Yiddish PEN Club

Yiddish PEN Club (ייִדישער פּען קלוב yidisher pen klub[1]) was founded in 1927, with two branches in Poland, namely, in the capital of Warsaw and in Wilno (Vilnius, today in Lithuania), alongside the third branch in New York City.[2][3] This PEN Club grew out from the Association of Jewish Writers and Journalists in Warsaw (פארײן פון יידישע ליטעראטן און זשורנאליסטן fareyn fun eydishe literatn aun zhurnalistn, 1916–1939).[4]

PEN International did not foresee separate clubs for writers creating literature in languages that are not official in a state. Furthermore, the regulations did not allow for another PEN club in the same city. However, the American PEN Club was already based in New York and the Polish PEN Club in Warsaw. Hence, it was decided to make Wilno into the main headquarters of the nascent Yiddish PEN Club. Yet, after the first President Moyshe Kulbak's departure for the Soviet Union in 1928, Warsaw became the Yiddish PEN Center's effective headquarters.[5]

In September 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union jointly attacked Poland and partitioned the country. As a result, the Warsaw branch of the Yiddish PEN Club was extinguished. Moscow passed Wilno and its vicinity to Lithuania, where the city was made into the country's capital of Vilnius. The subsequent Soviet occupation of Lithuania, in 1940, extinguished the Vilnius branch of the Yiddish PEN Club. The effort by Yiddish writers to revive this branch in London failed.[6]

In the wake of World War II and the Holocaust that wiped out the Yiddish speech community (or Central Europe's Yiddishland), the Sovietization of Poland ended the brief revival of the Warsaw branch (1945–1948).[7] Afterward, only the New York branch of the Yiddish PEN Club continued to function until, as part of the Congress for Jewish Culture, it went dormant during the first decade of the 21st century.[8][9]

The Yiddish PEN Club's last organizational effort was the literary monthly די פּען di pen (The [Yiddish] Pen), published in 1994–1998 by the Alden Press in Oxford.[10]

Yiddish PEN Chairpersons

See also

References

  1. ^ קולטור־געשיכטע דער אינטערנאַציאָנאַלער ייִדישער פּען-קלוב.
  2. ^ International Pen Club Admits Jewish Writers. 1927. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 22 Jun.
  3. ^ The Yiddish PEN Club’s Early Years. Formation and Self-Perception. 2023. Jewish History.
  4. ^ Nathan Cohen. 2026. Association of Jewish Writers and Journalists in Warsaw. In: The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe ייִוואָ־ענציקלאָפּעדיע פֿון די ייִדן אין מיזרח־אייראָפּע. New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
  5. ^ קולטור־געשיכטע דער אינטערנאַציאָנאַלער ייִדישער פּען-קלוב.
  6. ^ Seek to Revive Yiddish Pen Club in London. 1941. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 13 Feb.
  7. ^ Nathan Cohen. 2005. The Renewed Association of Yiddish Writers and Journalists in Poland, 1945-48. The Mendele Review: Yiddish Literature and Language (A Companion to MENDELE). No. 156.
  8. ^ Yonia Fain. 2013. askART.
  9. ^ Yiddish Centre. President - Yonia Fain Yiddish PEN Congress for Yiddish Culture. 국제 PEN.
  10. ^ Issues 1 – 35 of the Oxford Yiddish Monthly ‘Yiddish Pen’ (די פּען), 1994-1998.
  11. ^ Josph Sherman. 2026. Asch, Sholem. In: The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe ייִוואָ־ענציקלאָפּעדיע פֿון די ייִדן אין מיזרח־אייראָפּע. New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
  12. ^ Mikhail Krutikov and Shachar Pinsker. 2026. Zeitlin Family. In: The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe ייִוואָ־ענציקלאָפּעדיע פֿון די ייִדן אין מיזרח־אייראָפּע. New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
  13. ^ Jechiel Jeszaja Trunk, Yiddish novelist and essayist and president of the Yiddish P.E.N. Club in Warsaw (c. 1939). Washington DC: US Holocaust Memorial Museum.
  14. ^ Nathan Cohen. 2005. The Renewed Association of Yiddish Writers and Journalists in Poland, 1945-48. The Mendele Review: Yiddish Literature and Language (A Companion to MENDELE). No. 156.
  15. ^ Kulbak, Moyshe קולבאַק, משה. Leksikon Fun Der Nayer Yidisher Literatur.
  16. ^ Pinski, Dovid (David) פּינסקי, דוד. Leksikon Fun Der Nayer Yidisher Literatur.
  17. ^ Guide to the Papers of David Pinski (1872-1959) RG 204. New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
  18. ^ AN ANTHOLOGY OF MODERN YIDDISH LITERATURE. 1974. Compiled and edited by JOSEPH LEFTWICH. The Hague: Mouton, p. 22.
  19. ^ Oyerbakh, Froym אױערבאַך, אפרים . Leksikon Fun Der Nayer Yidisher Literatur.
  20. ^ Moyshe Lemster. 2026. Bikl, Shloyme. In: The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe ייִוואָ־ענציקלאָפּעדיע פֿון די ייִדן אין מיזרח־אייראָפּע. New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
  21. ^ Ephraim Auerbach. Lives in the Yiddish Theatre SHORT BIOGRAPHIES OF THOSE INVOLVED IN THE Yiddish THEATRE aS DESCRIBED IN zALMEN zYLBERCWEIG'S "lEKSIKON FUN YIDISHN TEATER" 1931-1969.
  22. ^ Hundreds Attend Funeral Services for Aaron Glanz-leyeless; Was 77. 1967. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 3 Jan.
  23. ^ Guide to the Papers of Leon Feinberg (1897-1969) 1906-1969 (bulk 1920-1960) RG 601. 2-13. New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
  24. ^ Guide to the Papers of Julian (Yehiel) Hirszhaut (1908-1983) 1921-1988, 2001-2004 (bulk 1939-1945) RG 720. 2011. New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
  25. ^ Yonia Fain (1913 - 2013) International Artist, Award-Winning Yiddish Poet/Author Past President of the Yiddish Pen Society Past Co-President of the Congress for Jewish Culture. Hofstra University Museum of Art.
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