Previous result | Gov. | Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vote % | Seats | ||||||||
| CiU | List |
Jordi Pujol | Catalan nationalism Centrism |
27.8% | 43 | ||||
| PSC–PSOE | List
|
Raimon Obiols | Social democracy | 22.4% | 33 | ||||
| PSUC | List |
Antoni Gutiérrez | Communism Catalanism |
18.8% | 25 | ||||
| ERC | List |
Heribert Barrera | Catalan nationalism Left-wing nationalism Social democracy |
8.9% | 14 | ||||
| AP–PDP–UL | List
|
Eduard Bueno | Conservatism Christian democracy |
2.4% [a] |
0 | ||||
Opinion polls
The tables below lists opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.
Voting intention estimates
The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout | EEC | Lead | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 regional election | 29 Apr 1984 | N/a | 64.4 | 46.8 72 |
30.1 41 |
5.6 6 |
– | 4.4 5 |
– | 7.7 11 |
1.2 0 |
– | 16.7 |
| Iope–Etmar/El Periódico[p 1] | 12–17 Apr 1984 | 2,300 | 66–72 | 42.3 64 |
30.6 42 |
5.3 5 |
– | 6.0 8 |
– | 11.3 16 |
– | – | 11.7 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[b][p 2][p 3][p 4] | 11–13 Apr 1984 | 2,400 | 70 | 44.6 66/68 |
32.1 44/46 |
6.4 7/8 |
– | 4.6 6 |
– | 7.2 9/10 |
2.1 0/1 |
– | 12.5 |
| Metra Seis/El País[p 4][p 5][p 6] | 9–12 Apr 1984 | 2,700 | 64 | 36.9 56/58 |
32.0 43/45 |
8.6 9/11 |
– | 7.3 9/10 |
– | 9.9 13/14 |
– | – | 4.9 |
| Avui[p 7] | 3 Apr 1984 | ? | ? | 40.2 | 23.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16.6 |
| Aresco/ABC[p 8][p 9] | 9–12 Mar 1984 | 2,200 | ? | 41.0 61 |
29.1 42 |
6.9 6 |
– | 6.3 6 |
– | 13.9 20 |
– | – | 11.9 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[b][p 4][p 10][p 11] | 21–23 Mar 1984 | 2,400 | ? | 33.7 51/54 |
38.8 49/52 |
8.2 9/11 |
– | 6.2 8/10 |
– | 8.8 12/13 |
– | – | 5.1 |
| 1983 local elections | 8 May 1983 | N/a | 67.4 | 25.5 | 40.4 | 11.5 | – | 2.9 | – | 9.5 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 14.9 |
| 1982 general election | 28 Oct 1982 | N/a | 80.8 | 22.5 (35) |
45.8 (68) |
4.6 (5) |
2.0 (1) |
4.0 (5) |
0.2 (0) |
14.7 (21) |
0.9 (0) |
2.0 (0) |
23.3 |
| 1980 regional election | 20 Mar 1980 | N/a | 61.3 | 27.8 43 |
22.4 33 |
18.8 25 |
10.6 18 |
8.9 14 |
2.7 2 |
2.4[a] 0 |
1.7 0 |
– | 5.4 |
Voting preferences
The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | EEC | Lead | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 regional election | 29 Apr 1984 | N/a | 30.0 | 19.3 | 3.6 | – | 2.8 | – | 4.9 | 0.8 | – | N/a | 35.6 | 10.7 |
| CIS[p 12] | 23–25 Apr 1984 | 2,281 | 38.2 | 19.7 | 3.7 | – | 4.0 | – | 4.7 | – | – | 16.0 | 10.6 | 18.5 |
| CIS[p 13] | 15 Apr 1984 | 2,385 | 28.0 | 22.4 | 2.8 | – | 3.6 | – | 3.2 | – | – | 29.2 | 9.0 | 5.6 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 3][p 14] | 11–13 Apr 1984 | 2,400 | 27.9 | 20.1 | 4.0 | – | 2.9 | – | 4.5 | 1.3 | – | 24.8 | 10.6 | 7.8 |
| CIS[p 15] | 10 Apr 1984 | 1,044 | 28.0 | 26.0 | 5.0 | – | 3.0 | – | 6.0 | – | – | 24.0 | 6.0 | 2.0 |
| DYM/CIS[p 16] | 1 Apr 1984 | 2,271 | 26.5 | 20.9 | 3.6 | – | 2.9 | – | 3.6 | – | – | 35.9 | 4.6 | 5.6 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 10][p 11] | 21–23 Mar 1984 | 2,400 | 20.2 | 23.3 | 4.9 | – | 3.7 | – | 5.3 | – | – | 31.1 | 8.9 | 3.1 |
| CIS[p 17] | 1 Mar 1984 | 2,466 | 25.2 | 22.4 | 3.9 | – | 2.7 | – | 4.2 | – | – | 33.2 | 6.5 | 2.8 |
| Metra Seis/CIS[p 18] | 1 Jan 1984 | 2,101 | 27.0 | 22.0 | 5.0 | – | 2.0 | – | 4.0 | – | – | 31.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 |
| CIS[p 19] | 1 Nov 1983 | 1,680 | 24.0 | 27.0 | 5.0 | – | 4.0 | – | 6.0 | 1.0 | – | 26.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 |
