Uthman I of Kanem

Uthman I
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Reign14th century (0–4 years)
c. 1363–1366[a]
PredecessorDawud Nikalemi
SuccessorUthman II
Diedc. 1366
Njimi, Kanem
DynastySayfawa dynasty (Dawudid[b])
FatherDawud Nikalemi

Uthman I (ʿUthmān bin Dāwūd[2]) was mai (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in the mid-14th century, ruling approximately 1363–1366.[a]

Life

Uthman I was a son of mai Dawud Nikalemi,[3] who he succeeded as mai in the mid-14th century.[2] In Dawud's reign, the empire had been invaded from the east by the Bilala. The invasion saw the death of Dawud in battle and the loss of the imperial capital, Njimi, to the Bilala.[6] Uthman I continued the war against the Bilala and had some initial success, even recapturing Njimi.[6] Uthman was not able to completely turn the tide of the conflict and was after a short reign[a] defeated and killed at Njimi by the resurgent Bilala.[6][7] He was succeeded as mai by his namesake cousin Uthman II.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Uthman a reign 8 months (Palmer, Landeroin), 1 year (Nachtigal), 3 years (Urvoy), or 4 years (Barth).[3] Due to differing dates and calculations for other mais, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1387–1390 (Barth), 1386 (Palmer), 1366–1369 (Urvoy), 1338 (Landeroin), and 1368–1369 (Nachtigal).[3] Cohen (1966) considered a reign of 3 years most likely.[3] Lange (1984) dated Uthman's reign to 1376–1379,[4] Stewart (1989) dated it to 1386–1391,[5] and Bosworth (2012) dated it to 1363–1366.[2]
  2. ^ The 14th and 15th centuries saw protracted civil wars between the rival Idrisid (descendants of Idris I Nikalemi) and Dawudid (descendants of Dawud Nikalemi) branches of the Sayfawa dynasty.[1]

References

  1. ^ Lange, Dierk (2012). "Ali Gajideni". Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford University Press. pp. 172–173. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.
  2. ^ a b c Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2012) [1996]. The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. p. 126. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
  3. ^ a b c d e Cohen, Ronald (1966). "The Bornu King Lists". Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History. Boston University Press. pp. 58, 62, 81.
  4. ^ Lange, Dierk (1984). "The kingdoms and peoples of Chad". In Niane, Djibril Tamsir (ed.). General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. University of California. p. 261. ISBN 978-92-3-101710-0.
  5. ^ Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present. McFarland & Company. p. 146.
  6. ^ a b c Barth, Heinrich (1857). Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a Journal of an Expedition Undertaken under the Auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the Years 1849–1855. Longmans. p. 640.
  7. ^ Palmer, H. R. (1926). History Of The First Twelve Years Of The Reign Of Mai Idris Alooma Of Bornu (1571–1583) (Fartua, Ahmed Ibn). p. 113.
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