Tryphoninae
| Tryphoninae | |
|---|---|
| Tryphon rutilator | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Ichneumonidae |
| Subfamily: | Tryphoninae Shuckard, 1840 |
The Tryphoninae comprise a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.
Behavior
Most species of the Tryphoninae are koinobiont ectoparasitoids of Symphyta larvae, but members of some genera (e.g. Netelia) are ectoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae. Tryphonines have a hair-margined clypeus and two longitudinal parallel ridges occur on the first tergite.[1] The female sometimes has stalked eggs projecting from her ovipositor.[2]
Distribution
The family Tryphoninae is cosmopolitan with the greatest biodiversity in the Holarctic.[3]
Tribes and genera
As of 2024, the following eight tribes are recognized.[4][5] Fifty-five extant genera are described[3][5] as well as at least 3 extinct genera.
Tribe Ankylophonini Gauld, 1984
- Ankylophon Gauld, 1984
Tribe Eclytini Townes & Townes, 1945
- Eclytus Holmgren, 1857
Tribe Exenterini Förster, 1869
- Acrotomus Holmgren, 1857
- Cteniscus Haliday, 1832
- Cycasis Townes, 1965
- Eremodolius Kasparyan, 1985
- Eridolius Förster, 1869
- Excavarus Davis, 1897
- Exenterus Hartig, 1837
- Exyston Schiødte, 1839
- Kerrichia Mason, 1962
- Kristotomus Mason, 1962
- Orthodolius Kasparyan, 2024
- Orthomiscus Mason, 1955
- Scapnetes Townes, 1969
- Schelocentrus Kasparyan, 1976
- Smicroplectrus Thomson, 1883
Tribe Idiogrammatini Cushman, 1942
- Idiogramma Förster, 1869
- †Urotryphon Townes 1973
Tribe Oedemopsini Woldstedt, 1877
- Acaenitellus Morley
- Atopotrophos Cushman
- Cladeutes Townes, 1969
- Debophanes Gauld
- Hercus Townes, 1969
- Leptixys Townes, 1969
- Neliopisthus Thomson, 1883
- Oedemopsis Tschek, 1869
- Scudderopsis Bennett
- †Thymariodes Kasparyan, 1988
- Thymaris Forster, 1869
- Zagryphus Cushman
Tribe Phytodietini Hellén, 1915
- †Biamosa Khalaim
- Brevitubulus Wang, 1987
- Netelia Gray, 1860
- Phytodietus Gravenhorst, 1829
Tribe Sphinctini Förster, 1869
- Sphinctus Gravenhorst, 1829
Tribe Tryphonini Shuckard, 1840
- Aridella Kasparyan, 1970
- Boethella Bennett, 2003
- Boethus Forster, 1869
- Chiloplatys Townes & Townes, 1945
- Cosmoconus Forster, 1869
- Ctenochira Forster, 1855
- Dyspetes Forster, 1869
- Erromenus Holmgren, 1857
- Grypocentrus Ruthe, 1855
- Ibornia Seyrig, 1936
- Lagoleptus Townes, 1969
- Ledora Kasparya, 1983
- Leviculus Townes, 1969
- Megatryphon Cockerell, 1924
- Monoblastus Hartig, 1837
- Neleges Forster, 1869
- Otoblastus Förster, 1869
- Parablastus Constantineanu, 1973
- Polyblastus Hartig, 1837
- Thibetoides Davis, 1879
- Tryphon Fallén, 1813
- Zambion Kasparyan, 1993
Gallery
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Phytodietus sp. male (Tribe Phytodietini)
-
Phytodietus sp. pupa
-
Hercus fontinalis late instar larvae (tribe Oedemopsini)
References
- ^ "Tryphoninae - WaspWeb". www.waspweb.org. Retrieved 2026-02-24.
- ^ Eaton, Eric R. (24 January 2009). "Subfamily Tryphoninae". BugGuide. Archived from the original on 4 August 2025. Retrieved 23 February 2026.
- ^ a b Watanabe, Kyohei (2020). "New distribution records of the subfamily Tryphoninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in Japan". Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology. 26 (2): 208–215. Retrieved 2025-08-27.
- ^ "Tryphoninae". Hymenoptera Online (HOL). 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
- ^ a b Kasparyan, Dmitriy R. (2024). "New Palaearctic Taxa of Ichneumonids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae): Orthodolius gen. n., Praectenochira subgen. n., and Aderaeon Townes, 1949, stat. resurr". Entomological Review. 104: 63–71. doi:10.1134/S001387382401007X.
Further reading
- Townes, H.K. (1969) Genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1 (Ephialtinae, Tryphoninae, Labiinae, Adelognathinae, Xoridinae, Agriotypinae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 11: 1–300.
External links
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