| DYM/CIS[p 20] | 1 Sep 1983 | 2,198 | 19.3 | 35.7 | 5.0 | – | 3.4 | – | 3.2 | 0.6 | – | 22.8 | 8.7 | 16.4 |
| 1983 local elections | 8 May 1983 | N/a | 17.0 | 26.9 | 7.6 | – | 1.9 | – | 6.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | N/a | 32.6 | 9.9 |
| 1982 general election | 28 Oct 1982 | N/a | 17.9 | 36.5 | 3.7 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 0.2 | 11.7 | 0.7 | 1.6 | N/a | 19.2 | 18.6 |
| 1980 regional election | 20 Mar 1980 | N/a | 17.0 | 13.7 | 11.5 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 1.6 | 1.4[a] | 1.0 | – | N/a | 38.7 | 3.3 |
Victory likelihood
The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Other/ None |
Lead | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIS[p 12] | 23–25 Apr 1984 | 2,281 | 70.0 | 14.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 13.3 | 55.9 |
| CIS[p 13] | 15 Apr 1984 | 2,385 | 41.4 | 22.0 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 32.7 | 19.4 |
| CIS[p 15] | 10 Apr 1984 | 1,044 | 42.0 | 27.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | – | 25.0 | 15.0 |
| DYM/CIS[p 16] | 1 Apr 1984 | 2,271 | 42.1 | 22.7 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 29.7 | 19.4 |
| CIS[p 17] | 1 Mar 1984 | 2,466 | 41.3 | 19.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.6 | – | 35.0 | 22.0 |
| Metra Seis/CIS[p 18] | 1 Jan 1984 | 2,101 | 38.0 | 23.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | – | 31.0 | 15.0 |
| CIS[p 19] | 1 Nov 1983 | 1,680 | 33.0 | 33.0 | – | – | – | 6.0 | 28.0 | Tie |
| DYM/CIS[p 20] | 1 Sep 1983 | 2,198 | 28.9 | 43.9 | – | – | – | 7.9 | 19.3 | 15.0 |
Preferred President
The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become president of the Government of Catalonia.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Other/ None/ Not care |
Lead | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pujol CiU |
Obiols PSC |
Gutiérrez PSUC |
Barrera ERC |
Bueno CP | ||||||
| CIS[p 12] | 23–25 Apr 1984 | 2,281 | 51.1 | 21.1 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 3.3 | 6.3 | 7.8 | 30.0 |
| CIS[p 13] | 15 Apr 1984 | 2,385 | 40.9 | 20.5 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 2.5 | – | 28.1 | 20.4 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 14] | 11–13 Apr 1984 | 2,400 | 36.9 | 25.5 | 9.1 | 10.3 | 6.3 | 11.9 | 11.4 | |
| Metra Seis/El País[p 6][p 21] | 9–12 Apr 1984 | 2,700 | 36.1 | 22.1 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 4.3 | 21.9 | 14.0 | |
| CIS[p 15] | 10 Apr 1984 | 1,044 | 37.0 | 26.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | – | 21.0 | 11.0 |
| DYM/CIS[p 16] | 1 Apr 1984 | 2,271 | 37.4 | 18.2 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 27.4 | 19.2 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 11] | 21–23 Mar 1984 | 2,400 | 30.8 | 22.0 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 22.9 | 8.8 | |
| CIS[p 17] | 1 Mar 1984 | 2,466 | 34.8 | 16.2 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 3.5 | – | 37.9 | 18.6 |
| Metra Seis/CIS[p 18] | 1 Jan 1984 | 2,101 | 50.0 | 26.0 | – | – | – | – | 23.0 | 24.0 |
| CIS[p 19] | 1 Nov 1983 | 1,680 | 34.0 | 19.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 | – | 32.0 | 15.0 |
| DYM/CIS[p 20] | 1 Sep 1983 | 2,198 | 32.1 | 16.5 | 6.1 | 8.7 | – | 1.5 | 35.1 | 15.6 |
Results
Overall
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Convergence and Union (CiU) | 1,346,729 | 46.80 | +18.97 | 72 | +29 | |
| Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | 866,281 | 30.11 | +7.68 | 41 | +8 | |
