Tropical cyclones in 1991

Tropical cyclones in 1991
Year boundaries
First systemAlison
FormedJanuary 8, 1991
Last systemBryna
DissipatedJanuary 10, 1992
Strongest system
NameYuri
Lowest pressure895 mbar (hPa); 26.43 inHg
Longest lasting system
NameNat
Duration19 days
Year statistics
Total systems90
Named systems68
Total fatalities144,609 total
Total damage$13.71 billion (1991 USD)
Related articles

During 1991, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 90 systems formed with 68 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Yuri, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 895 hPa (26.43 inHg). The deadliest tropical cyclone was Cyclone BOB 01, which caused 138,866 fatalities in Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan, while the costliest was Typhoon Mireille, which caused an estimated $10 billion USD in damage after striking Japan. Four Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1991.

Tropical cyclone activity in each basin is under the authority of an RSMC. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and East Pacific. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Both the NHC and CPHC are subdivisions of the National Weather Service. Activity in the West Pacific is monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Systems in the North Indian Ocean are monitored by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Météo-France located in Réunion (MFR) monitors tropical activity in the South-West Indian Ocean. The Australian region is monitored by five TCWCs that are under the coordination of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). Similarly, the South Pacific is monitored by both the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) and the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. Other, unofficial agencies that provide additional guidance in tropical cyclone monitoring include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).

Summary

Systems

All storm information in this article is based on the tropical cyclone season articles on Wikipedia.

January

January was the least active in terms of tropical cyclogenesis and named storms, with only three cyclones forming, two being named. Tropical Cyclone Bella caused flooding in Rodrigues.

Tropical cyclones formed in January 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Alison 8–18 January 110 (70) 966 None None None
Bella 18 January–4 February 155 (100) 936 Rodrigues None None

February

Tropical cyclones formed in February 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Chris 15–21 February 110 (70) 976 Western Australia None None
Cynthia 16–19 February 125 (75) 970 Madagascar Unknown 36 [1]
Daphne 21–28 February 110 (70) 976 Northern Australia Unknown Unknown [2]
Kelvin 21 February–5 March 110 (70) 980 None None None
Debra 22 February–4 March 115 (70) 966 Mozambique None None
Elma 26 February–5 March 105 (65) 965 None None None

March

Tropical cyclones formed in March 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
15P 3–7 March 55 (35) 1000 Solomon Islands None None
Sharon (Auring) 5–16 March 95 (60) 985 Caroline Islands, Philippines None None
16P 15–21 March 55 (35) 1000 None None None
Tim 20–27 March 120 (75) 970 Philippines, Japan None None
Fatima 21 March–1 April 135 (85) 954 None None None
Errol 23–31 April 175 (110) 950 None None 21 [3]
G1 30 March–3 April 55 (35) 998 Madagascar Unknown 16 [4]

April

Tropical cyclones formed in April 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Marian 9–19 April 185 (115) 930 None None None
Unnamed 10–14 April 65 (40) Unknown None None None
Fifi 14–21 April 110 (70) 975 Western Australia Unknown 29 [5]
BOB 01 22–30 April 240 (150) 920 India, Bangladesh $1.5 billion 138,866[a] [6]
Vanessa (Bebeng) 23–28 April 85 (50) 994 Philippines, Vietnam, China None None

May

Tropical cyclones formed in May 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Walt (Karing) 5–16 May 185 (115) 915 Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands None None
Lisa 7–11 May 110 (70) 975 Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu None None [7]
Andres 16–20 May 100 (65) 994 None None None
TD 20 May Unknown 1010 None None None
BOB 02 30 May–5 June 85 (55) 990 India, Bangladesh None None

June

Tropical cyclones formed in June 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Yunya 12–17 June 150 (90) 950 Philippines, Taiwan Unknown 326
Blanca 14–22 June 100 (65) 994 None None None
Carlos 16–27 June 195 (120) 955 None None None
Delores 22–28 June 140 (85) 979 None None None
Five-E 28–30 June 55 (35) 1006 Mexico None None

July

Tropical cyclones formed in July 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Ana 2–5 July 85 (50) 1000 Florida, Bahamas, South Carolina Minimal None
Two 5–7 July 55 (35) 1007 Mexico Minimal None
Zeke 9–15 July 120 (75) 970 Philippines, Hong Kong, southern China $960 million 33
Amy 14–20 July 230 (145) 930 Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China $4.87 billion 136
Enrique 15 July–1 August 120 (75) 987 None None None
Brendan 19–25 July 140 (85) 980 Philippines, Taiwan, Macau, Hong Kong, China $253 million 34
Caitlin 21–30 July 175 (110) 940 Philippines, Japan, South Korea $81.3 million 26
BOB 03 27–31 July 55 (35) 984 India Unknown Unknown
Fefa 29 July–8 August 195 (120) 959 Hawaiian Islands Minimal None

August

Tropical cyclones formed in August 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Guillermo 4–10 August 130 (80) 983 None None None
Doug 7–10 August 65 (40) 1000 None None None
Hilda 8–14 August 65 (40) 992 None None None
Ellie 10–19 August 130 (80) 960 Taiwan, China Unknown Unknown
Fred 11–18 August 140 (85) 960 Philippines, China, Vietnam, Laos Unknown 5
13W 11–13 August 45 (30) 1002 None None None
Gladys 15–24 August 120 (75) 965 Japan, South Korea $253 million 113
Bob 16–20 August 185 (115) 950 North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Atlantic Canada, Iberian Peninsula $1.47 billion 17
BOB 04 21–26 August 45 (30) 992 India Unknown Unknown
Four 24–26 August 55 (35) 1007 None None None
15W 26–30 August 65 (40) 992 Japan, South Korea Unknown Unknown
Five 28–31 August 55 (35) 1007 None None None
Harry 28–31 August 75 (45) 992 Japan Unknown Unknown

