Xie Jieshi
Xie Jieshi | |
|---|---|
| 謝介石 | |
Xie Jieshi as a member of the Manchukuo Cabinet | |
| Foreign Minister of Manchukuo | |
| In office 1932–1935 | |
| Monarch | Puyi |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Zhang Yanqing |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1878 |
| Died | 1954 (aged 75–76) |
| Citizenship |
|
| Party | Concordia Association |
| Education | Meiji University |
Xie Jieshi (also transliterated as Hsieh Kai-shek; Chinese: 謝介石; pinyin: Xiè Jièshí; Wade–Giles: Hsieh4 Chie4-shih2; Hepburn: Sha Kaiseki; 1878 – 1954) was a cabinet minister in the Japanese-dominated Empire of Manchuria, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Biography
Xie Jishi was born in Hsinchu, Taiwan under Qing rule, in 1878, to a family of immigrants from Fujian, and attended the Japanese-run Shinchiku Kokugo Denshujo, where he studied the Japanese language. He served as interpreter for Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi on his visit to Taiwan, by then under Japanese rule. Itō was so impressed with the young Xie that he recommended him for a scholarship to Meiji University in Tokyo, from which he graduated from the law school. During his time in Tokyo from 1904 to 1906, Xie also taught Taiwanese Hokkien at the Taiwan Association School.[1]
From 1907 to 1908, Xie taught at the Jilin School of Foreign Languages in China. The school closed in 1909, and in that year, he became an advisor to Duanfang. After Duanfang was removed as governor of Zhili, Xie joined the staff of Songshou, the governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang.[1] Xie joined the teaching staff of Fujian Training School of Law in 1910, of which he was soon named headmaster.[1] By 1913, Xie was secretary-general to General Zhang Xun in Tianjin. He renounced his Japanese citizenship for citizenship in the Republic of China in 1916.[2] He participated in Zhang Xun's brief restoration to power of the dethroned Emperor Puyi in 1917, and was Assistant Officer for Foreign Affairs during the brief imperial government. After Puyi was again deposed, Xie remained a strong supporter for the restoration of the Qing dynasty, and accompanied Puyi in exile from the Forbidden City in Beijing to the foreign concessions in Tianjin in 1927.
Xie was later recruited by the warlord of Kirin Province, General Xi Qia, and assisted him in his negotiations with the Imperial Japanese Army after the Manchurian Incident, during which time Xi Qia declared Kirin Province independent from the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China.
After the state of Manchukuo was established, Xie became first Minister of Foreign Affairs.[3] He assisted in the efforts to convince General Ma Zhanshan to support the new government. Through his efforts, many Taiwanese emigrated from Taiwan to Manchukuo in the 1930s. He was assigned as ambassador plenipotentiary to Japan on 19 June 1935, and helped organize the 1935 Taiwan Expo.[4] He returned to Manchukuo in 1937 to assume the position of Minister of Industry. He shortly left government service for the private sector. After the fall of Manchukuo in 1945, Xie was arrested by the ROC government as a Japanese collaborator and traitor,[2] and taken into custody until his release in 1948. He later died in Beijing in 1954. Until the late 1990s, some Taiwanese media claimed that Xie had died imprisoned in 1946, without a trial.[5]
In 2013, two of Xie's descendants who lived in China met with one of his Taiwan-based descendants in Kaohsiung, after the release of a documentary, Taiwanese in Manchukuo (台灣人在滿洲國).[6][7]
References
- ^ a b c Hasegawa, Masato (June 2025). "To Educate the Chinese Youth: Japanese and Taiwanese Teachers in Late Qing China, 1901–1911". Late Imperial China. 46 (1).
- ^ a b "新竹市地方知識庫寶藏|謝介石". 新竹市地方知識庫寶藏. Retrieved 2021-03-28.
- ^ Abend, Hallet (17 May 1932). "MANCHURIA PLEDGES NEW FOREIGN POLICY". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
The government, on behalf of which Mr. Hsieh was speaking as Minister for Foreign Affairs, is new -very new. It dates only from March 1 of this year, and is operating in Changchun under difficulties because there are here no buildings in any way suitable to house a national government.
- ^ Han Cheung (5 October 2025). "Taiwan in Time: The Taiwanese foreign minister of Manchukuo". Taipei Times. Retrieved 5 October 2025.
- ^ 江, 家華 (26 February 2013). "滿洲國台籍官員 「不是漢奸」". China Times (in Chinese). Yahoo! Taiwan. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
謝輝說，他曾讀到台灣文章提及謝介石一九四六年去世，且未經審判死在獄中，這是錯誤的。他一九九七年投書《中國時報》，對此事提出更正，「我的祖父在一九五四年病逝家中，我都還能提出當時的人證，他當時走得非常平和，沒有任何痛苦。」
- ^ ""滿洲國"高官謝介石子孫 返新竹尋根" (in Chinese). China Review News Agency. 27 February 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
- ^ "台灣人謝介石曾任滿洲國外長 子孫來台尋分離64年家人". ETToday (in Chinese). 27 February 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
- Rana, Mitter (2000). The Manchurian Myth: Nationalism, Resistance, and Collaboration in Modern China. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22111-7.
- Yamamuro, Shinichi (2005). Manchuria Under Japanese Domination. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3912-1.