| People's Coalition (AP–PDP–UL)1 | 221,601 | 7.70 | +5.33 | 11 | +11 | |
| Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) | 160,581 | 5.58 | −13.19 | 6 | −19 | |
| Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 126,943 | 4.41 | −4.49 | 5 | −9 | |
| Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC)2 | 68,836 | 2.39 | +2.09 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Agreement of the Catalan Left (EEC)3 | 35,937 | 1.25 | −0.41 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) | 8,714 | 0.30 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Social Democratic Party of Catalonia (PSDC) | 6,768 | 0.24 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 5,381 | 0.19 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) | 3,533 | 0.12 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) | 2,694 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Workers' Party of Catalonia (PCOC) | 2,593 | 0.09 | −0.39 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) | 1,861 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) | 1,834 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Democratic Party (PDE) | 1,110 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Party of Lleida (PLL) | 856 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Unity of Aran–Aranese Nationalist Party (UA–PNA) | 787 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Movement of Catalonia (MCC)4 | 164 | 0.01 | −1.21 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) | n/a | n/a | −10.61 | 0 | −18 | |
| Socialist Party of Andalusia–Andalusian Party (PSA–PA) | n/a | n/a | −2.66 | 0 | −2 | |
| Blank ballots | 14,313 | 0.49 | −0.17 | |||
| Total | 2,877,516 | 135 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 2,877,516 | 99.48 | −0.02 | |||
| Invalid votes | 14,970 | 0.52 | +0.02 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 2,892,486 | 64.36 | +3.02 | |||
| Abstentions | 1,601,854 | 35.64 | −3.02 | |||
| Registered voters | 4,494,340 | |||||
| Sources[12][13]
| ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
Distribution by constituency
| Constituency | CiU | PSC | CP | PSUC | ERC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | |
| Barcelona | 44.3 | 41 | 32.3 | 29 | 7.6 | 7 | 6.1 | 5 | 4.1 | 3 |
| Gerona | 59.6 | 11 | 21.5 | 4 | 5.6 | 1 | 3.2 | − | 6.1 | 1 |
| Lérida | 57.7 | 10 | 19.9 | 3 | 8.8 | 1 | 2.8 | − | 5.7 | 1 |
| Tarragona | 48.1 | 10 | 26.7 | 5 | 10.2 | 2 | 5.3 | 1 | 4.6 | − |
| Total | 46.8 | 72 | 30.1 | 41 | 7.7 | 11 | 5.6 | 6 | 4.4 | 5 |
| Sources[12][13] | ||||||||||
Aftermath
| Investiture Nomination of Jordi Pujol (CDC) | ||
| Ballot → | 30 May 1984 | |
|---|---|---|
| Required majority → | 68 out of 135 | |
87 / 135
| ||
44 / 135
| ||
4 / 135
| ||
| Absentees | 0 / 135
| |
| Sources[12] | ||
Notes
References
Opinion poll sources
- ^ "Pujol va en cabeza, cerca de la mayoría". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- ^ "El liderazgo de Jordi Pujol determina una decisiva ventaja de CiU sobre el PSC-PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- ^ a b "Tres cuartas partes del censo ha adoptado ya una opción política". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- ^ a b c "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
- ^ "Convergència i Unió y Esquerra Republicana suman escaños suficientes para acercarse a la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- ^ a b "Ficha técnica". El País (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- ^ "Comienza la guerra de encuestas ante las elecciones catalanas". ABC (in Spanish). 3 April 1984.