September

Tropical cyclones formed in September 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Ivy 2–10 September 175 (110) 935 Japan Unknown 1
Joel 3–8 September 85 (50) 985 China Unknown 5
Claudette 4–12 September 215 (130) 944 None None None
Danny 7–11 September 85 (50) 998 None None None
Erika 8–12 September 95 (60) 997 None None None
01S 10–13 September 85 (50) Unknown None None None
Ten-E 12–14 September 55 (35) 1005 Mexico Minimal None
Mireille 13 September–4 October 240 (150) 910 Saipan, South Korea, Japan, Alaska $10 billion 68
Luke 14-19 September 100 (65) 980 Japan $179 million 12
Nat 14 September–3 October 150 (90) 950 Philippines, Taiwan, China $16.7 million 2
Ignacio 16–19 September 100 (65) 994 Mexico Minimal 2
Jimena 20 September–2 October 215 (130) 945 None None None
BOB 05 21–22 September 45 (30) 1000 India Unknown Unknown
Kevin 25 September–12 October 230 (145) 935 Mexico Unknown Unknown

October

Tropical cyclones formed in October 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Orchid October 3–14 175 (110) 930 Guam, Japan $15.8 million 3
Pat October 4–13 150 (90) 925 Mariana Islands None None
Marty October 7–18 130 (80) 979 Southwestern Mexico, Revillagigedo Islands, Baja California Peninsula None None
BOB 06 October 12–14 45 (30) 998 Bangladesh, India Unknown Unknown
A2 October 14–22 50 (30) 997 Madagascar None None
Fabian October 15–16 75 (45) 1002 Cuba, Florida Minimal None
Ruth October 19–31 215 (130) 895 Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Philippines $151 million 82
Ten October 24–25 45 (30) 1009 None None None
Grace October 25–29 165 (105) 980 Bermuda None None
BOB 07 October 28–30 45 (30) 998 India Unknown Unknown
Unnamed October 31–November 2 120 (75) 980 East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada $200 million 13

November

Tropical cyclones formed in November 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Seth 1–15 November 185 (115) 925 Philippines Unknown Unknown
Thelma 1–8 November 75 (45) 991 Philippines, Vietnam $27.7 million 5,081
Verne 5–12 November 100 (65) 980 None None None
Nora 7–12 November 165 (105) 970 None None None
BOB 08 9–16 November 85 (50) 998 India Unknown 40+
Tia 13–21 November 140 (85) 960 Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu Unknown None
Wilda 14–20 November 85 (50) 992 Philippines Unknown Unknown
Yuri 17 November–3 December 280 (175) 885 Pohnpei, Guam $36 million None
A4 21–29 November 70 (45) 991 None None None
Zelda 27 November–7 December 150 (90) 975 Marshall Islands, Alaska, Canada Unknown None

December

Tropical cyclones formed in December 1991
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Graham 2–12 December 205 (125) 915 Cocos Island Unknown Unknown
Wasa-Arthur 3–18 December 195 (120) 938 French Polynesia $60 million 2
Val 4–17 December 230 (145) 916 Tuvalu, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan Islands, Cook Islands, Tonga $381 million 17
Alexandra 18–29 December 105 (65) 972 Mauritius Unknown Unknown
Bryna 25 December–10 January 70 (45) 988 Madagascar Unknown Unknown

Global effects

Season name Areas affected Systems formed Named storms Damage (USD) Deaths
1991 Atlantic hurricane season Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic States, New England, Atlantic Canada, Iberian Peninsula, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada, Northeastern United States, Eastern Canada 12 8 $1.67 billion 30
1991 Pacific hurricane season Southwestern Mexico, Hawaiian Islands, Clarion Island, Guadalupe Island, Southwestern United States 16 14 Unknown 11
1991 Pacific typhoon season [b] Caroline Islands, Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, China, Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, South China, South Korea, Laos, Thailand, Marshall Islands, Russia Far East, Guam 37 28 $10.1 billion 5,505
1991 North Indian Ocean cyclone season Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan 8 3 $1.5 billion 138,906
1990–91 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season [c] Madagascar, Juan de Nova Island, Mozambique, Europa Island, Rodrigues 7 7 Unknown 88
1991–92 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season [b] Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Réunion 6 4 Unknown Unknown
1990–91 Australian region cyclone season [c] Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu 9 7 $1.03 million 50
1991–92 Australian region cyclone season [b] None 1 1 None None
1990–91 South Pacific cyclone season [c] New Caledonia 1 0 None None
1991–92 South Pacific cyclone season [b] Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Cook Islands, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga, Samoa, American Samoa, French Polynesia 3 3 $441 million 19
Worldwide (See above) 100[d] 75 $13.71 billion 144,609

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Fourth deadliest tropical cyclone on record.
  2. ^ a b c d The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
  3. ^ a b c Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1991 are counted in the seasonal totals.
  4. ^ The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.

References

  1. ^ Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (August 1993). "Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide 1900-present" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
  2. ^ "1991 Tropical Cyclone Daphne (1991046S18150)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  3. ^ "Indian Ocean, off WA: Cyclone". www.ema.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  4. ^ Patrick Donguy (November 1992). Cyclonic Phenomena in Indian Ocean Watched by Meteosat (Season 1990-1991) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. p. 80.
  5. ^ "South-Western WA: Cyclone". www.ema.gov.au. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  6. ^ Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). United States Navy, United States Airforce. 1992. p. 155. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  7. ^ Pandaram, Sudha (3 July 1992). Tropical Cyclone Lisa, 7 - 13 May, 1991 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report 91/1). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.

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