1ES 0414+009

1ES 0414+009
The BL Lacertae object 1ES 0414+009.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationTaurus
Right ascension04h 16m 52.49s[1]
Declination+01° 05′ 23.89″[1]
Redshift0.287000[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity86,040 km/s[1]
Distance3.400 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)16.38
Apparent magnitude (B)16.86
Characteristics
TypeBLLAC[1]
Other designations
2MASS J04165249+0105239, 1AXG J041652+0105, 2E 0414+0057, RBS 0530, RX J0416.8+0105, UVQS J041652.49+010523.9, PMN J0416+0105, NVSS J041652+010526[1]

1ES 0414+009 known as H 0414+009, is a BL Lacertae object with an active galactic nucleus[2] located in the constellation of Taurus. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.287[1] and it was first discovered by M.P. Ulmer and other astronomers who described its radio spectrum as mainly flat with its optical spectrum categorized as featureless.[3]

Description

1ES 0414+009 is located in the center of a moderately rich galaxy cluster.[4] The host galaxy is a giant luminous elliptical galaxy of either a cD or BCG type.[5][6] The total host magnitude of the galaxy is estimated as between 17.45 and 17.80[7] and its luminosity profile is best fitted with an elliptical model with a total estimated radius of 29 kiloparsecs.[8] The central supermassive black hole mass of the galaxy is 2 x 109 Mʘ.[9][10]

Very high energy gamma ray (VHE) emission was detected from the galaxy in 2009. The average flux is estimated to be above the energy units of 1 GeV, reaching 0.67 ± 0.21 x 10-9 photons cm-2 s-1 with a measured hard spectrum index of 1.78 ± 0.23.[11] This places it under the classification of high frequency-peaked BL Lac objects or a blazar.[12][13]