- ^ "Convergencia se acerca a la mayoría absoluta, pero necesitará apoyos para poder gobernar". ABC (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- ^ "La desaparición de UCD ha redistribuido el voto en Cataluña". ABC (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- ^ a b "Gran parte del electorado ya ha decidido el sentido de su voto". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 1 April 1984.
- ^ a b c "Predominio femenino en CiU y AP, masculino en ERC y PSUC y situación equilibrada en el PSC". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 1 April 1984.
- ^ a b c "Preelectoral elecciones autonómicas Cataluña 1984 (Estudio nº 1.412. Abril 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 25 April 1984.
- ^ a b c "Preelectoral Cataluña 1984 (VI) (Estudio nº 1.408. Abril 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 15 April 1984.
- ^ a b "El electorado da su confianza a CiU". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- ^ a b c "Estudio nº 1.407 (Panel 2ª vuelta. Abril 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 10 April 1984.
- ^ a b c "Preelectoral Cataluña 1984 (V) (Estudio nº 1.405. Marzo-abril 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 April 1984.
- ^ a b c "Preelectoral Cataluña 1984 (IV) (Estudio nº 1404. Marzo 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 March 1984.
- ^ a b c "Preelectoral Cataluña 1984 (III) (Estudio nº 1.389. Enero 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 January 1984.
- ^ a b c "Estudio 1.377 (Diciembre 1983)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 November 1983.
- ^ a b c "Preelectoral Cataluña 1984 (I) (Estudio 1366)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 September 1983. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
- ^ "Un 36% de los electores votaría a Jordi Pujol para presidente, frente al 22% de Obiols". El País (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
Other
- ^ Statute (1979), art. 30.
- ^ a b c d e f Statute (1979), art. 31 & tran. prov. 4.
- ^ Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), art. 2.
- ^ a b Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), art. 20.
- ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Dublin: Trinity College Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- ^ a b Decreto 45/1984, de 5 de marzo, de la Presidencia de la Generalidad de Cataluña, por el que se convocan elecciones al Parlamento de Cataluña (PDF) (Decree 45/1984). Official Journal of the Government of Catalonia (in Spanish). 5 March 1984. Retrieved 16 February 2026.
- ^ LPPCEG (1982), art. 47.
- ^ Statute (1979), tran. prov. 5.
- ^ LPPCEG (1982), art. 54.
- ^ "El presidente de la Generalitat convoca las elecciones catalanas para el 29 de abril". El País (in Spanish). Barcelona. 6 March 1984. Retrieved 16 February 2026.
- ^ Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), arts. 30–31 & 34.
- ^ a b c Lozano, Carles. "Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya (des de 1980)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 November 2025.
- ^ a b "Resultats electorals. Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya 1984. Catalunya" (in Catalan). Government of Catalonia. Retrieved 15 November 2025.
- ^ "Edictos de 9 de junio de 1988, por los que se hacen públicos los resultados correspondientes a la proclamación de electos al Parlamento de Cataluña, de las circunscripciones de Lleida, Tarragona y Girona" (PDF). Official Journal of the Government of Catalonia (in Spanish) (1012): 2823–2824. 4 July 1988. ISSN 1988-298X. Retrieved 16 February 2026.
Bibliography
- Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20/1977). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). 18 March 1977. BOE-A-1977-7445. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- Ley Orgánica 4/1979, de 18 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña (Organic Law 4/1979). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). 18 December 1979. BOE-A-1979-30178. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
- Ley 3/1982, de 23 de marzo, del Parlamento, del Presidente y del Consejo Ejecutivo de la Generalidad (Law 3/1982). Official Journal of the Government of Catalonia (in Spanish). 23 March 1982. BOE-A-1982-10330. Retrieved 17 November 2025.