Ussuri
| Ussuri ᡠᠰᡠᡵᡳ ᡠᠯᠠ | |
|---|---|
| Location | |
| Country | China, Russia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Amur |
• coordinates | 48°16′00″N 134°43′13″E / 48.2666°N 134.7204°E |
| Length | 897 km (557 mi)[1] |
| Basin size | 193,000 km2 (75,000 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Khabarovsk, Russia (near mouth) |
| • average | 1,620 m3/s (57,000 cu ft/s)[1] |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Amur→ Sea of Okhotsk |
| Ussuri | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 烏蘇里江 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 乌苏里江 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Manchu name | |||||||||||||
| Manchu script | ᡠᠰᡠᡵᡳ ᡠᠯᠠ | ||||||||||||
| Romanization | usuri ula | ||||||||||||
| Russian name | |||||||||||||
| Russian | река Уссури | ||||||||||||
| Romanization | reka Ussuri | ||||||||||||
| Japanese name | |||||||||||||
| Japanese | ウスリー川 Usurī Kawa | ||||||||||||
The Ussuri (/uːˈsʊəri/ oo-SOOR-ee; Russian: Уссури [ʊsˈsurʲɪ]) or Wusuli (Chinese: 乌苏里; pinyin: wūsūlǐ [ǔsǔlî]) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China in the province of Heilongjiang. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and forming part of the Sino-Russian border (which is based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking of 1860), until it joins the Amur as a tributary near Khabarovsk. It is approximately 897 km (557 mi) long. The Ussuri drains the Ussuri basin, which covers 193,000 km2 (75,000 mi2).[2] Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30–35%), and subterranean springs. The average discharge is 1,620 m3/s (57,000 cu ft/s),[1] and the average elevation is 1,682 metres (5,518 ft).
Names
The Ussuri has been known by many names. In Manchu, it was called the Usuri Ula[3] or Dobi Bira (River of Foxes) and in Mongolian the Üssüri Müren.[4] Ussuri is Manchu for soot-black river.[5]
History
- The Ussuri has a reputation for catastrophic floods. It freezes up in November and stays under the ice until April. The river teems with different kinds of fish: grayling, sturgeon, humpback salmon (gorbusha), chum salmon (keta), and others.
- During World War II, the river marked one of the boundaries which Soviet forces crossed into Manchuria in Operation August Storm in 1945.
- The Sino-Soviet border conflict of 1969 took place at the Soviet Damansky Island on the Ussuri River.
Tributaries
Major tributaries of the Ussuri are, from source to mouth:
- Arsenyevka (left)
- Sungacha (left)
- Muling (left)
- Bolshaya Ussurka (right)
- Bikin (right)
- Naoli (left)
- Khor (right)
See also
References
- ^ a b c Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader (PDF). ISBN 9789881722713.
- ^ "Определение "Уссури" в Большой Советской Энциклопедии" [Definition of "Ussuri" in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia]. bse.sci-lib.com (in Russian). Retrieved 2026-01-15.
- ^ Захаров И. И. (1875). Полный Маньчжурско-Русский словарь (PDF). Санкт-Петербург: Наука. p. 153. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-08-29.
{{cite book}}: no-break space character in|author=at position 30 (help) - ^ Narangoa 2014, p. 299.
- ^ Shavkunov, E.V. "Книги и статьи по топонимике" [Books and articles on toponymy]. toponimika.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-01-20.
Sources
- Narangoa, Li (2014). Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590-2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231160704.
External links
- Article containing a detail map Archived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine [dead link as of 18 March 2017].
- http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80349e/80349E10.GIF Archived 2010-05-28 at the Wayback Machine