The radio structure of the galaxy is compact. When observed, it is found to contain a radio core that is unresolved, with a flux density of 75 ± 2 Jy and a radio tail that is extending outwards from it by 40 arcseconds.[14] There is also an extended radio jet towards the east-northeast from the core region with traces of weak radio emission in the southeast direction. This heavily suggests the jet has a bend angle to the south upon reaching 10 parsecs from the core.[15] Further imaging has found there are inner jet components present with their position angle varying from 56° to 90°, while the outer jet components are between 88° and 124°.[16]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "NED Search results for 1ES 0414+009". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-11-23.
  2. ^ Aliu, E.; Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Böttcher, M.; Bouvier, A.; Bugaev, V.; Cannon, A.; Cesarini, A.; Ciupik, L.; Collins-Hughes, E.; Connolly, M. P.; Cui, W. (2012-08-02). "Multiwavelength Observations of the AGN 1ES 0414+009 With Veritas, Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT, and MDM". The Astrophysical Journal. 755 (2): 118. arXiv:1206.4080. Bibcode:2012ApJ...755..118A. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/755/2/118. ISSN 0004-637X.
  3. ^ Ulmer, M. P.; Brown, R. L.; Schwartz, D. A.; Patterson, J.; Cruddace, R. G. (July 1983). "The discovery of an X-ray bright BL Lacertae object - 0414 + 009". The Astrophysical Journal. 270: L1. Bibcode:1983ApJ...270L...1U. doi:10.1086/184058. ISSN 0004-637X. Archived from the original on 2022-07-05.
  4. ^ Falomo, R.; Pesce, Joseph E.; Treves, A. (June 1993). "The environment of H 0414+009 - A BL Lac object associated with a cluster of galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 105: 2031. Bibcode:1993AJ....105.2031F. doi:10.1086/116580. ISSN 0004-6256. Archived from the original on 2024-09-02.
  5. ^ J., Heidt; K., Nilsson; I., Appenzeller; K., Jäger; W., Seifert; T., Szeifert; W., Gässler; R., Häfner; W., Hummel; B., Muschielok; H., Nicklas; O., Stahl (December 1999). "Observations of the host galaxies of the BL Lacertae objects H 0414+009 and OJ 287 with FORS1 at VLT-UT1". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 352. Bibcode:1999A&A...352L..11H. ISSN 0004-6361. Archived from the original on 2024-07-05.
  6. ^ Wurtz, Ronald; Ellingson, Erica; Stocke, John T.; Yee, H. K. C. (September 1993). "Clustering environments of BL Lac objects". The Astronomical Journal. 106: 869. Bibcode:1993AJ....106..869W. doi:10.1086/116690. ISSN 0004-6256. Archived from the original on 2022-04-24.
  7. ^ Nilsson, K.; Pursimo, T.; Heidt, J.; Takalo, L. O.; Sillanpää, A.; Brinkmann, W. (2003-03-01). "R-band imaging of the host galaxies of RGB BL Lacertae objects" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 400 (1): 95–118. Bibcode:2003A&A...400...95N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021861. ISSN 0004-6361.
  8. ^ Falomo, R. (1996-10-21). "Host galaxy and close environment of BL Lacertae objects" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 283 (1): 241–250. doi:10.1093/mnras/283.1.241. ISSN 0035-8711.
  9. ^ Volpe, F.; Ohm, S.; Hauser, M.; Kaufmann, S.; Gérard, L.; Costamante, L.; Fegan, S.; Ajello, M. (2011-05-25), Discovery of VHE and HE emission from the blazar 1ES 0414+009 with H.E.S.S and Fermi-LAT, arXiv:1105.5114
  10. ^ Das, Saikat; Gupta, Nayantara; Razzaque, Soebur (2020-02-01). "Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions as the Origin of Very High-energy γ-Rays from BL Lacertae Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 889 (2): 149. arXiv:1911.06011. Bibcode:2020ApJ...889..149D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6131. ISSN 0004-637X.
  11. ^ "ATel #2293: H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT discovery of VHE and HE emission from blazar 1ES 0414+009". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 2025-11-23.
  12. ^ Abramowski, A.; Acero, F.; Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A. G.; Anton, G.; Balzer, A.; Barnacka, A.; Almeida, U. Barres de; Becherini, Y.; Becker, J.; Behera, B.; Bernlöhr, K.; Birsin, E.; Biteau, J.; Bochow, A. (2012-02-01). "Discovery of hard-spectrum γ-ray emission from the BL Lacertae object 1ES 0414+009". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 538: A103. arXiv:1201.2044. Bibcode:2012A&A...538A.103H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118406. ISSN 0004-6361.
  13. ^ Devanand, P. U.; Gupta, Alok C.; Jithesh, V.; Wiita, Paul J.; Gupta, Archana (2025-04-30). "X-Ray Spectral Variability of 13 TeV High-energy-peaked Blazars with XMM-Newton". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 278 (1): 20. arXiv:2503.08386. Bibcode:2025ApJS..278...20D. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/adc10d. ISSN 0067-0049.
  14. ^ McHardy, I. M.; Luppino, G. A.; George, I. M.; Abraham, R. G.; Cooke, B. A. (1992-06-15). "H0414 + 009 - an X-ray bright BL Lac with a radio tail in a distant cluster of galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 256 (4): 655–668. doi:10.1093/mnras/256.4.655. ISSN 0035-8711.
  15. ^ Rector, Travis A.; Gabuzda, Denise C.; Stocke, John T. (March 2003). "The Radio Structure of High-Energy–Peaked BL Lacertae Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (3): 1060–1072. arXiv:astro-ph/0302397. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.1060R. doi:10.1086/367802. ISSN 0004-6256.
  16. ^ Wu, Zhongzu; Jiang, D. R.; Gu, Minfeng (2012-07-27). "The radio structure of ultra-high-energy synchrotron-peak BL Lacs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 424 (4): 2733–2745. arXiv:1205.4939. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.424.2733W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21366.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
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