Zanthoxylum dipetalum
| Zanthoxylum dipetalum | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Rutaceae |
| Genus: | Zanthoxylum |
| Species: | Z. dipetalum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Zanthoxylum dipetalum | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
Zanthoxylum dipetalum is a species of rare tree in the family Rutaceae and in the same genus as Sichuan pepper.[3][4] It is known by the Hawaiian names kāwa'u and aʻe. It is endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago, where it grows in forests on four of the islands.[1][2]
There are two varieties.[1][2]
- Z. d. var. dipetalum is present on Kauaʻi, in the mountains of Oʻahu, on Hawaiʻi in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, and possibly on Molokaʻi.
- Z. d. var. tomentosum is known from fewer than 30 individuals on Hualālai volcano on Hawaiʻi.[5][6][7] This variety is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.[2]
The roots of Z. dipetalum have been found to contain several chemical compounds, including canthin-6-one, chelerythrine, nitidine, tembetarine, avicennol, xanthoxyletin, lupeol, hesperidin, sitosterol, and magnoflorine.[8]
References
- ^ a b c Portner, T.; Keir, M.; Gon, S.M.; Sporck-Koehler, M.; Chau, M.; Caraway, V.L.; Kwon, J. (2015). "Zanthoxylum dipetalum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T62986A78764685. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T62986A78764685.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Zanthoxylum dipetalum Kawa`u". NatureServe. 2025. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
- ^ a b "Zanthoxylum dipetalum H.Mann". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved December 26, 2025.
- ^ "Zanthoxylum dipetalum H.Mann". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved December 26, 2025.
- ^ Keir, M.; Portner, T.; Weisenberger, L.; Caraway, V.L.; Kwon, J. (2015). "Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T30781A78767557. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T30781A78767557.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ "Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum Kawa`u". NatureServe. 2025. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
- ^ Zanthoxylum dipetalum. Archived August 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Center for Plant Conservation.
- ^ Fish, Francis; Gray, Alexander I.; Waterman, Peter G. (1975). "Alkaloids, coumarins, triterpenes and a flavanone from the root of Zanthoxylum dipetalum". Phytochemistry. 14 (9): 2073–2076. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(75)83129-3.