Celaeno (star)

Celaeno
Celaeno in the Pleiades cluster (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Taurus
Right ascension 03h 44m 48.2149s[1]
Declination +24° 17′ 22.083″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) +5.45[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage main sequence[1][3]
Spectral type B7V[4]
U−B color index –0.33[5]
B−V color index –0.046[5]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+2.9[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +19.849[1] mas/yr
Dec.: –44.966[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)7.3852±0.0724 mas[1]
Distance442 ± 4 ly
(135 ± 1 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−0.76[7]
Details
Mass4.0[7] M☉
Radius2.34[8] R☉
Luminosity344[7] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.9[7] cgs
Temperature12,800[7] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.05[8] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)212[3] km/s
Age122[9] Myr
Other designations
Celaeno, Celeno, 16 Tau, BD+23 505, GC 4475, HD 23288, HIP 17489, HR 1140, SAO 76126[10]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Celaeno (/səˈliːnoʊ/[11]), designated 16 Tauri, is a star in the constellation of Taurus and a member of the Pleiades open star cluster (M45) of stars.

Properties

16 Tauri is a blue-white B-type subgiant with an apparent magnitude of +5.45. It is approximately 430 light years from the Sun;[12] about the same distance as the Pleiades. The interstellar extinction of this star is fairly small at 0.05 magnitudes.[13] The projected rotational velocity of the equator is 185 km/s.[14] It is 3.4 times the radius of the Sun[8] and has a surface temperature of 12,800 K.[7][15]

Nomenclature

16 Tauri is the star's Flamsteed designation.

It bore the traditional named Celaeno (or Celeno) and was called the "Lost Pleiad" by Theon the Younger.[16] Celaeno was one of the Pleiades sisters in Greek mythology. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[17] to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Celaeno for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.[18]

Namesake

USS Celeno (AK-76) was a United States Navy Crater class cargo ship named after the star.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system (Ducati, 2002)". Vizier Online Data Catalog. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
  3. ^ a b Zorec, J.; Royer, F. (2012). "Rotational velocities of A-type stars. IV. Evolution of rotational velocities". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 537: A120. arXiv:1201.2052. Bibcode:2012A&A...537A.120Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117691.
  4. ^ Negueruela, I.; Simón-Díaz, S.; De Burgos, A.; Casasbuenas, A.; Beck, P. G. (2024). "The IACOB project: XII. New grid of northern standards for the spectral classification of B-type stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 690. arXiv:2407.04163. Bibcode:2024A&A...690A.176N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449298.
  5. ^ a b Johnson, H. L.; Morgan, W. W. (1953). "Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the revised system of the Yerkes spectral atlas". Astrophysical Journal. 117: 313–352. Bibcode:1953ApJ...117..313J. doi:10.1086/145697.
  6. ^ Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953). "General catalogue of stellar radial velocities". Carnegie Institute Washington D.C. Publication. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Wolff, Sidney C. (December 1990). "Luminosities, masses, and ages of B-type stars". Astronomical Journal. 100: 1994. Bibcode:1990AJ....100.1994W. doi:10.1086/115654.
  8. ^ a b c Huber, Daniel; Bryson, Stephen T.; Haas, Michael R.; Barclay, Thomas; Barentsen, Geert; Howell, Steve B.; Sharma, Sanjib; Stello, Dennis; Thompson, Susan E. (2016). "The K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) and Stellar Classifications of 138,600 Targets in Campaigns 1-8". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 224 (1): 2. arXiv:1512.02643. Bibcode:2016ApJS..224....2H. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/224/1/2.
  9. ^ Anderson, Richard I.; Hunt, Emily L. (2025). "A bird's eye view of stellar evolution through populations of variable stars in Galactic open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 700: L13. arXiv:2508.12866. Bibcode:2025A&A...700L..13A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555111.
  10. ^ "Celaeno". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
  11. ^ Davis, George A. (1944). "The pronunciations, derivations, and meanings of a selected list of star names". Popular Astronomy. 52: 8–30. Bibcode:1944PA.....52....8D.
  12. ^ Makarov, Valeri V. (December 2002). "Computing the Parallax of the Pleiades from the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometry Data: An Alternative Approach". The Astronomical Journal. 124 (6): 3299–3304. Bibcode:2002AJ....124.3299M. doi:10.1086/344683.
  13. ^ Breger, M. (August 1984). "The Pleiades cluster. I - Polarization and reddening of the brighter stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 137 (1): 145–148. Bibcode:1984A&A...137..145B.
  14. ^ Abt, Helmut A.; Levato, Hugo; Grosso, Monica (July 11–17, 2002). "Rotational velocities of B stars". In K. S. Cheng; K. C. Leung; T. P. Li (eds.). Proceedings, Stellar astrophysics - a tribute to Helmut A. Abt. Sixth Pacific Rim Conference. Xi'an, China: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 165–172. ISBN 1-4020-1683-2. Vizier table J/ApJ/573/359.
  15. ^ Pasinetti-Fracassini, L. E.; Pastori, L.; Covino, S.; Pozzi, A. (November 2000). "Catalogue of Stellar Diameters (CADARS) (Pasinetti-Fracassini+ 2001)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: II/224. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
  16. ^ Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star-names and their meanings. G. E. Stechert. p. 407. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
  17. ^ IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN), International Astronomical Union, archived from the original on 10 June 2016, retrieved 22 May 2016.
  18. ^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
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