William J. Youden
William J. Youden | |
|---|---|
| Born | 12 April 1900 |
| Died | 31 March 1971 (aged 70) |
| Other names | Jack Youden[2][3] |
| Education | University of Rochester Columbia University |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Statistics |
| Institutions | Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research National Bureau of Standards |
| Doctoral advisor | Hal T. Beans[1] |
William John Youden (April 12, 1900 – March 31, 1971), also known as Jack Youden,[2][3] was an Australian-born American analytical chemist and statistician who formulated new statistical techniques in statistical analysis and in design of experiments. He developed the "Youden square", an incomplete block design developed from a 1937 paper, "Use of Incomplete Block Replications in Estimating Tobacco Mosaic Virus". He also helped to introduce the concept of restricted randomization, which he called constrained randomization.[4][5][6][7] He devised Youden's J statistic as a simple measure summarising the performance of a binary diagnostic test.[8]
Education and career
Youden studied at University of Rochester, where he received his B.S. in chemical engineering in 1921. He stayed at University of Rochester as an instructor until 1922 before going to attend Columbia University for graduate studies. Youden received an M.A. in chemistry in 1923 and a Ph.D. in chemistry in 1924, both from Columbia University. His PhD research was on the gravimetric analysis of zirconium and his advisor was Hal T. Beans.[1][9]
After graduation, Youden initially worked at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research (affiliated with Cornell University) in New York State as a physical chemist. He became interested in statistics after reading Ronald Fisher's book Statistical Methods for Research Workers in 1928 and started to contribute to statistics. His first publication in statistical was in 1931.[2] He took a leave from 1937 to 1938 to work with Fisher in his Galton Laboratory based at the University College London. From 1942 to 1945, Youden worked as an operations analyst for the U.S. Army Air Corps. Youden stayed at the Boyce Thompson Institute until 1948 before moving to the National Bureau of Standards (later National Institute of Standards and Technology or NIST), where he was a senior staff member in the Applied Mathematics Division. Youden retired from NIST in 1965.[10][9]
Honors and awards
In 1951, Youden was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.[11] The American Statistical Association bestows the W. J. Youden Award in Interlaboratory Testing[12] to authors "of publications that make outstanding contributions to the design and/or analysis of interlaboratory tests or describe ingenious approaches to the planning and evaluation of data from such tests." The award is presented each year at the Joint Statistical Meetings.[13]
In 1967, Youden served as president of the Philosophical Society of Washington, a science organization.[14] In 1969, he was awarded the Shewhart Medal by the American Society for Quality as well as the Wilks Memorial Award by the American Statistical Association.[15]
References
- ^ a b Youden, W. J. (1924). A new method for the gravimetric determination of zirconium.
- ^ a b c "William John Youden, 1900–1971". Journal of Quality Technology. 4 (1): 3–6. 1972. doi:10.1080/00224065.1972.11980503. ISSN 0022-4065.
- ^ a b Ku, H.H.; Devoe, J.R. (1985). "Jack Youden" (PDF). Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. 90 (6): 393. doi:10.6028/jres.090.029. ISSN 0160-1741. PMC 6644975. PMID 34566168.
- ^ "Youden, William John.", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 2008. Retrieved April 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com
- ^ BIOGRAPHY 5.1 William J. Youden (1900–1971) Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, swlearning.com (adapted from Journal of Quality Technology, January 1972, pp. 3–6, and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. XIV (New York: Charles Scribner's, 1976), pp. 552–557.)
- ^ Churchill Eisenhart and Joan R. Rosenblatt. W. J. Youden, 1900–1971, The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 43, No. 4 (Aug., 1972), pp. 1035–1040
- ^ Cornell, John A. W.J. Youden – The Man and his Methodology Archived 2013-03-07 at the Wayback Machine, ASQC Statistics Division Newsletter, Vol. 13, No. 2
- ^ Youden, W.J. (1950). "Index for rating diagnostic tests". Cancer. 3 (1): 32–35. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::aid-cncr2820030106>3.0.co;2-3. PMID 15405679.
- ^ a b Hamada, M. S. (2022). "On reading Youden: Learning about the practice of statistics and applied statistical research from a master applied statistician". Quality Engineering. 34 (2): 248–263. doi:10.1080/08982112.2022.2036345. ISSN 0898-2112.
- ^ "Youden, William John - Encyclopedia of Mathematics". encyclopediaofmath.org.
- ^ View/Search Fellows of the ASA Archived 2016-06-16 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 2016-07-23.
- ^ "W. J. Youden Award in Interlaboratory Testing". American Statistical Association.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-11-09. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Past Presidents". PSW Science. Retrieved 2022-06-22.
- ^ Upton, Graham J. G.; Cook, Ian (2014). A dictionary of statistics. Oxford paperback reference (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-967918-8.